User:Ruridova/Sandbox6: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Redirected page to Senria)
Tag: New redirect
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Region icon Kylaris}}
#REDIRECT [[Senria]]
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name =  Republic of Senria
|native_name =              {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸}}<br>'''''<small>Senryuu Kyouwakoku</small>'''''
|common_name =              Senria
|image_flag =              SenriaFlag.png
|image_coat =              Blótsmaþing.png
|symbol_type =              Emblem
|national_motto =          {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꼬꾸민노이씨가쌔꼬우호우끼}}<br>''Kokumin no Isi ga Saikou Houki<br><small>The People's Will Shall be the Supreme Law''</small>
|national_anthem =          {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾜우외꼬꾸꼬우씬꾜꾸}}<br>''[[Kyouwakoku Kousinkyoku]]<br><small>March of the Republic''</small>
| other_symbol = {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸노몬}}<br><small>''[[Seal of the Senrian Republic]]''</small><br>[[File:Seal of the Senrian Republic.png|125px]]
| other_symbol_type = Seal:
|image_map =               
|map_caption =              Map of Senria
|image_map2 =              Senria orthographic projection.png
|map_caption2 =            Location of Senria in [[Kylaris]]
|capital =                  [[Keisi]]
|largest_city =            [[Keisi]]
|official_languages =      {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}
|regional_languages =      {{wp|Okinawan language|Isotaman}}, {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}}, {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}}
|demonym =                  [[Senrian people|Senrian]]
|government_type =          {{wp|unitary republic|Unitary}} {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}
|leader_title1 =            [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name1 =            [[Reika Okura]]
|leader_title2 =            [[Deputy Prime Minister of Senria|Deputy Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 =            [[Kaori Himura]]
|leader_title3 =            [[National Assembly (Senria)|Chairman of the National Assembly]]
|leader_name3 =            [[Seitarou Nakagawa]]
|legislature =              [[National Assembly of Senria|National Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type =        '''[[History of Senria]]'''
|established_event1 =      [[Unification of Senria|Unification]]
|established_date1 =        710 BCE
|established_event2 =      [[Keiou Restoration]]
|established_date2 =        1869
|established_event3 =      [[Senrian Revolution]]
|established_date3 =        1918
|established_event4 =      [[Constitution of Senria|Current constitution]]
|established_date4 =        1933
|area_km2 =                589192.28
|area_sq_mi =             
|percent_water =           
|population_estimate =     
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census =        258,751,620
|population_census_year =  2015
|population_density_km2 =  439.16
|population_density_sq_mi =
|GDP_PPP =                  $7.418 trillion
|GDP_PPP_year =            2015
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =      $28,670
|GDP_nominal =              $3.808 trillion
|GDP_nominal_year =        2015
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =  $13,328
|Gini =                    42.1
|Gini_change =             
|Gini_year =                2015
|HDI_year =                2015
|HDI =                      .863
|HDI_change =             
|currency =                [[Senrian yen]] (圓, ¥)
|currency_code =            SNY
|utc_offset =             
|date_format =              dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Common Era|CE}})
|drives_on =                {{wp|right- and left-hand traffic|left}}
|cctld =                    [[.sn]]
|iso3166code =              SN
|calling_code =            +30
}}
'''Senria''' ({{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꼬꾸}}, ''Senryuukoku''), known formally as the '''Republic of Senria''' (Senrian: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸}}, ''Senryuu Kyouwakoku''), is an {{wp|island country}} located in the continent of [[Coius]]. It is bordered by the [[Lumine Ocean]] to the west and north, the [[Honghai Sea]] to the south and southeast, the [[Rangyoku Strait]] to the east, and the [[Bay of Bashurat]] to the northeast. Senria shares a maritime border with [[Shangea]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Keisi]].
 
The main part of Senria, the [[Senrian archipelago]], is a {{wp|stratovolcano|stratovolcanic}} {{wp|archipelago}} of several thousand islands and islets. Of these, the islands of [[Kousuu]], [[Tousuu]], [[Yuusuu]], and [[Gyousuu]], which make up the majority of Senria's land area and are home to the vast majority of its population, are considered to be the "main islands". Smaller islands within the Senrian archipelago include [[Kisima]], [[Rousima]], [[Kanasima]], [[Sugisima]], and [[Kaedezima]]; subarchipelagos within the larger Senrian archipelago include the [[Isotama Islands|Isotama]] and [[Hibotu Islands|Hibotu]] island chains. The country also controls the [[Sunahama Islands]], a series of {{wp|Atoll|atolls}} located on the border of the Honghai and [[Coral Sea|Coral]] seas.
 
While Senria has been inhabited since the {{wp|Upper Paleolithic|Late Paleolithic}}, and was supposedly unified by the [[Monarchy of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]] in 710 BCE, traditional records of Senrian history before the 300s CE are typically regarded by historians as heavily mythologized and ultimately unreliable. The first confirmed references to Senria from an external source come in the ''[[Yiguoji]]'', a [[Shangea|Shangean]] chronicle from the 4th century CE. The authority of the Senrian monarchy was centralized by a series of reforms in the 5th and 6th centuries, enabling a flourishing of culture and commerce, but began to decline precipitously beginning in the 800s, with power falling into the hands of local lords known as {{wp|Daimyo|daimyou}} whose rule was enforced by warrior nobles known as {{wp|samurai}}. The ensuing period of prolonged internal division was marked both by regular conflict between rival daimyous and by a renewed flourishing of Senrian culture.
 
The country was reunified by the [[Keiou Restoration]], beginning in 1869, which saw central authority reestablished under an {{wp|absolute monarchy}}; political repression, stalled modernization, and perceived weakness in the face of Shangean and [[Euclea|Euclean]] imperialism in subsequent decades led to the [[Senrian Revolution]], which ended with the formal deposition of the monarchy in 1923. The country played a major role in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], undertaking a program of breakneck industrialization and mass mobilization in response to the [[Senrian Front|invasion of the country]] and [[Senrian Genocide|genocide of Senrians]] by Shangean forces. Senria emerged from the war as an industrial and military power; a new [[Constitution of Senria|constitution]] was ratified in 1933, with wartime leader [[Katurou Imahara]] establishing a dominant-party regime under his rule. While Senria liberalized somewhat under [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] [[Kiyosi Haruna]], Imahara's [[Aikokutou]] remains in power into the present.
 
Home to 258 million people as of 2015, Senria is the second-largest country in the [[Kylaris|world]] by population; its capital, [[Keisi]], is the largest {{wp|city}} and {{wp|metropolitan area}} in the world. While the Senrian population is overwhelmingly composed of [[Senrian people|ethnic Senrians]], the country is also home to the [[Isotaman people|Isotamans]], [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]], and [[Cotratic people|Cotratics]], as well as [[Shangea|Shangean]], [[Baekjeong|Baean]], [[Satria|Satrian]], [[Chanwa|Chanwan]], and [[Kuthina|Kuthine]] populations, and returned members of the [[Senrian diaspora]] known as {{wp|dekasegi}}. Most Senrians practice a form of [[Tenkyou]], the country's {{wp|indigenous religion}}, which has been highly {{wp|Syncretism|syncretized}} with [[Zohism]] and [[Badi]]; noteworthy minority religions in Senria include [[Sotirianity]] and several {{wp|New religious movement|new religious movements}} known collectively as {{wp|Japanese new religions|''sinsuukyou''}}. The country's official language is {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}, though {{wp|Okinawan language|Isotaman}}, {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}}, and {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}} have been accorded limited recognition at the local level.
 
Senria is formally established as a {{wp|unitary republic|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}, with legislative power vested in an elected unicameral [[National Assembly of Senria|National Assembly]] and executive power held by a [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] designated by the legislature. While nominally a {{wp|Multi-party system|multi-party}} {{wp|democracy}}, Senria has been dominated politically by the [[Aikokutou]] since 1927, and is typically classed as a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} or a [[Southern democracy]] by analysts. Senria's current prime minister is [[Reika Okura]], the first woman to hold the office, who has held the position since 2018. Traditionally split into 21 [[Traditional regions of Senria|traditional regions]], the country is formally divided into 64 [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]], which hold relatively little autonomy. The Senrian military, known as the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]], consists of the [[Senrian Republican Army]], [[Senrian Republican Navy|Navy]], and [[Senrian Republican Air Force|Air Force]], and is regarded as among the foremost militaries in Coius, backed by one of the largest military budgets in the world. Senria is one of the seven states permitted to have [[List of countries with nuclear weapons (Kylaris)|nuclear weapons]] under the [[Treaty of Shanbally]].
 
Senria has the second-largest economy in the world in terms of {{wp|nominal GDP}}. A leading {{wp|Manufacturing|industrial}} power and major {{wp|Export|exporter}} of {{wp|Final good|consumer goods}}, its economy has steadily become progressively more {{wp|White-collar worker|white-collar}} since the 1980s, though this has been increasingly marred by {{wp|economic stagnation}} in the past five years. The Senrian economy is marked by the domination of a handful of corporate cliques known as {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} and an emphasis on lifetime employment and seniority-based advancement in the corporate world. While it ranks highly on the {{wp|Human Development Index}}, the country also suffers from high levels of {{wp|Economic inequality|income inequality}}. Senria's currency is the [[Senrian yen|yen]].
 
[[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]] stands as one of the most prominent and influential cultures in the modern world, having obtained global reach during the 20th century, particularly following the start of the [[Senrian Wave]] in the 1980s. Senrian [[Senrian art|art]], [[Cinema of Aucuria|cinema]], [[Senrian cuisine|cuisine]], [[Senrian literature|literature]], [[Music of Senria|music]], [[Television in Senria|television]], and [[Video games in Senria|video games]] are well-known and capable of exercising worldwide influence, and are regarded by many analysts as an important facet of Senrian {{wp|soft power}}.
 
Senria is commonly considered one of the [[Kylaris|world's]] {{wp|Great power|great powers}} due to its large [[Demographics of Senria|population]], substantial [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces|military]], [[Senria and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear arsenal]], high {{wp|standard of living}}, and [[Economy of Senria|economic]] and [[Culture of Senria|cultural]] clout. It holds a permanent seat on the [[Community of Nations]]'s [[Community of Nations Security Committee|Security Committee]], is a prominent member of [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs|GIFA]], the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation|AEDC]], and the [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]], and plays a leading role in [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]], [[Council for Mutual Development|COMDEV]], and the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]].
 
==Etymology==
{{main|Names of Senria}}
The typical name for Senria in the {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}}, written in {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}} as {{lang|ja|千龍國}} or {{lang|ja|千竜国}} and in {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon}} as {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꼬꾸}}, is pronounced ''Senryuukoku''. This name, sometimes clipped to ''Senryuu'', roughly translates as "country of a thousand dragons". It is widely agreed that this name is derived from a traditional legend claiming that the [[Senrian people]] are descended from a woman named [[Toyomike]] and the {{wp|kami}} [[Pairyuu]], typically depicted as a {{wp|Japanese dragon|dragon}}, disguised in human form. The first confirmed use of the term to refer to Senria appears in the ''[[Yiguoji]]'', a [[Shangea|Shangean]] chronicle from 372 CE; claims of artifacts or manuscripts showing earlier use within Senria itself are contentious and not universally accepted by historians.
 
The clipped form ''Senryuu'' is sometimes altered to ''Zensenryuu'', "all Senria", or ''Daisenryuu'', "great Senria", in poetic, literary, or patriotic contexts. Senria is also sometimes poetically or euphemistically referred to as ''Musuuzima-no-Kuni'' ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|무쑤우시마노꾸니}} in Kokumon, {{lang|ja|無数島の国}} in Gyoumon and {{wp|hiragana}}; literally "country of countless islands"), ''Mizuho-no-Kuni'' ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|미수호노꾸니}} in Kokumon, {{lang|ja|瑞穗の国}} in Gyoumon and hiragana; literally "country of lush ears of grain"), or ''Akitukuni'' ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|아끼뚜꾸니}} in Kokumon, {{lang|ja|現御国}} in Gyoumon; literally "the present country" or "the country we are in").
 
The earliest known Euclean form of the name "Senria", ''Tsenliong'', appears in the writings of [[Ponte Pilote]], written in {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, and likely derives from the {{wp|Middle Chinese|Late Middle Shangean}} pronunciation of the characters {{lang|ja|千龍}}. The chronicles and letters of {{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}} and {{wp|Dutch language|Hennish}} explorers in the 16th century contain several variations more obviously derived from the Senrian form of the name, including ''Senrijoe'', ''Senriou'', ''Sennrija'', and ''Senreia''; these variants rapidly supplanted the earlier ''Tsenliong'' and converged into the Gaullican ''Senrie'', which in turn became the modern {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} ''Senria''.
 
==History==
[[File:140913 Sannai-Maruyama site Aomori Japan01bs6bs6.jpg|275px|right|thumb|Reconstructed buildings at the [[Seidou Archaeological Site]].]]
{{Main|History of Senria}}
===Prehistory and antiquity===
 
The first archaeological evidence of human habitation in what is now Senria are a series of human fossils found on the island of [[Iezima]], believed to be roughly 32,000 years old. {{wp|Paleolithic}} archaeological sites in Senria are often small and fragmentary; the comparative acidity of Senrian soil creates adverse conditions for {{wp|fossilization}}, and many sites consist mostly or only of stone tools. Additionally, changes in sea level between the {{wp|Pleistocene}} and {{wp|Holocene}} likely mean that many early Paleolithic sites are now underwater. However, some remarkable findings have been uncovered; notably, {{wp|Ground stone|ground stone tools}}, normally not found until the {{wp|Mesolithic}} or {{wp|Neolithic}}, appear in Senria during the Paleolithic, far earlier than in most other places. It is unclear why this technique appeared so early in Senria.
 
The [[Seidou period|Seidou culture]], a {{wp|Sedentism|sedentary}} {{wp|hunter-gatherer}} culture emerged in Senria circa 14,000 BCE. The culture, named for the village of [[Seidou]], where artifacts from the period were discovered in 1878, is known for its {{wp|Jōmon pottery|"cord-marked" pottery}}, ornate earthenware figurines known as {{wp|Dogū|doguu}}, and the construction of {{wp|Pit-house|pit dwellings}}. While there is evidence that the Seidou culture engaged in limited {{wp|horticulture}} and {{wp|arboriculture}} - including the cultivation of {{wp|Castanea crenata|Senrian chestnuts}}, {{wp|Calabash|calabashes}}, {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki beans}}, and {{wp|Toxicodendron vernicifluum|lacquer trees}} - it appears that hunting and gathering remained more important overall, enabled by the favorable conditions of the {{wp|Holocene climatic optimum}}. {{wp|Midden|Middens}} from the period suggest a heavy reliance on fish, shellfish, and wild game. Climatic cooling disrupted this lifestyle and caused a rapid population decline, however, and the Seidou archaeological sites largely disappear by 1,000 BCE.
 
The Seidou culture was succeeded by the [[Sugawara culture]]. The advent of the Sugawara period, which lasted from roughly 1,000 BCE to 240 CE, brought a slate of transformations to the Senrian archipelago. {{wp|Silk|Silk making}}, {{wp|Glass production|glass making}}, {{wp|Bronze|bronzeworking}}, and, towards the end of the period, {{wp|Iron|ironworking}} all first appear in Senria during this timeframe, as do new methods of making {{wp|Yayoi pottery|pottery}}, {{wp|Textile|textiles}}, and {{wp|lacquerware}}. Agriculture also expanded significantly, with the cultivation of {{wp|rice}}, {{wp|barley}}, {{wp|buckwheat}}, {{wp|Soybean|soy}}, and {{wp|millet}} becoming widespread; in particular, the arrival of {{wp|Paddy field|wet-field agriculture}} allowed for intensive rice farming. The Sugawara period is also marked by the advent of increasingly complex settlements and the construction of ceremonial bronze bells known as {{wp|Dōtaku|doutaku}}. Most archaeologists agree that the modern [[Senrian people]] are the result of genetic admixture between remnants of the Seidou people and the Sugawara people, who are thought to have migrated to the archipelago from an original Senric {{wp|Linguistic homeland|urheimat}} on the [[Kaoming Peninsula]], bringing continental technologies with them in the process.
[[File:Shionjiyama-Kohun001.JPG|265px|left|thumb|Tumuli known as {{wp|Kofun|kohun}} are emblematic of the [[Sunzuu period]].]]
Within traditional Senrian historiography, the period from 710 BCE to 240 CE is typically referred to as the [[Eiken period]]
[710 BCE to 240 CE is also the Eiken period in traditional historiography - 에껀/栄剣, "glorious sword" - but much of this historiography is semimythical and seems unrelated to archaeological fact; there's also some talk of "lands to the west" in Xiao histories fm/ the period that are similarly too mythical to be regarded as reliable by most historians]
 
[Sunzuu period - 240 to ~550 - from 쑨수우/春秋, "spring and autumn" - here history gets a little more grounded in archaeology and written sources - both domestic and foreign - start appearing]
 
[Kaihou period - ~550 to ~750 - from 깨호우/改法, "reform of laws" - historiography is now solid; period sees development of centralized, organized monarchy on the upswing, many works of classical senrian culture]
[[File:Murasaki Shikibu with male court poets.png|265px|right|thumb|[[Senrian culture]] flourished during the [[Kingen period]].]]
===Feudal era===
 
[Kingen period - ~750 to ~1100 - from 낀건/金絹, "gold and silk" - senrian culture flourishes but a series of changes and several regencies mean the rise of the daimyou and the degradation of central authority]
 
[Zakkoku period - ~1100 to ~1350 - from 삮꼬꾸/弱国, "weak country" - regency sidelined but central authority continues to degrade, but hey there's samurai and stuff]
[[File:Tagezaki Suenaga,Ekotoba5.jpg|255px|left|thumb|{{wp|Samurai}}, hereditary military nobles, held vast power in feudal Senria.]]
[Tigoku period - ~1350 to ~1650 - from 띠고꾸/血国, "bloody country" - central authority gone, emperors again pushed aside by regents, most real power held by daimyou, lots of wars between daimyou and a catastrophic peasant revolt]
 
[Suikoku period - ~1650 to ~1860 - from 쒸꼬꾸/睡国, "sleeping country" - still some turmoil, but less of it, and things are calm enough for senrian culture to flourish again, but senria stagnates technologically for most of this period]
[[File:Akasaka kari kokyo oyobi dajokan shinkei.jpg|285px|right|thumb|Senria sought to modernize, with mixed results, following the [[Keiou Restoration]].]]
===Modern era===
 
[Kaisei period - 1869 to 1923 - from 깨쎄/回生, "resuscitation, regeneration" - the monarchy restores central power, initially modernizes but then stagnates as reactionaries gain influence]
 
Public anger at the protracted economic crisis and political repression led to the outbreak of the [[Senrian Revolution]] in 1918. While republican revolutionaries, led by [[Ryuunosuke Miyamoto]] politically and [[Souzirou Okada]] militarily, were able to take control of much of the country's west, imperial forces were better-trained and better-equipped than their republican counterparts, and won several victories during the initial year of the war. The imperial position weakened substantially following the assassination of the [[Tenmei of Senria|Emperor Tenmei]], however, as his successor [[Souhou of Senria|Souhou]] interfered in military affairs and mismanaged the war effort. The [[1923 Great Kinkeidou Earthquake]] devastated [[Keisi]] and further weakened the imperial position, and as republican forces - now led by Miyamoto's protégé [[Isao Isiyama]] - gained the upper hand, dissent grew in the armed forces. A group of generals and admirals, known as the [[Gang of Six (Senria)|Gang of Six]] and led by [[Katurou Imahara]], launched a military coup against the Emperor Souhou in November 1923, capturing him and forcing the abolition of the monarchy; a subsequent power-sharing agreement between Isiyama and Imahara ended the revolution shortly thereafter.
[[File:Taierzhuang.jpg|255px|left|thumb|Senrian soldiers engaging in combat during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]].]]
[Republican, or Kyouwa period - 1923 to present - from 꾜우외/共和, "republic" - the four years of Isiyama's republic, the Great War, the Senrian Genocide]
 
[the Aikokutou's dominance since, Senria as a Coian power]
 
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Senria}}
Senria comprises 6,884 islands and islets located to the south and west of [[Coius]]. The main portion of the country, the [[Senrian archipelago]], is a {{wp|stratovolcano|stratovolcanic}} {{wp|archipelago}} bordered by the [[Lumine Ocean]] to the west and north, the [[Bay of Bashurat]] to the northeast, the [[Rangyoku Strait]] to the east, and the [[Honghai Sea]] to the south and southeast. The four "main islands" of the Senrian archipelago, from east to west, are [[Tousuu]], [[Kousuu]], [[Yuusuu]], and [[Gyousuu]]. Smaller islands within the Senrian archipelago include [[Kisima]] and [[Rousima]], located north of Yuusuu and west of Kousuu; [[Kanasima]], south of Kousuu; [[Sugisima]], north of Kousuu; and [[Kaedezima]], located between Yuusuu and Gyousuu. Within the larger Senrian archipelago, two subarchipelagos are typically identified - the [[Isotama Islands]], to the northeast of the main islands, and the [[Hibotu Islands]], the westernmost portion of the country. The archipelago also contains several thousand smaller islands and islets, of which about 520 are inhabited.
[[File:Mt Fuji NASA ISS002-E-6971 large.jpg|275px|right|thumb|[[Mount Senzou]], the highest point in Senria, as seen from space.]]
The Senrian archipelago stretches roughly 2,554 kilometers (1,587 miles) in length, but is comparatively narrow, only about 460 kilometers (285 miles) wide at its widest point, and no point in the archipelago is more than 158 kilometers (98 miles) away from the ocean. Most of the archipelago's terrain is highly mountainous, and, because of this, more than 65% of it is uninhabitable. As a result, the habitable areas - located primarily in coastal regions - are very heavily populated, giving Senria one of the highest population densities in the [[Kylaris|world]], and most land which is suitable for {{wp|Land development|development}} is in use. {{wp|Land reclamation}} has been used to expand the amount of land available for human use, particularly in the years since the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]; roughly 0.6% of the country's total area is reclaimed land as of 2018. Senria's mountainous terrain also means it has few navigable rivers, though extensive coastal shipping, particularly within the [[Bay of Hisui]], the [[Nangyoku Inland Sea|Nangyoku]] and [[Ransou Inland Sea|Ransou]] inland seas, and the [[Kahoumon Strait|Kahoumon]] and [[Toyozimon Strait|Toyozimon]] straits, compensates for this.
 
Because of its location along the boundary of the [[Lumine Plate|Lumine]] and [[Austral Plate|Austral]] {{wp|Plate tectonics|tectonic plates}}, the Senrian archipelago is significantly prone to {{wp|Earthquake|earthquakes}}, {{wp|Volcano|volcanic activity}}, and {{wp|Tsunami|tsunamis}}. The country has 117 active volcanoes, including three {{wp|Volcanic Explosivity Index#Classification|VEI-7}} volcanoes and two {{wp|Decade Volcanoes}}. Major seismic events, meanwhile, occur within Senria several times each century; the [[1923 Great Kinkeidou earthquake]] killed between 100,000 and 150,000 people, while the [[1982 Taiseiyou earthquake]] caused a tsunami with a maximum run-up height of roughly 10 meters (32 feet), though it caused only 104 fatalities.
 
Senria also controls the [[Sunahama Islands]], a chain of twenty-eight {{wp|Atoll|atolls}} and islets located on the border of the Honghai and [[Coral Sea|Coral]] seas. Of these, nineteen atolls are inhabited, while the other nine are uninhabited, either because of environmental factors such as a lack of fresh water or due to contamination from Senrian weapons testing. Obtained from [[Gaullica]] following the end of the Great War, the Sunahamas are also claimed by [[Shangea]].
 
Senria has a total area of {{convert|589192.28|km²|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. The Senrian archipelago lies roughly between latitudes 18° and 33°S and longitudes 146°W and 180°E; the Sunahamas are located roughly between latitudes 44° and 48°S and longitudes 105° to 115°W. The country's highest point is the peak of [[Mount Senzou]], which stands 3,776 meters (12,388 feet) tall; its lowest natural point is [[Lake Notorigata]], a now-partially-reclaimed lagoon located 4 meters (13 feet) below sea level. As an {{wp|Island country|island nation}}, Senria has no land borders; however, it does share a sea border with [[Shangea]] in the Rangyoku Strait.
 
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=180 | height=160
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Setouchi.jpg
|alt1=Heavily-forested islets in a large body of water, with a village in the foreground.
|Islets on the northern coast of the [[Nangyoku Inland Sea]].
|File:Hida Mountains from Mount Kashimayari 2003-11-02.jpg
|alt2=A range of snow-capped mountains in twilight.
|Snow-capped mountains in the [[Senrian Aventines]].
|File:Mt.Aso and caldera01.jpg
|alt3=Woods and farmland in a flat area, with mountains in the background.
|Forest and farmland in central [[Gyousuu]].
|NiigataCityOpenData machinami004.jpg
|alt4=A flat grassland partially flooded with water.
|The [[Agano River]] flowing through [[Nisiyama]].
|File:130922 Lake Toya Toyako Hokkaido Japan03s3.jpg
|alt5=A bright blue lake in a forested volcanic crater, with an island in the middle.
|[[Lake Kimun]], a {{wp|Volcanic crater lake|crater lake}} in [[Yuusuu]].
|File:Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan - panoramio.jpg
|alt6=A sandy beach with a woman walking along it.
|A beach in [[Narazima]], one of the [[Isotama Islands|Isotamas]].
}}
 
===Climate===
 
The majority of Senria has a {{wp|temperate climate}} falling into the {{wp|Köppen climate classification|Köppen system}} categories ''{{wp|Humid subtropical climate|Cfa}}'' (humid subtropical climate) or ''{{wp|Oceanic climate|Cfb}}'' (temperate oceanic climate); however, some of the southerly regions of the archipelago have {{wp|Continental climate|continental climates}}, primarily ''{{wp|Humid continental climate|Dfa}}'' (hot-summer humid continental climate) or ''{{wp|Humid continental climate|Dfb}}'' (warm-summer humid continental climate). {{wp|Alpine climate|Aventine climates}} can also be found in parts of Senria on account of its pronounced {{wp|topography}}.
 
The country is generally rainy, though its many mountain ranges mean that parts of the country's east are affected by {{wp|Rain shadow|rain shadows}} and {{wp|Foehn wind|foehn winds}}, though these areas are still relatively wet, receiving at least 750 millimeters (30 inches) of rain annually; much of the country sees heavy snowfall during the winter. As a result of the country's heavy rainfall, sunshine is generally modest in quantity. Much of western Senria is at risk of {{wp|Typhoon|typhoons}} during the mid-to-late summer and early fall; an average of five or six typhoons pass over the country annually.
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=325
| align = left
| image1 = Japanese Macaque Fuscata Image 370 (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Vulpes vulpes laying in snow.jpg
| image3 = Racoon dog face.jpg
| image4 = Sika Deer (73772293).jpeg
| image5 = Blakiston's fish owl.jpg
| image6 = Grue du Japon DSCF 1353.jpg
| image7 = Achalinus formosanus formosanus close-up with tongue extended.jpg
| image8 = Kuhaku kuchi benii.JPG
| footer = Senria is host to a wide variety of fauna.
}}
===Biodiversity===
{{Main|Wildlife of Senria}}
Senria is the native home of between 4,000 and 6,000 species of {{wp|plant}}. The country's north is dominated by a mixture of both {{wp|deciduous}} and {{wp|evergreen}} {{wp|Broad-leaved tree|broad-leaved trees}} such as the {{wp|Ulmus davidiana var. japonica|Senrian elm}}, {{wp|Aucuba japonica|spotted laurel}}, {{wp|Zelkova serrata|keyaki}}, {{wp|Fagus crenata|Senrian beech}}, {{wp|Cleyera japonica|sakaki}}, {{wp|Quercus acuta|Senrian evergreen oak}}, and {{wp|Quercus myrsinifolia|Shangean ring-cupped oak}}. At higher altitudes and in the country's south, by contrast, are more dominated by {{wp|Conifer|conifers}} including the {{wp|Chamaecyparis obtusa|hinoki cypress}}, {{wp|Tsuga diversifolia|southern Senrian hemlock}}, {{wp|Cryptomeria|Senrian cedar}}, {{wp|Picea jezoensis|Yuusuu spruce}}, {{wp|Pinus densiflora|Senrian red pine}}, and {{wp|Pinus thunbergii|Senrian black pine}}. The country's national tree is the {{wp|Acer palmatum|Senrian maple}}. Flowering and fruiting plants native to Senria include {{wp|Prunus mume|plums}}, {{wp|Prunus subg. Cerasus|cherries}}, {{wp|Castanea crenata|chestnuts}}, {{wp|Azalea|azaleas}}, {{wp|Camellia japonica|camellias}}, {{wp|Wisteria floribunda|wisterias}}, {{wp|Iris ensata|irises}} and {{wp|Chrysanthemum|chrysanthemums}}. Important or famous food crops originating in Senria include the {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki vine}}, {{wp|Oenanthe javanica|water celery}}, {{wp|wasabi}}, and edible seaweeds such as {{wp|Pyropia tenera|nori}} and {{wp|Hijiki|hiziki}}; the country is also famous for its edible mushrooms, such as the highly-prized {{wp|Shiitake|siitake}} and {{wp|Matsutake|matutake}} mushrooms.
 
The country also exhibits great diversity in {{wp|animal}} life. {{wp|Mammal}} species native to Senria include the {{wp|Ussuri brown bear|Yuusuu brown bear}}, {{wp|red fox}}, {{wp|Raccoon dog|tanuki}}, {{wp|Japanese marten|Senrian marten}}, {{wp|Steller sea lion|Steller's sea lion}}, {{wp|sika deer}}, {{wp|Japanese serow|Senrian serow}}, {{wp|Ryukyu flying fox|Isotama flying fox}}, and {{wp|Japanese macaque|Senrian macaque}}.  Native species of {{wp|bird}} include the {{wp|golden eagle}}, {{wp|Japanese sparrowhawk|Senrian sparrowhawk}}, {{wp|Blakiston's fish owl}}, {{wp|red-crowned crane}}, {{wp|Japanese green woodpecker|Senrian woodpecker}}, {{wp|green pheasant}}, {{wp|Oriental turtle dove|Austral turtledove}}, and {{wp|Japanese quail|Senrian quail}}. {{wp|Reptile|Reptiles}} native to Senria include the {{wp|loggerhead sea turtle}}, {{wp|Japanese pond turtle|Senrian pond turtle}}, {{wp|Black-banded sea krait|Shangean sea snake}}, {{wp|Protobothrops flavoviridis|Isotaman habu}}, {{wp|Mamushi|Senrian pit viper}}, {{wp|Achalinus formosanus|Isigaki's odd-scaled snake}}, and {{wp|Viviparous lizard|common lizard}}. Senria is home to at least forty species of {{wp|amphibian}}; the most famous of these is the {{wp|Japanese giant salamander|Senrian giant salamander}}, the third-largest species of salamander in the world. With regards to {{wp|Insect|insects}}, Senria has more than 300 species of {{wp|butterfly}}, more than 1,000 species of {{wp|moth}}, and 190 species of {{wp|dragonfly}}; the country is also known for its {{wp|Cicada|cicadas}}, {{wp|Firefly|fireflies}}, {{wp|Cricket (insect)|crickets}}, and {{wp|Asian giant hornet|hornets}}. Senria is home to more than 3,000 species of {{wp|fish}}, including the {{wp|ayu}}, {{wp|common carp}}, {{wp|Oncorhynchus masou|cherry salmon}}, {{wp|Sakhalin taimen|Senrian taimen}}, {{wp|red seabream}}, {{wp|whitespotted conger}}, {{wp|Pacific saury|Lumine saury}}, {{wp|Pacific bluefin tuna|Lumine bluefin tuna}}, and {{wp|Japanese sea bass|Senrian sea bass}}.
 
===Environment===
{{Main|Environmental issues in Senria}}
Senria suffered severe environmental degradation between the 1930s and 1970s, with environmental concerns downplayed by the Senrian government in favor of an emphasis on rapid {{wp|industrialization}} and maximizing {{wp|economic growth}}. This had serious consequences, both for the integrity of the environment and public health. Between the 1950s and 1970s, improper handling of {{wp|industrial waste}} by Senrian corporations and {{wp|Contamination|chemical contamination}} resulting from unsafe working conditions, corporate error, or deliberate {{wp|Adulterant|adulteration}} caused a spate of man-made {{wp|Disease|diseases}} and {{wp|List of mass poisoning incidents|mass poisonings}} popularly known as the [[Six Big Man-made Diseases]] - {{wp|Itai-itai disease|cadmium poisoning}}, {{wp|Minamata disease|methylmercury}} {{wp|Niigata Minamata disease|poisoning}}, {{wp|Yokkaichi asthma|sulfur dioxide poisoning}}, {{wp|Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident|arsenic poisoning}}, {{wp|Diethylene glycol#2006 – China|diethylene}} {{wp|Toxic cough syrup|glycol poisoning}}, and {{wp|Yushō disease|polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning}}. In response to increasingly widespread public anger, efforts to address the issue were made by the government of [[Tokiyasu Kitamura]] through legislation and court action in the early 1960s, but many of these measures lapsed or were overturned during the subsequent government of [[Takesi Takahata]]. A renewed push for environmental protection legislation occurred in the 1980s, and several laws aimed at limiting pollution, protecting consumers, and expanding Senria's [[National parks of Senria|national park system]] were passed with the assent of [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] [[Kiyosi Haruna]]; these laws served as the basis for stricter legislation passed during the premiership of [[Sigesato Izumi]].
 
Nonetheless, several issues persist. {{wp|Air pollution}} remains a serious problem in Senria, particularly {{wp|Smog|photochemical smog}} caused by industrial fumes, vehicular emissions, and the incineration of garbage. Senria is a major consumer of {{wp|fossil fuels}}; in 2017, roughly 75% of the country's {{wp|Electricity generation|electricity production}} came from {{wp|coal}}, {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, or {{wp|natural gas}}. This use of fossil fuels contributes both to the country's own air pollution and to global {{wp|climate change}}. While strict standards for the cleanliness of drinking water and treated wastewater have been successfully implemented, {{wp|water pollution}} is still a persistent issue, with the damage to aquatic ecosystems being compounded by {{wp|overfishing}}, {{wp|eutrophication}}, {{wp|Algal bloom|algal blooms}}, and the destruction of coastal ecosystems by land reclamation efforts. Environmental watchdog groups have alleged that the country's environmental regulations have been poorly and inconsistently enforced by the governments of [[Hayato Nisimura]] and [[Reika Okura]]. The continued practice of {{wp|whaling}}, defended by the Senrian government as a scientific necessity and a cultural tradition, is a source of international controversy. Senria's government has also been accused of participating in and funding the {{wp|Climate change denial|denial of climate change}}.
 
The Senrian government has responded to criticism by claiming that the critiques put forward by environmentalists exaggerate the scale of environmental issues within the country, insisting that Senrian environmental protection legislation is strictly enforced and alleging that claims to the contrary are invented or amplified by {{wp|bad faith}} actors, particularly the government of [[Shangea]]. It has also pointed to the funding put by both the Senrian government and Senrian companies into {{wp|Environmental technology|green technology}}. Since 2010, the government has also overseen reforestation campaigns aimed at restoring local environments and preventing erosion.
 
==Politics==
{{Main|Politics of Senria|Government of Senria}}
[[File:Tomomi Inada 2017.jpg|160px|right|thumb|[[Reika Okura]] has been [[Prime Minister of Senria]] since 2018.]]
===Governance===
 
Senria is legally established as a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}} and, accordingly, the country is sometimes characterized as the most populous {{wp|democracy}} in the [[Kylaris|world]]. The Republic of Senria was originally formed in 1918, following the start of the [[Senrian Revolution]]; however, the country's current [[Constitution of Senria|constitution]] was not written until 1933. In practice, Senria is often characterized as a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} or as a [[Southern democracy]] as a result of the longstanding preeminence of the [[Aikokutou]], which has ruled the country in some form since 1927.
 
Senria's {{wp|legislature}}, the [[National Assembly (Senria)|National Assembly]], is a {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral}} {{wp|parliament}} which consists of 545 members who are {{wp|Direct elections|directly elected}} for {{wp|Single-member district|single-member districts}} every five years. These elections use a {{wp|two-round system}} in which candidates that get at least 15% of the vote proceed to the second round. The day-to-day operation of the National Assembly is handled by the [[National Assembly (Senria)#Officers|Chairman of the National Assembly]], elected by the National Assembly from among its membership; the chairmanship is currently held by [[Seitarou Nakagawa]], who was first elected to the position in 2013. Thirteen political parties are currently represented in the National Assembly; three of these - the [[Aikokutou]], [[Justice Party (Senria)|Justice Party]], and [[Reimeisa]] - form a political alliance known as the [[Kokuminsa]], the country's {{wp|Coalition government|governing coalition}}, ''de facto'' dominated by the Aikokutou.
 
The National Assembly also selects the [[Prime Minister of Senria]], who is traditionally the leader of the largest party within the legislature. The premiership of Senria is unique in that the Prime Minister is both {{wp|head of government}} and {{wp|head of state}}, instead of being only the former; this differentiates Senria from most other parliamentary republics and emerged as a result of the negotiations that surrounded the drafting of the country's constitution. They are also the country's {{wp|chief executive}} and the {{wp|commander in chief}} of the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]], and appoint the members of the [[Cabinet of Senria]]. After being approved by a majority vote of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister holds the position for the remainder of the National Assembly's term, unless removed from office early by resignation, death, or a {{wp|motion of no confidence}}. Senria's current prime minister is [[Reika Okura]] of the Aikokutou, the ninth person and first woman to hold the office, elected to the position following the [[2018 Senrian general election]].
[[File:Taipei Taiwan Judicial-Yuan-01.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Senria's [[National Assembly Building of Senria|National Assembly Building]], located in [[Keisi]].]]
While Senria's legal system was historically heavily influenced by a mixture of {{wp|Chinese law|Shangean law}} and {{wp|Law of Japan#Historical developments|local traditions}}, the modern Senrian legal system - following the [[Keiou Restoration]] and the [[Senrian Revolution]] - is primarily based upon [[Euclea|Euclean]] {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}}. The primary body of Senrian law is known as the {{wp|Six Codes}}, consisting of the country's constitution, civil code, code of civil procedure, criminal code, code of criminal procedure, and commercial code. The Senrian judiciary has four levels of court: summary courts, district courts, high courts, and the [[Supreme Court of Senria]]. The judiciary is constitutionally established as independent from the executive and the legislature and the Supreme Court is accorded some powers of {{wp|judicial review}}. Judges, including supreme court justices, are nominated by the prime minister and confirmed by a majority vote in the national assembly, holding office until their resignation or death.
 
While Senria has {{wp|universal suffrage}} for all adults over eighteen years of age, the {{wp|secret ballot}}, and certain constitutional safeguards for {{wp|civil and political rights}}, it also has a long contemporary history of authoritarian rule and is regarded by many scholars as an {{wp|illiberal democracy|illiberal}} or [[Southern democracy]]. Most of Senria's prime ministers before 1983 were ''de facto'' {{wp|Military dictatorship|military dictators}} who tightly controlled political life and used the Aikokutou as a means of {{wp|mass mobilization}} and to provide their rule with a veneer of legitimacy; while {{wp|civilian control of the military}} was entrenched in the 1980s and 1990s by the government of [[Kiyosi Haruna]], who also oversaw a period of political liberalization, Senria continues to be a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} in which power is concentrated in the leadership of the Aikokutou. The country has a mixed record on {{wp|freedom of speech}}, with dissidents and opposition figures sometimes facing legal or extralegal harassment, and {{wp|freedom of the press}} is ''de facto'' limited as a result of close ties between the government and much of the Senrian media. {{wp|Corruption}} is endemic within the upper levels of Senrian governance, though corrupt behavior at the lower levels is routinely punished; Senrian politics are also marked by {{wp|nepotism}} and {{wp|cronyism}}, and these features, combined with the role that the Aikokutou has played in shaping the makeup of Senria's bureaucracy and judiciary and the Aikokutou's close ties to Senria's {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} and alleged ties to certain {{wp|yakuza}} groups, have led some observers to argue that Senria has a nationalistic, illiberal {{wp|deep state}}. The Senrian government has largely rejected criticism that it is illiberal or undemocratic, arguing that Senria is "a democratic republic in line with [[Imaharism|Imaharist]] doctrine" and claiming that negative reports on human and civil rights in Senria "routinely contain serious misrepresentations and factual errors".
 
===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Prefectures of Senria|Municipalities of Senria}}
Senria is divided into sixty-four [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]] ({{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀}}, ''ken''; {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}}: {{lang|ja|県}}). Each prefecture is run by a governor and a unicameral prefectural assembly, both {{wp|Direct election|directly elected}} every five years. Prefectural governments are tasked with the organization of schools and hospitals, maintaining infrastructure and managing urban planning, handling administrative affairs, and overseeing local emergency services, including the local branches of the [[Keisatutou|National Police]]. Prefectures also have a limited ability to pass local regulations and ordinances. However, as Senria is a {{wp|unitary state}}, this authority is limited; there must be a national statutory basis for local ordinances, and local ordinances are forbidden from having penalties greater than two years in prison and a fine of ¥1 million. The autonomy of prefectures is further limited by the fact that prefectures are only permitted to operate autonomously within the often-tight framework established by national law, and by the financial dependence of prefectures upon the central government.
[[File:Senria prefect tradregion iiwiki.png|350px|right|thumb|A map of Senria's [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]], colored according to their [[Traditional regions of Senria|traditional region]].]]
Prefectures are further subdivided into [[Municipalities of Senria|municipalities]]. Senrian law establishes three types of municipality: cities ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|씨}}, ''si''; {{lang|ja|市}}), towns ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|마띠}}, ''mati''; {{lang|ja|町}}), and villages ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|무라}}, ''mura''; {{lang|ja|村}}). Cities are divided into a further set of categories based on population; larger cities are granted greater autonomy and authority, sometimes approaching the authority accorded to prefectural governments, and the ability to subdivide themselves into wards ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾸}}, ''ku''; {{lang|ja|区}}). Towns and villages have little autonomy but are permitted to govern themselves by a {{wp|Popular assembly|general assembly of citizens}} as opposed to a {{wp|Mayor–council government|mayor-council system}}.
 
====Traditional regions====
{{Main|Traditional regions of Senria}}
Traditionally, Senria was divided into twenty-one [[Traditional regions of Senria|regions]] ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|띠호우}}, ''tihou''; {{lang|ja|地方}}) or circuits ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|도우}}, ''dou''; {{lang|ja|道}}), which were further subdivided into districts ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|군}}, ''gun''; {{lang|ja|郡}}); these regions and districts were the country's ''de jure'' administrative subdivisions throughout the classical, medieval, and early modern periods, though in practice they were often overshadowed or superseded by the private estates of daimyou ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|한}}, ''han''; {{lang|ja|藩}}). Senrian [[Monarchy of Senria|emperors]] would regularly legitimize the authority of certain powerful daimyou by granting them symbolic dominion over the region where their domains were located.
 
''Han'' were abolished following the [[Keiou Restoration]], and both the traditional regions and districts were formally dissolved following the [[Senrian Revolution]]; as a result, these historic divisions retain no official status or function within contemporary Senria. In practice, however, the country's traditional regions are at times used for statistical purposes by both private and public groups, and they sometimes appear in geography textbooks, maps, and weather reports. Additionally, some government offices organize their geographical subdivisions to correspond with traditional regions, and many private businesses and institutions include their "home region" within their name. They also retain a degree of cultural relevance, with certain traditional regions being associated with certain stereotypes.
[[File:Prime Minister of Thailand on a High Speed 1 train (8182803654).jpg|275px|left|thumb|[[Ministry of Rites (Senria)|Minister of Rites]] [[Yumi Takamatu]] during a 2018 state visit to [[Estmere]].]]
===Foreign relations===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Senria}}
Senria is a founding member of the [[Community of Nations]] and serves as one of the permanent members of the [[Community of Nations#Security Committee|Community of Nations Security Committee]]; the {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}} is one of the official languages of the CN. Senria is a prominent member of the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], [[International Trade Organization]], and [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]], and the leading power behind the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]], [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization]], and [[Council for Mutual Development]]. The country also has warm ties with, but is not an official member or observer of, the [[Euclean Community]] and the [[North Vehemens Organization]]. On account of its large population, economic and military power, and global cultural clout, many observers have labelled Senria as a [[Superpower (Kylaris)|potential superpower]]. The country's foreign affairs are handled by the [[Ministry of Rites (Senria)|Ministry of Rites]].
 
Senria is generally regarded as having warm relations with the leading countries of the [[Euclean Community]]. The country has longstanding diplomatic ties, dating back to the [[Senrian Revolution]] and the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], with [[Werania]] and with [[Estmere]], sometimes considered to be Senria's "traditional allies". Senro-Estmerish relations are particularly close; Senria and Estmere are sometimes regarded as having a {{wp|Special relationship|"special relationship"}} on account of their warm diplomatic relations over the past 150 years. Senria's relationship with [[Gaullica]] is not as strong, Gaullica having historically been an ally of Shangea, but the relationship between the two is typically cordial in the present day. Outside of the Euclean Community, Senria has a longstanding relationship with [[Etruria]]; this relationship is commonly regarded as having grown increasingly close since the rise of the [[Tribune Movement]] in Etruria as a result of ideological similarities between the Tribunes and [[Aikokutou]]. The country is also a part of the "Translumine Triangle", or "Three Ss", alongside [[Soravia]] and [[Satucin]]. These relationships with Euclean and Asterian nations are important for Senria not only politically, but also economically; many of these countries serve as important markets for Senrian-made goods and products. On account of the importance of exports to the Senrian economy, Senria tends to pursue {{wp|free trade}} on the global stage.
[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 08.jpg|285px|right|thumb|Senrian [[Prime Minister of Senria|prime minister]] [[Hayato Nisimura]] with [[Shangea|Shangean]] [[Premier of Shangea|premier]] [[Jiang Zhongyu]] in 2014.]]
Through [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]], the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]], and [[Council for Mutual Development|COMDEV]], Senria has close diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military ties with many countries in [[Coius]]. [[Baekjeong]] is sometimes considered "Senria's closest Coian ally", the two nations having been closely aligned since Baekjeong's independence from Gaullica. Since the Shangean invasion of [[Kuthina]] in 2007, Senro-Kuthine ties have become increasingly close. Senria is politically and economically involved in [[Satria]], where it has attempted largely unsuccessfully to initiate negotiations between [[Arthasthan]] and [[Padaratha]] over the issue of [[Minkathala]], and has played an increasingly large role in [[Bahia]] in recent years, with Senria providing substantial {{wp|development aid}} either directly or through COMDEV and Senrian companies increasingly {{wp|offshoring|outsourcing}} manufacturing jobs to Bahia as Senria shifts more towards the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector}}.
 
Senria's relationship with [[Shangea]] is its most ancient, complicated, and acrimonious. Senro-Shangean relations have generally been hostile since the 1860s, and both Senria and Shangea regard the {{wp|containment}} of the other as a geopolitical priority; SAMSO, the BCO, and COMDEV are widely regarded as rivals or competitors to the Shangean-dominated [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation|Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organization]] and [[International Forum for Developing States]]. Causes for Senro-Shangean enmity include geopolitical rivalry for hegemony in southern Coius, economic competition, the unilateral abrogation of the [[Treaty of Keisi]] by Shangea, and Shangean denialism of the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The two countries are also engaged in a territorial dispute over the [[Sunahama Islands]], claimed by Shangea as the "Haishe Islands". While there have been efforts to promote bilateral negotiation between the countries, most notably the [[Nuclear Arms Limitation and Non-proliferation Talks]], these efforts have stalled in the past decade. Similarly, Senria tends to have poor relations with countries that are regarded as Shangean allies, such as the [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics]] and [[Ajahadya]], though these relations are not as uniformly hostile, and certain Senrian administrations have attempted to "pry away" these nations from Shangea, with little success.
 
Relations between Senria and {{wp|Socialism|socialist}} nations (such as [[Kirenia]] and [[Dezevau]]) and organizations (such as the [[Association for International Socialism]] and [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]]) are generally tepid at best on account of economic and ideological differences. However, there are some socialist countries in Senria's diplomatic orbit, most notably Arthasthan, and Senrian governments have generally placed a greater focus upon opposing Shangea and Shangean influence than containing socialism.
[[File:Pacific Vanguard 20.jpg|265px|left|thumb|The [[Senrian Republican Navy]] is a leading {{wp|blue-water navy}}.]]
===Military, intelligence, and law enforcement===
{{Main|Senrian Republican Armed Forces|Law enforcement in Senria}}
Longstanding Senro-Shangean tensions have prompted to Senria to allocate substantial attention to the Senrian military, known as the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]] or Senkyougun, which is one of the largest and best-funded standing militaries in the [[Kylaris|world]] as a result. The Senrian Republican Armed Forces consists of three branches: the [[Senrian Republican Army]], [[Senrian Republican Navy]], and [[Senrian Republican Air Force]]; the country's navy and air force in particular are among the country's most important tools of power projection. The Senrian military engages in technology and intelligence sharing with its military allies in the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]], and the Senrian military operates deployments in other SAMSO member states.
 
The [[Ministry of Defense (Senria)|Ministry of Defense]] handles the day-to-day operation of the army while the prime minister serves as the formal {{wp|commander in chief}} of the armed forces; both the minister of defense and prime minister are advised by the military's [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces#Structure|chief of staff]]. Senrian law permits the {{wp|conscription}} of all male citizens between ages 16 and 32; however, as of 2021, the Senrian military operates as a {{wp|Volunteer military|all-volunteer force}}.
 
Senria possesses {{wp|Nuclear weapon|nuclear weapons}} and is one of the world's nine [[List of countries with nuclear weapons (Kylaris)|nuclear states]], operating a full {{wp|nuclear triad}} structure. The country first successfully tested a nuclear bomb in 1964. Senria is a signatory of the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] and one of the seven nations authorized by the treaty to maintain a nuclear arsenal. The Senrian government and military insist that the country does not maintain any stockpiles of {{wp|Biological warfare|biological}} or {{wp|Chemical warfare|chemical weapons}}, in accordance with international law, though some international analysts have argued that Senria is likely maintaining such arsenals, or the ability to quickly establish them in wartime, in secret.
 
Domestic law enforcement in Senria is primarily handled by the [[National Police Agency (Senria)|National Police Agency]], or Keisatutou, and its network of prefectural police bureaus. The Keisatutou cooperates heavily with the [[Public Safety Bureau (Senria)|Public Safety Bureau]], which oversees various matters of {{wp|public safety}} such as {{wp|Emergency service|emergency services}} and {{wp|Emergency management|disaster preparedness & management}}; the [[Customs and Tariffs Bureau (Senria)|Customs and Tariffs Bureau]], the country's {{wp|border control}} agency; and the [[Senria Coast Guard]], which handles {{wp|Maritime Security Regimes|maritime security}} and {{wp|search and rescue}}.
 
Senria's primary {{wp|intelligence agency}} is the [[Tokkeitai|Special Police Corps]], commonly referred to as the Tokkeitai. The Tokkeitai hold purview over both domestic and foreign intelligence, and historically also functioned as the country's {{wp|secret police}}. Other Senrian intelligence agencies include the [[Gunzoutai|Military Intelligence Corps]], or Gunzoutai, which has divisions in each branch of the Senrian armed forces and handles {{wp|military intelligence|military}} and {{wp|signals intelligence}}; the [[Security Bureau (Senria)|Security Bureau]], part of the National Police Agency, specialized in {{wp|counter-intelligence}}, {{wp|counter-terrorism}}, and responding to {{wp|cybercrime}}; and the [[Cabinet Research Office (Senria)|Cabinet Research Office]], a comparatively small agency which answers directly to the prime minister.
 
==Economy==
[[File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg|265px|right|thumb|[[Keisi]] is Senria's foremost {{wp|financial center}}.]]
{{Main|Economy of Senria}}
With a {{wp|Gross domestic product|nominal GDP}} of $3.808 trillion and a {{wp|Purchasing power parity|GDP PPP}} of $7.418 trillion, Senria is the second largest economy in the [[Kylaris|world]] as of 2015, behind [[Shangea]] and ahead of [[Gaullica]]. The country has a {{wp|Human Development Index}} score of .863 and a {{wp|Gini coefficient}} of 42.1, reflecting a high {{wp|standard of living}} coupled with pronounced {{wp|income inequality}}. The country had an {{wp|unemployment rate}} of 5.3%, with unemployment among 15-to-24-year-olds at 11.4%, as of the fourth quarter of 2020. In 2015, 4.1% of the Senrian labor force was employed in {{wp|Primary sector of the economy|agriculture}}, 33.6% were employed in {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing and industry}}, and 62.3% were employed in the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector}}. The country, one of the world's largest {{wp|Manufacturing|manufacturing economies}} and {{wp|Consumer|consumer markets}}, is both a major {{wp|Import|importer}} and {{wp|Export|exporter}} of goods; the country usually runs a trade surplus.
 
Senria has a {{wp|market economy}}, and is variously classed as either an {{wp|Developing country|emerging}}, {{wp|Newly industrialized country|middle-income}}, or {{wp|developed country}}, depending on the exact definition and metrics used for classification. Senria's economy is marked by the dominance of a handful of major {{wp|Corporate group|corporate conglomerates}} known as {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}}, which have close, and often corrupt, relations with the [[Government of Senria|Senrian government]]; Senrian capitalism is also notable for its emphasis on {{wp|Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates|simultaneous recruitment of graduates}}, {{wp|Permanent employment|lifetime employment}}, {{wp|Seniority|seniority in promotions}}, and {{wp|Japanese work environment#Working conditions|extreme working hours}}. While Senria's economy is generally strong, its growth has steadily slowed since the turn of the century; some areas of the country have struggled with {{wp|deindustrialization}} as the Senrian service sector becomes increasingly important and manufacturing jobs are {{wp|Offshoring|outsourced}}, and many analysts believe the country risks falling into the {{wp|middle income trap}}. The difficulties associated with Senrian economic conditions, alongside endemic {{wp|social inequality|social}} and {{wp|economic inequality}}, have led to the emergence of the so-called "[[Give-up Generation]]" among young Senrians.
[[File:加美町岩座神棚田P6250514.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Terraced {{wp|Rice paddy|rice paddies}} in western [[Simomoto Prefecture]].]]
Senria's currency is the [[Senrian yen|yen]], which is among the most traded currencies in the {{wp|foreign exchange market}} and a major {{wp|reserve currency}}. Its {{wp|central bank}} is the [[Bank of Senria]], sometimes referred to as the Sengin for short.
 
===Agriculture and fishery===
 
The Senrian agricultural sector employs about 4 percent of the Senrian workforce and represents roughly 1.4% of the country's gross domestic product. Senrian agriculture is limited by the country's mountainous terrain and extreme {{wp|urbanization}}, which limits the amount of land available for {{wp|Tillage|cultivation}} to only about 20% of Senria's land area; as a result, practices such as {{wp|Terrace (earthworks)|terracing}}, {{wp|Multiple cropping|multicropping}}, {{wp|intercropping}}, and {{wp|intensive farming}} are used to maximize the output of what {{wp|arable land}} Senria has. These practices mean that Senria has very high crop yields per unit area. For largely the same reasons, Senria's agricultural sector is heavily {{wp|Protectionism|protected}} and {{wp|Subsidy|subsidized}}.
 
Agriculture once dominated the Senrian economy; farming accounted for 80% of the country's employment in 1870, and between 45 and 50 percent of Senrian households made a living from farming in 1925. However, the economic importance of agriculture declined precipitously throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with farming families largely turning to nonfarming activities or moving into the country's rapidly growing cities to seek higher-paying industrial jobs. This decline in {{wp|Family farm|family farming}} has seen a corresponding rise in {{wp|factory farming}} by {{wp|agribusiness|agribusinesses}}, though family farms continue to compose a majority of Senrian farms.
 
{{wp|Staple food|Staple crop}} production in Senria is dominated by {{wp|rice}}, which represents a supermajority of the country's cereal production; other important cereal crops include {{wp|Soybean|soybeans}}, {{wp|wheat}}, {{wp|barley}}, and {{wp|buckwheat}}. Senria is also a noteworthy producer of {{wp|Camellia sinensis|tea}}, {{wp|Sugar beet|sugar beets}}, {{wp|cabbage}}, {{wp|Onion|onions}}, {{wp|Pea|peas}}, {{wp|Eggplant|eggplants}}, {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki beans}}, {{wp|Persimmon|persimmons}}, {{wp|Tangerine|tangerines}}, {{wp|Apple|apples}}, {{wp|Cherry|cherries}}, {{wp|Plum|plums}}, {{wp|Peach|peaches}}, and {{wp|Cucumis melo|melons}}. The raising of {{wp|livestock}} is a relatively minor activity, on account both of the country's limited arable land and a traditional cultural aversion to {{wp|Animal slaughter|animal slaughtering}} as "unclean", though these norms have largely broken down in the past 150 years. {{wp|Poultry}} forms the bulk of Senria's non-fish meat production, followed by {{wp|pork}} and {{wp|beef}}.
 
{{wp|Fishery}} and {{wp|aquaculture}} are important to Senria both economically and culturally. Senria maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly a fifth of the global catch; {{wp|freshwater}} fishing and aquaculture represents about 30% of the country's fishing industry, with {{wp|saltwater}} fishing and aquaculture comprising the remainder. Important species of {{wp|fish}} and {{wp|shellfish}} caught or raised in Senria include {{wp|tuna}}, {{wp|salmon}}, {{wp|mackerel}}, {{wp|pollock}}, {{wp|Japanese amberjack|amberjack}}, {{wp|Sardine|sardines}}, {{wp|Clam|clams}}, {{wp|Crab|crabs}}, {{wp|shrimp}}, {{wp|squid}}, and {{wp|Octopus|octopi}}. Senria's fishing industry is internationally controversial; its scale has sparked concerns of {{wp|overfishing}}, particularly of endangered species, and the continued practice of {{wp|whaling}} has drawn the ire of environmentalist groups.
 
===Mining and forestry===
 
Mining is an insignificant sector of the Senrian economy, as the Senrian archipelago has very little in the way of mineral deposits. The country has some deposits of {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|gold}}, and {{wp|silver}}, as well as {{wp|coal}} and {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, but none of these are particularly significant. Senria is, however, a leading producer of {{wp|iodine}}, {{wp|bismuth}}, {{wp|sulfur}}, and {{wp|gypsum}}. Surveying efforts suggest that the country's seabed could potentially contain large deposits of {{wp|Rare-earth element|rare-earth elements}} and {{wp|methane clathrate}}, though these deposits are not easily exploitable with current technology.
[[File:Tonen Chemical Kombinat, Kawasaki.jpg|275px|right|thumb|Chemical factories near the [[Tama Canal]] in eastern [[Tosei]].]]
Senria's forestry sector is limited in size, even though much of the country is forested, on account of the country's rough terrain; forestry comprises only 0.04% of Senria's gross domestic product as of 2015. Nonetheless, Senrian {{wp|Tree farm|tree farms}} grow a variety of trees for lumber, including {{wp|Cryptomeria|cedar}}, {{wp|Chamaecyparis obtusa|cypress}}, {{wp|Picea jezoensis|spruce}}, and both {{wp|Pinus densiflora|red}} and {{wp|Pinus thunbergii|black}} pine.
 
===Industry===
 
Industry accounts for 43.9% of Senria's gross domestic product and employs 33.6% of the Senrian workforce; the country's manufacturing output is one of the highest in the world. Senrian industry is concentrated in several locations, with the greater metropolitan areas of [[Keisi]], [[Tosei]], [[Isikawa]], [[Ubeyama]], [[Nisiyama]], and [[Ukyou]] all serving as major industrial centers and strings of smaller industrial towns existing on the routes between these major cities. While efforts at {{wp|industrialization}} began following the [[Keiou Restoration]], it was ultimately during and after the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] that the country industrialized, becoming a major industrial power during the postwar period; this industrial boom was the backbone of the [[Keizaikiseki]], the country's postwar {{wp|economic miracle}}.
 
Senrian industry is largely dependent on imported {{wp|Raw material|raw materials}} and {{wp|Fuel|fuels}} on account of Senria's limited mineral resources; it is also regarded as being particularly {{wp|High tech|high-tech}}, making use of technologically advanced manufacturing techniques. In the past 20 years, an increasing number of Senrian industrial jobs - particularly low-skill jobs - have been {{wp|Offshoring|outsourced}} as the country's service sector becomes increasingly prominent. Nonetheless, Senria's manufacturing and industrial sector remains large and highly diversified; key export industries include {{wp|Automobile|automobiles}}, {{wp|Computer|computers}}, {{wp|consumer electronics}}, {{wp|Semiconductor|semiconductors}}, {{wp|machinery}}, {{wp|metallurgy}} (particularly the refining of {{wp|copper}} and the production of {{wp|steel}}), {{wp|Chemical industry|chemicals}}, {{wp|Arms industry|arms and armaments}}, {{wp|shipbuilding}}, {{wp|Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace}}, {{wp|Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals}}, {{wp|Textile industry|textiles}} and {{wp|Clothing industry|garments}}, and {{wp|food processing}}.
 
===Services and commerce===
 
Senria's service industries are a major contributor to the national economy, representing 54.7% of the country's gross domestic product, and are the country's fastest-growing economic sector; the service sector as a whole now employs more than sixty percent of the Senrian workforce. {{wp|Wholesaling|Wholesale}} and {{wp|retail}} trade are largely dominant in this area; however, Senria also has substantial {{wp|advertising}}, {{wp|data processing}}, {{wp|information technology}}, {{wp|real estate}}, and {{wp|Leisure industry|leisure}} industries. During the early and mid-20th centuries, these sectors - particularly retail - were largely dominated by {{wp|Small business|small businesses}}, but {{wp|globalization}}, rising land prices, and government collaboration with the {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} resulted in the steady decline of these small businesses, with "waves" of consolidation occurring in the 1960s and 1980s-1990s. This tendency also intensified in the aftermath of the [[2005 Kylarite economic crisis|2005 global economic crisis]], which larger businesses weathered more successfully.
[[File:Osaka-Securities-Exchange-01.jpg|165px|left|thumb|The [[Keisi Stock Exchange]] in 2006.]]
The Senrian financial sector is one of the country's largest and most profitable economic sectors. [[Keisi]] is Senria's financial center and one of the leading financial centers in southern [[Coius]], rivalled only by [[Jindao]]; the [[Keisi Stock Exchange]] is among the largest {{wp|Stock exchange|stock exchanges}} in the world by {{wp|market capitalization}}, listing more than 2,300 companies, and the [[Senkei Stock Average]], or Senkei 300, is one of the most important {{wp|Stock market index|stock market indices}} globally. Other major stock exchanges in Senria include the [[Tosei Stock Exchange]], [[Isikawa Stock Exchange]], [[Ueda Stock Exchange]], and [[Ukyou Securities Exchange]].
 
Senria's {{wp|financial services}} sector encompasses several major {{wp|Bank|banks}}, {{wp|Insurance|insurance}} companies, {{wp|accounting}} companies, {{wp|Investing|investment funds}}, {{wp|Broker|brokerage firms}}, {{wp|Credit bureau|credit bureaus}}, {{wp|Holding company|holding companies}}, and {{wp|Foreign exchange company|foreign exchange companies}}. Senria's government charters and operates the country's {{wp|central bank}}, the [[Bank of Senria]], and the [[Senria Post Bank]], which exist alongside several major private {{wp|Commercial bank|commercial banks}}.
 
The Senrian banking system is typically regarded as uniquely stable on account of the close ties between the country's major corporate conglomerates, which create a "support structure" that minimizes the risk of any member of the system going under through the joint management of {{wp|liquidity}} and risk to {{wp|Asset|assets}} or {{wp|Liability|liabilities}}. However, some foreign analysts have cautioned that this risks creating a situation in which, should a severe economic crisis emerge, the entirety of the Senrian financial sector would function as a singular "{{wp|Too big to fail|too big to fail}}" entity, with potentially catastrophic consequences should it go under.
 
===Infrastructure===
 
====Media and telecommunications====
 
Senria has six major national daily {{wp|Newspaper|newspapers}} - the ''[[Mainiti Sinbun]]'', ''[[Tuusen Sinbun]]'', ''[[Kokugi Sinbun]]'', ''[[Senkei Sinbun]]'', ''[[Kyouwa Sinbun]]'', and ''[[Senkan Sinbun]]''. The ''Mainiti Sinbun'' and ''Tuusen Sinbun'' are typically classed as conservative, the ''Kokugi Sinbun'' as right-wing nationalist, the ''Senkei Sinbun'' as economically liberal, and the ''Kyouwa Sinbun'' and ''Senkan Sinbun'' as center-left to left-wing. The ''Mainiti Sinbun'' is also typically considered to be Senria's {{wp|newspaper of record}}. The country also has a variety of regional and local papers including the ''[[Keisi Sinbun]]'', ''[[Tosei Sinbun]]'', ''[[Nisisenryuu Sinbun]]'', and ''[[Tousuu Sinbun]]''. Foreign language newspapers published in Senria include the {{wp|English language|Estmerish-language}} ''[[Senria Daily Post]]'' & ''[[Senria Today]]'' and the {{wp|French language|Gaullican-language}} ''[[Courrier de Keisi]]''. {{wp|Magazine|Magazines}} in Senria are typically divided between weekly magazines, or ''suukansi'', and monthly magazines, or ''gekkansi''; many Senrian newspaper companies also publish weekly or monthly {{wp|Newsmagazine|newsmagazines}}. The most prominent foreign-language magazine published in Senria is ''[[La Senrie]]'', which is published in both Gaullican and Estmerish and features a mixture of journalism, criticism, commentary, and fiction.
[[File:国産 電子 たばこ お試し 出来ます！ 2015-08 (19913069044).jpg|285px|right|thumb|A {{wp|Newsagent's shop|newsstand}} located outside [[Kasaoka]]'s [[Kasaoka Station|central train station]].]]
Senria's {{wp|Public broadcasting|public broadcaster}} is the Senrian Broadcasting Corporation, more commonly referred to as [[SHK]]. SHK was founded in 1925 and currently operates three {{wp|terrestrial television}} channels ([[SHK TV 1]], [[SHK TV 2]], and [[SHK Educational TV]]), two {{wp|AM broadcasting|AM}} radio stations ([[SHK Radio 1]] and [[SHK Radio 2]]), and one {{wp|FM broadcasting|FM}} radio station ([[SHK Radio 3]]), as well as the [[SHK World Service]] for international audiences. Major private {{wp|Radio broadcasting|radio networks}} in Senria include the [[Senria Radio Network]], [[Daisenryuu Broadcasting System]], [[Radio Senkei]], [[Senrian FM Radio System]], and [[Keisi Interwave FM]]; major commercial {{wp|Television broadcasting|television networks}} include the [[Senrian Television Broadcasting System]], [[Senzou Network System]], [[Zensenryuu TV]], and [[TV Keisi Network]]. The [[Telegraph Agency of Senria]] is the country's primary {{wp|News agency|wire service}}.
 
While the Senrian government ended the country's {{wp|Censorship#By media|press censorship}} during the premiership of [[Kiyosi Haruna]], resulting in a large increase in the number of news outlets operating in Senria, international watchdogs and non-profit organizations have alleged that Senrian {{wp|Freedom of the press|press freedom}} suffers from close ties between the national government and many major {{wp|Media conglomerate|media corporations}}; these bonds allow the government to influence the tone of the coverage provided by the corporations in question. As many important Senrian newspapers, magazines, television networks, and radio broadcasters are affiliated with each other or owned by the same {{wp|Holding company|parent companies}}, this allows the Senrian government to control how news is reported without having to implement any formal restrictions on the press. Senrian dissidents sometimes derisively refer to Senria's mass media (''masukomi'') as "mass garbage" (''masugomi'') as a result.
 
Use of {{wp|social media}} is also widespread in Senria. The {{wp|instant messaging}} application [[MelonTalk (software)|MelonTalk]] is widely utilized domestically; internationally, however, Senria's most successful social media services are the {{wp|microblogging}} website [[Chirper (website)|Chirper]], which operates in Senria under the name Berinetto, and the {{wp|Online video platform|video-sharing}} and {{wp|Social networking service|social networking}} application [[Pinpin]], itself derived from the video-sharing platform [[Pinpin Douga]]. In addition, some major foreign social media services have also made footholds in the Senrian market.
 
Senria possesses one of the world's most advanced {{wp|telecommunications}} networks, with advanced broadcasting, telephone, and internet infrastructure broadly available nationwide. As a result of its leading role in technological research and the manufacturing of {{wp|consumer electronics}}, services such as {{wp|mobile broadband}} were widely available in Senria earlier than most other countries. {{wp|Mobile phone|Cell phones}} are ubiquitous in Senria; 67% of the Senrian population owned a {{wp|smartphone}} as of 2017, and the Senrian [[Department of Communications (Senria)|Department of Communications]] reported in 2013 that the number of mobile phones in Senria was larger than the country's total population. Penetration of {{wp|Internet}} service in Senria was measured at 92% of households and 99% of businesses as of 2019.
 
Under Senrian law, the government is required to own one-third of the shares in the [[Senrian Telegraph & Telephone Corporation]] and [[Senria Post Holdings Company]], both of which were originally {{wp|Statutory corporation|statutory companies}} turned into "private companies in public ownership" in the 1980s, in order to guarantee steady provision of their services to the general public.
 
====Transportation====
 
As of 2017, Senria had approximately 1,883,250 kilometers (1,170,200 miles) of roads, composed of roughly 1,584,100 kilometers (984,300 miles) of municipal roads, 201,800 kilometers (125,400 miles) of prefectural roads, 84,850 kilometers (52,700 miles) of national {{wp|Highway|highways}}, and 12,500 kilometers (7,750 miles) of national {{wp|Toll road|toll}} {{wp|Controlled-access highway|expressways}}. Just over 90% of Senria's roadways are paved as of 2020. Much of the country's modern road network was constructed during the 1950s and 1960s, when the Senrian government adopted a series of plans aimed at expanding and paving the country's road network, or during the 1980s, when both road passenger and freight transport expanded dramatically. Municipal and prefectural roads are managed by local authorities; the country's [[National highways of Senria|highway system]] is managed by the national government, while the country's [[Expressways of Senria|expressways]] are managed by the [[Zensenryuu Expressway Corporation]], a {{wp|state-owned enterprise}} originally founded as a {{wp|Statutory corporation|public corporation}} in the 1950s before being privatized in the 1980s. The expressway networks of the islands of [[Kousuu]], [[Kisima]], [[Kanasima]], [[Tousuu]], and [[Yuusuu]] are connected by bridges; [[Gyousuu]] has a separate network, and [[Rousima]], [[Narazima]], and [[Kurosima]] have one expressway each. The Senrian government maintains a series of designated rest areas known as {{wp|Roadside station|roadside stations}} alongside highways and prefectural roads, in order to provide travelers with a place to rest and to promote local tourism.
[[File:JR Central Shinkansen N700 Series passes Tamachi, Tokyo, Japan 17 03 20 (49669009511).jpg|275px|left|thumb|A 700-series {{wp|Shinkansen|sinkansen}} train passing through Tosei.]]
Though the relative share of railways in total passenger kilometers has fallen since the 1980s, rail remains a crucial means of passenger transport in Senria, particularly for mass transit, commuting, and high-speed travel. It is not nearly as important for freight, however; in 2017, only 6.2% of Senrian freight was transported by rail. The country has 42,132 kilometers (26,179 miles) of railway as of 2021, the large majority of which is {{wp|Narrow-gauge railway|narrow gauge}}, though a noteworthy proportion - particularly in newer sections of the country's rail network - is {{wp|Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge}}. The Senrian railway network connects all four main islands of the [[Senrian archipelago]] through a series of bridges and tunnels. The country's primary rail operator is the [[Senria Railways Company]] (or SR), a state-owned company which operates almost all {{wp|Inter-city rail|intercity rail}} services, though several private rail companies also exist and compete with SR on either the local or national level. Senria was a pioneer of {{wp|high-speed rail}}, with the first of the country's famous {{wp|Shinkansen|sinkansen}} lines opening in 1964; these lines now run along roughly 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles) of track and can run trains at up to 320 km/h (200 mph).
 
Senria also has several {{wp|Rapid transit|subway}} networks that operate in addition to its main rail lines. The largest of these is the [[Keisi Metro]], which is among the largest systems in the world by annual ridership. Other Senrian cities with subway systems include [[Ubeyama Metro|Ubeyama]], [[Isikawa Metro|Isikawa]], [[Tosei Metro|Tosei]], [[Nisiyama Subway|Nisiyama]], [[Kasaoka City Subway|Kasaoka]], [[Ueda Subway|Ueda]], [[Koriyama City Metro|Koriyama]], [[Hisakawa Subway|Hisakawa]], [[Ukyou Municipal Subway|Ukyou]], and [[Sakata Metro|Sakata]]. Additionally, several Senrian cities operate {{wp|commuter rail}}, {{wp|automated guideway transit}}, or {{wp|Tram|tramway}} systems. Most Senrian cities operate municipal {{wp|bus}} networks as part of their {{wp|public transit}} systems; {{wp|Intercity bus service|intercity bus}} services are offered by the [[SR Bus Company]], a subsidiary of Senria Railways, and by several private operators.
 
Senria has long been a {{wp|Seamanship|seafaring}} country on account of its status as an island nation, and waterborne transport remains important in Senria. The country had 1,011 designated ports as of 2014; of these, twenty-four were designated as "major international ports" by the Senrian government, with another 127 designated as "important ports". The Senrian {{wp|Merchant navy|merchant marine}} has 996 ships of over 1,000 {{wp|gross tonnage}} on its register, totalling 38,361,000 tons {{wp|Deadweight tonnage|deadweight}}; however, only 18% of Senrian-owned capacity was registered in Senria as of 2008. An extensive network of {{wp|Ferry|ferries}} connect the various islands of the Senrian archipelago to each other; while the overall importance of ferry services has declined with the expansion of Senria's road and rail systems, they nonetheless remain important, particularly for transit to and from smaller islands. Additionally, the country has 1,973 kilometers (1,225 miles) of {{wp|Waterway|navigable waterways}}, though their use tends to be restricted to small craft.
[[File:Kansai International Airport Aerial photograph.2007.jpg|250px|right|thumb|An aerial photograph of [[Kinkeidou International Airport]].]]
There were 180 {{wp|Airport|airports}}, of which 144 had paved runways, and 16 {{wp|Heliport|heliports}} in Senria as of 2013. The country's main international gateways are the [[Kinkeidou International Airport|Kinkeidou]], [[Tosei Kaizuka International Airport|Tosei Kaizuka]], [[Isikawa Katori International Airport|Isikawa Katori]], [[Nisiyama Sannomiya International Airport|Nisiyama Sannomiya]], and [[Ukyou Kitamati International Airport|Ukyou Kitamati]] international airports; other air traffic hubs include the [[Keisi Namegawa International Airport|Keisi Namegawa]], [[New Ueda International Airport|New Ueda]], [[Sakata Kurume International Airport|Sakata Kurume]], and [[Ubeyama Kunitomi International Airport|Ubeyama Kunitomi]] airports. Senria's largest airline and {{wp|flag carrier}} is [[Pan-Senrian Airlines]], originally founded in 1926; Pan-Senrian also operates the {{wp|regional airline|commuter airline}} [[Senria Express Airlines]] and the {{wp|low-cost carrier}} [[Skyhawk Airways]]. Other Senrian passenger lines include [[Austral Air Services]], [[New Senria Airways]], [[Oryx Airlines]], and [[Air Forward]]. The country's largest {{wp|cargo airline}} is [[Daisenryuu Cargo Airlines]].
 
====Energy====
 
Senria's primary {{wp|electric utility}} is the [[National Electric Power Company (Senria)|National Electric Power Company]], or Kokuden, which is responsible for 93% of Senria's electricity generation either directly or through subsidiaries; consumers do have a choice of {{wp|Electricity retailing|electricity retailer}}. Senria lacks a substantial domestic supply of {{wp|Fossil fuel|fossil fuels}}, and relies heavily on imported energy resources; the nation is one of the world's largest importers of {{wp|coal}}, {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, and {{wp|natural gas}}. This dependence on imports makes electricity comparatively expensive in Senria.
 
In 2019, fossil fuels supplied 86.7% of Senrian energy needs, with coal representing 24.6% of total energy consumption, oil 38.8%, and natural gas 20.7%. The contribution of coal to Senrian energy generation has steadily fallen since the mid-20th century, when it represented more than half of Senrian energy production, with oil overtaking it by 1988 and natural gas becoming steadily more prominent in the last two decades. Another 8.4% of Senrian energy consumption comes from {{wp|nuclear power}}, with the remaining 7.5% of energy consumption coming from {{wp|Renewable energy|renewable sources}}. The country's primary renewable energy source is {{wp|hydroelectricity}}, which represents just over half of the country's renewable energy production; the remainder of the country's renewable electricity generation comes in the form of {{wp|Solar power|solar}}, {{wp|Wind power|wind}}, and {{wp|geothermal power}}. While Senria's hydroelectric potential is considered to be almost fully developed, experts have estimated that Senria's wind and geothermal potential in particular are sorely underutilized and could be expanded, though there have been few major efforts in this direction. In 2014, the government of [[Hayato Nisimura]] announced plans to construct experimental {{wp|Tidal power|tidal}} and {{wp|Wave power|wave power}} facilities; the first of these test facilities, located on the island of [[Kaedezima]], began operations in February 2021.
[[File:Itsukushima Gate.jpg|285px|left|thumb|The "floating {{wp|torii}}" at [[Ounosima-zinza]] is popular with domestic and foreign tourists.]]
===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Senria}}
As of 2018, travel and tourist revenues comprised roughly 9.5% of Senria's gross domestic product. Senria's extensive road, rail, and air transport networks make travel within Senria cheap, quick, and efficient, and {{wp|domestic tourism}} has flourished in the country as a result; there were 687 million domestic travelers in Senria as of 2016, and travel to famous historic and scenic locations within the country has become ingrained in contemporary Senrian culture. 33.1 million foreign tourists arrived in Senria as of 2019, up from 31.4 million in 2018, and the Senrian government has set a target of attracting 45 million international tourists annually by 2025. Many foreign tourists to Senria come from other [[Coius|Coian]] countries; however, the country also receives a substantial number of tourists from countries in [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]].
 
Tourism for the purposes of {{wp|leisure}} or {{wp|recreation}} is common, particularly among domestic tourists, though many foreign tourists also come in order to take advantage of the opportunities for {{wp|hiking}}, {{wp|skiing}}, and {{wp|sailing}} provided by Senria's natural geography. {{wp|Cultural tourism}} is also popular, with foreign tourists coming to Senria to experience its unique culture and domestic tourists travelling to other parts of the country to experience the ''{{wp|Meibutsu|meisan}}'', or regional specialties, of those areas. International cultural tourism to Senria has been greatly strengthened by the [[Senrian Wave]] phenomenon, which has seen the global stature and popularity of [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]] increase since the 1980s. While [[Keisi]] is the principal {{wp|Tourist attraction#Tourist destination|tourist destination}} for international visitors, Senria offers a variety of destinations and attractions across the whole breadth of the country, and many Senrian prefectures and municipalities have begun their own campaigns to attract international tourism. Senria's systems for the preservation of [[Cultural Property (Senria)|cultural properties]] and [[National parks of Senria|national parks]] have allowed for areas of natural beauty, works of art, cultural traditions, and historic sites to be preserved while simultaneously being made open to tourism.
 
===Science and technology===
 
Modern Senria is a leader in {{wp|Scientific method|scientific research}}, particularly in the fields of {{wp|mathematics}}, {{wp|engineering}}, {{wp|electronics}}, {{wp|robotics}}, {{wp|Medical research|medicine}}, and {{wp|biotechnology}}. Senria's national {{wp|research and development}} budget is among the largest in the world, and the country has one of the highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita as of 2017. The Senrian government operates and funds a series of major scientific research centers, the most prominent of which is the country's {{wp|List of government space agencies|space agency}}, the [[Senrian Aerospace Research Agency]] (or SARA). The element {{wp|Nihonium|senrium}}, first synthesized in 2003 by researchers in [[Arakawa]], [[Nisiyama Prefecture]], is named after the country.
 
Famous Senrian scientists and inventors include [[Eisen Edamura]], first to chemically synthesize {{wp|ephedrine}} and {{wp|methamphetamine}}; [[Yasunari Nisida]], first to isolate {{wp|adrenaline}}; [[Yosiya Tanayama]], first to isolate {{wp|thiamine}}; [[Kazuhiro Huruhata]], who invented the {{wp|Haber process|Huruhata process}} for {{wp|nitrogen fixation}}; [[Iemon Kameda]], inventor of {{wp|monosodium glutamate}}; [[Daisaku Uekawa]], first to describe the {{wp|Fujiwhara effect|Uekawa effect}}; [[Sakutarou Hirota]], creator of the {{wp|Fujita scale|Hirota scale}} for measuring tornado intensity; [[Iwao Ouka]], developer of {{wp|Itô calculus|Ouka calculus}}; [[Asao Hamayotu]], developer of {{wp|pulse oximetry}}; [[Munetosi Sugioka]], first to describe {{wp|dementia with Lewy bodies}}; and [[Heisuke Tigusa]], inventor of the {{wp|PIN diode}} and {{wp|laser diode}}. Other prominent or noteworthy Senrian inventions include the {{wp|camera phone}}, {{wp|canned coffee}}, {{wp|CD player|CD players}}, {{wp|Rice cooker|electric rice cookers}}, {{wp|flash memory}}, the {{wp|handheld game console}}, {{wp|Instant noodle|instant noodles}}, {{wp|Laptop|laptops}}, {{wp|LCD television|LCD televisions}}, the {{wp|microprocessor}}, {{wp|tactile paving}}, the {{wp|Videocassette recorder|VCR}}, {{wp|QR code|QR codes}}, and {{wp|Quartz clock|quartz wristwatches}}.
 
==Demographics==
[[File:14 Casament xintoista al santuari xintoista de Kanda-myojin (Tòquio), foto de grup.jpg|275px|right|thumb|A [[Senrian people|Senrian]] wedding party in a mixture of {{wp|Japanese clothing|traditional and modern garb}}.]]
{{Main|Demographics of Senria|Senrian people}}
Senria has a population of 258.75 million as of 2015, making it the second-largest country in both [[Coius]] and the [[Kylaris|world]] in terms of population, behind only its neighbor [[Shangea]]. Senria's {{wp|population density}} is 439.16 people per square kilometer (1,137.4/sq mi). However, in practical terms, the high concentration of the Senrian population in the limited regions (roughly 35%) of the country which is suitable for human settlement makes the country's ''de facto'' population density much higher. The country is heavily {{wp|Urbanization|urbanized}}; 92% of the Senrian population lived in urban areas as of 2015, up from 91.2% in 2010.
 
The average {{wp|life expectancy}} in Senria is 77.7 years. While a consistently {{wp|Natalism|pronatalist}} policy aimed at incentivizing births has historically bolstered the country's {{wp|Population growth|population growth rate}}, increasing participation of {{wp|women in the workforce}}, a rising average {{wp|List of countries by age at first marriage|age at first marriage}}, and the [[Give-up Generation]] phenomenon have caused Senria's population growth and {{wp|Total fertility rate|total fertility}} rates to steadily fall over the past several decades as Senria progresses along the {{wp|demographic transition}}; statistics collated by the [[Community of Nations]] in 2017 placed the country's population growth rate at 0.44%, down from 0.49% in 2012, and the country's total fertility rate fell from 3.4 in 1950 to 2.1 in 1970 to 1.4 in 2020.
 
The Senrian government collects census data every ten years; censuses are conducted by the country's [[Statistics Bureau (Senria)|Statistics Bureau]], which is a part of the [[Ministry of Personnel (Senria)|Ministry of Personnel]]. Under the post-[[Keiou Restoration]] [[Empire of Senria]], the Senrian census was conducted every five years between 1870 and 1915; however, the [[Senrian Revolution]] prevented the carrying-out of the 1920 census. The early Senrian Republic attempted to maintain the five-year structure, carrying out a census in 1925, but any 1930 census was made impossible by the partial [[Reformed Government of Senria|occupation of Senria]] by [[Heavenly Shangean Empire|Shangea]] during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. Following the end of the Great War, it was decided to change the interval between censuses from five years to ten beginning with the 1935 census. The country's most recent census took place in 2015.
 
===Ethnicity===
 
Senria's Statistics Bureau does not collect information on {{wp|ethnicity}}, only on {{wp|nationality}}. This makes it difficult to obtain exact numbers on ethnicity, as it means that Senrian citizens who are not ethnically Senrian (like ethnic minorities and naturalized persons) are classified as Senrian, while ethnic Senrians with foreign citizenship are classed by their nationality. The 2015 census found that 98.1% of legal residents in Senria were [[Senrian nationality law|Senrian citizens]], with the remaining 1.9% being foreign nationals; a 2019 [[Community of Nations]] report placed these numbers at 97.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The number of foreign nationals in Senria has increased in the past half-century as a result of the country's rising affluence, which has attracted immigrants and temporary workers from other parts of [[Coius]] and from the Senrian diaspora; it is expected it will continue to grow as the country's slowing population growth rate increasingly necessitates foreign labor; in recent years the Senrian government has begun to relax the country's immigration laws, particularly those for foreign professionals and {{wp|Skilled worker|skilled workers}}.
[[File:Danses d’Okinawa (musée Guimet, Paris) (11152072573).jpg|285px|left|thumb|[[Isotaman people|Ethnic Isotamans]] performing a traditional dance.]]
Estimates of Senria's ethnic demographics show the country to be relatively ethnically homogeneous. [[Senrian people|Ethnic Senrians]] of Senrian nationality represent roughly 95.86% of the population, or 248.04 million people, as of 2019, and are easily the country's predominant ethnic group. The modern Senrian people are believed by most geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists to be the descendants of both the {{wp|Jōmon people|Seidou people}} and {{wp|Yayoi people|Sugawara people}} through {{wp|miscegenation}} between the groups after the latter group migrated to the [[Senrian archipelago]] in ~1,000 BCE. There is also a large [[Senrian diaspora]], composed of roughly 7.6 million individuals of Senrian origin or descent living elsewhere in [[Coius]], in [[Euclea]], or in the [[Asterias]].
 
The [[Isotaman people]] make up approximately 1.18% of the Senrian population, or 3.05 million people, and are the country's largest ethnolinguistic minority. The Isotamans are the predominant population group in the [[Isotama Islands]] and, while they are of the same origin as ethnic Senrians, have their own {{wp|Ryukyuan people#Culture|culture}}, {{wp|Ryukyuan languages|language}}, and {{wp|Ryukyuan religion|religion}} which are distinct from their Senrian equivalents. In spite of this, the Senrian government does not officially recognize them as a {{wp|minority group}}, instead considering them to be a subgroup of the Senrian people. Isotamans have historically had to oppose efforts at assimilation and land expropriation, and reports by international human rights groups have found that Isotamans living elsewhere in Senria continue to face discrimination in many areas.
 
Two other noteworthy ethnolinguistic minorities in Senria are the [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]] and [[Cotratic people|Cotratic]] peoples, who are the {{wp|Indigenous peoples|indigenous populations}} of western Senria. The Esamankur people represent about 0.64% of Senria's population, or 1.65 million people, and live primarily on the islands of [[Gyousuu]], [[Kaedezima]], and the [[Hibotu Islands]]; the Cotratics represent about 0.12% of the country's population, or 310 thousand people, and live primarily on the islands of [[Kisima]] and [[Rousima]]. Both groups are believed to be descended from the Seidou people, but speak unrelated {{wp|Language isolate|language isolates}}, suggesting that the Seidou people were themselves more heterogeneous than previously thought. Senria also has a small population of ethnic Shangeans who make up the indigenous population of the [[Sunahama Islands]], having descended from Shangean settlers who arrived in the archipelago in the 17th and 18th centuries; this population has strong resentment towards the Senrian government as a result of Senria's military presence and weapons testing in the Sunahamas, and has faced discrimination and surveillance as a result of fears that they could serve as a {{wp|fifth column}} in a Senro-Shangean conflict.
[[File:Yokohama Chinatowns East Gate At Night.jpg|275px|right|thumb|The eastern gate of [[Simada]]'s Shangeatown at night.]]
Most foreign nationals in Senria come from other countries in [[Coius]]. Senria has noteworthy populations of [[Baekjeong|Baeans]], [[Kuthina|Kuthines]], [[Rajyaghar|Rajyanis]], [[Padaratha|Padarathis]], [[Arthasthan|Arthanis]], and [[Duran|Duranians]] as a result of these countries' close diplomatic ties with Senria through organizations such as [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]] and the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]]. There are also [[Shangea|Shangean]] and [[Siamat|Siamati]] communities in Senria; Senria's Shangean community consists of a mixture of {{wp|Han Chinese|ethnic Shangeans}}, ethnic Senrians of Shangean origin, and [[Chanwa|Chanwans]], while the Siamati community is dominated by ethnic Senrians of Siamati origin. Some [[Southeast Coius|southeast Coians]] and [[Bahia|Bahians]] live in Senria, though these populations are small.
 
There are substantial communities from many [[Asterias|Asterian]] countries, particularly the countries of [[Asteria Inferior]], in Senria; these communities consist overwhelmingly of {{wp|dekasegi}}, or ethnic Senrians from the Asterias who have travelled to Senria in the hopes of finding work, taking advantage of provisions of Senrian immigration law that make it easier for ethnic Senrians living outside Senria to obtain work visas and residency permits. Tensions exist between the dekasegi community and native Senrians; native Senrians often disdain dekasegi for their inability to "act Senrian", while dekasegi often resent being made to do dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant jobs that native Senrians do not want to fill. Most non-dekasegi Asterians living in Senria are expatriate professionals and their families. Senria has no substantial [[Euclea|Euclean]] communities, though minor [[Estmere|Estmerish]], [[Werania|Weranian]], [[Gaullica|Gaullican]], [[Etruria|Etrurian]], and [[Soravia|Soravian]] communities exist, again largely composed of expatriate professionals and their relatives.
 
In addition to the country's ethnic minorities, Senria also has a major social minority group, the {{wp|burakumin}}, who are believed to represent 2% to 4% of the Senrian population. The burakumin were a hereditary {{wp|Untouchability|untouchable}} group in Senria's pre-modern [[Senrian caste system|caste system]] consisting of those whose work was considered {{wp|Kegare|ritually impure}} due to its proximity to death, such as {{wp|Butcher|butchers}}, {{wp|Tanning (leather)|tanners}}, {{wp|Undertaker|undertakers}}, and {{wp|Executioner|executioners}}. As a result, burakumin were historically targeted by state-mandated ostracism and discrimination. The Senrian caste system was formally abolished with the [[Senrian Revolution]], and several efforts to integrate the burakumin into broader Senrian society were made by [[Katurou Imahara]] and, later, by [[Kiyosi Haruna]], who was himself born into a burakumin family; in spite of this, burakumin continue to face societal stigmatization, and have lower educational attainment and socioeconomic status than other ethnic Senrians.
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Senria
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Tenkyou]]|#0064B6|69.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Zohism]]|#b30000|62.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Badi]]|indigo|28.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Sotirianity|Sotirian]]|gold|4.2}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Irreligion|Irreligious}}|#FF9F00|2.3}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Japanese new religions|Sinsuukyou}}|#98ff98|2.1}}
{{bar percent|Other/not stated|gray|0.3}}
|caption=<small>Total adherents exceeds 100% because many Senrians<br>practice some combination of [[Tenkyou]], [[Zohism]],<br>and/or [[Badi]] simultaneously.</small>
}}
 
===Religion===
 
Clear data on religious affiliation in Senria can be difficult to obtain, on account of the diffusive and highly {{wp|Religious syncretism|syncretistic}} nature of Senrian religion, the eclectic and often personalized nature of spirituality within the country, the historic lack of {{wp|Religious identity|religious affiliation}} as a concept in Senrian culture, and the tendency of some Senrians to identify as "without religion" not as a means of signifying {{wp|irreligion}} but rather "normal religiosity" as opposed to zealotry or sectarianism.
 
[[Tenkyou]], a {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}} and {{wp|Animism|animistic}} or {{wp|Pantheism|pantheistic}} religion focused upon righteous living and the worship of {{wp|kami}} as a means of balancing a {{wp|Vitalism|vital force}} known as {{wp|Qi|ki}}, is Senria's {{wp|indigenous religion}}. 69.4% of Senrians, or 179.57 million people, identified Tenkyou as their religion in the country's 2015 census; however, data from 2018 found that as much as 94% of the Senrian population participated in some selection of Tenkyou rituals, whether at {{wp|Kamidana|private altars}}, {{wp|Shinto shrine|public shrines}}, or {{wp|Japanese festivals|religious festivals}}. Given Tenkyou's diffusive nature, the term encompasses everything from the "official" version of the religion promulgated by leading shrines and seminaries to the {{wp|Folk religion|folk practice}} of the faith, which varies from region to region. Tenkyou shrines are overseen by the [[World Association of Tenkyou Shrines]], which manages more than 100,000 shrines in Senria.
 
Tenkyou has syncretized particularly heavily with [[Zohism]], which is the second most common faith in Senria; in 2015, 62.6% of Senrians, or 161.98 million people, identified themselves as Zohist, and survey data suggests that 55% to 60% of the Senrian population has a Zohist altar in their home. Zohism arrived in Senria in the 500s CE, and was well-established by the 600s CE, with Senrian monarchs officially taking up patronage of Zohist temples and monasteries. Most Senrian Zohists belong to the [[Theuku]] school; several subsets of the Theuku school exist in Senria, including multiple sects which emerged within Senria. Zohism has had a major influence on many areas of [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]], including architecture, poetry, and philosophy; this Zohist influence is sometimes itself mixed with elements of {{wp|Confucianism|Taoshi}}, which arrived in Senria alongside Zohism, particularly in areas of philosophy and law.
[[File:Seigantoji05s1920.jpg|285px|left|thumb|The use of [[Kinryuuzan-zi]] by three faiths is often used as an example of Senrian religious syncretism.]]
Syncretism also exists between Tenkyou and [[Badi]]. 28.9% of Senrians, or 74.78 million people, identified themselves as Badist; this makes Senria the country with the [[Badi by country|largest Badi population]] in the world. Badi arrived in Senria in the 1000s; it generally did not receive the same official patronage that Tenkyou and Zohism did, though it received enough to firmly establish itself within the archipelago. The preeminent [[Badi#Elemental theory|elements]] in Senrian Badi are Water and Salt, though worship of the elements of Earth, Animal life, and Plant life can also be found, particularly in rural areas. As with Zohism, Badi has played an important role in shaping Senrian art and philosophy.
 
The vast majority of Senrian practicioners of Zohism or Badi practice those religions alongside Tenkyou; many Senrians practice some combination of all three simultaneously, a hallmark of the country's tendency towards religious syncretism, and it is common in Senria to refer to the three collectively as the "{{wp|three teachings}}". The mixture of elements of religious architecture, theology, and philosophy from Tenkyou, Zohism, and Badi is relatively common. Furthermore, some religious sites are used simultaneously by two or three of these religious traditions; famously, [[Kinryuuzan-zi]] functions simultaneously as a Tenkyou shrine, Zohist monastery, and Badi temple.
 
The [[Empire of Senria|Senrian Empire]] made efforts to "{{wp|Shinbutsu bunri|separate}}" Tenkyou from Zohism and Badi, and to limit religious syncretism while favoring what has been referred to as "{{wp|State Shinto|State Tenkyou}}", following the [[Keiou Restoration]]; these efforts saw many Zohist or Badi temples which were attached to Tenkyou shrines closed or relocated, but were ineffective in preventing the public from participating in syncretistic rituals and practicing multiple faiths, and were ended with the abolition of the [[Monarchy of Senria|Senrian monarchy]] and the establishment of the Republic of Senria in 1923.
[[File:20030702 2 July 2003 Tokyo Cathedorale 1 Tange Kenzou Sekiguchi Tokyo Japan.jpg|275px|right|thumb|[[Our Lady of Mercy Cathedral, Keisi|Our Lady of Mercy Cathedral]] is the main [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholic]] cathedral in Senria.]]
4.2% of Senria's population, or 10.87 million people, practice some form of [[Sotirianity]]. Sotirianity was first introduced to Senria in the 1500s by [[Luzela|Luzelese]] and [[Hennehouwe|Hennish]] merchants, who brought [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholicism]] and {{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}} respectively; Sotirian efforts at proselytism were often met with hostility by locals and Senrian authorities, and missionaries and converts were targeted by periodic [[Martyrs of Senria|violence]] and bans on the religion until the 1800s, when the threat of [[Euclea|Euclean]] intervention forced the Senrian government to suppress anti-Sotirian activity, allowing for an expansion of missionary efforts. Senrian Sotirianity is roughly equally divided between Catholics and Amendists, with small [[Episemialist Church|Episemialist]], [[Brethren Church|Brethren]], {{wp|Restorationism|restorationist}}, and {{wp|Nondenominational Christianity|nondenominational}} communities representing the remainder of the country's Sotirian population. While many Senrians continue to regard Sotirianity as a foreign religion, certain customs of Sotirian origin - most notably the celebration of {{wp|Christmas|Nativity}} - have become important secular cultural traditions in Senria.
 
Senria is home to several {{wp|New religious movement|new religious movements}}, collectively referred to as {{wp|Japanese new religions|sinsuukyou}} (literally "new religions"). Collectively, the practicioners of sinsuukyou groups represent 2.1% of the Senrian population, or 5.43 million people. The first of these new religions began to appear following the Keiou Restoration, but they have particularly proliferated since the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. These religions typically draw aspects from some combination of Tenkyou, Zohism, Badi, and Sotirianity, and many are {{wp|Salvation|salvationist}} or {{wp|Messianism|messianic}} in character. Sinsuukyou movements are often regarded with suspicion by many Senrians, who perceive them as eccentric, controversial, or cultlike. Most sinsuukyou groups are found only in Senria, though some have successfully expanded to other parts of the world.
 
Several other religious traditions have minor presences in Senria, largely brought over by migrant populations. 2.3% of Senrians defined themselves as {{wp|Irreligion|irreligious}} in 2015, encompassing {{wp|Atheism|atheists}}, {{wp|Agnosticism|agnostics}}, non-practicioners, and individuals who participate in cultural religious rituals but do not consider themselves active believers. Senria's indigenous ethnic minorities have their own religious traditions - {{wp|Ryukyuan religion|Isotama Shinkō}}, {{wp|Ainu people#Religion|Esamankur religion}}, and {{wp|Nivkh people#Religion|Cotratic shamanism}}, respectively. These religions have seen a revival in recent decades as part of broader efforts by the Isotamans, Esamankur, and Cotratics to assert their cultural distinctiveness and express pride in their unique traditions in the face of government non-recognition and efforts at assimilation.
 
The [[Constitution of Senria]] guarantees full {{wp|freedom of religion}} for all persons within the country and the free operation of religious institutions. While Senria's constitution nominally establishes the country as a {{wp|secular state}} lacking a {{wp|state religion}}, post-Great War Senrian governments have sometimes been accused of showing favoritism towards Tenkyou, giving Tenkyou shrines financial and other support to a disproportionate degree. The Senrian government, in response to these accusations, has insisted its support is due to the role of Tenkyou shrines as cultural institutions, highlighted its support for non-Tenkyou religious bodies, and alleged that claims of disproportionality are based upon misleading or cherrypicked data.
 
===Education===
 
The basic model of the modern Senrian education system was first implemented in 1873, following the [[Keiou Restoration]], and the underlying framework has remained broadly the same since then in spite of the country's political changes. This educational system begins with {{wp|preschool}} for children under the age of three and {{wp|kindergarten}} for children under the age of six; this {{wp|Preschool|pre-primary education}} is optional, but has steadily proliferated in Senria due to the increasing prevalence of the {{wp|nuclear family}} with both parents actively working and due to the feeling that a preschool education will give children an edge in later educational competition. Children then attend an {{wp|Primary school|elementary school}} until age 12 and a {{wp|middle school}} until age 15; these are {{wp|Compulsory education|compulsory}} for all children. {{wp|Secondary school|High school}}, which lasts until age 18, is not legally compulsory; however, the overwhelming majority of middle school students - 94% as of 2010 - do subsequently enroll in high school. Students take a {{wp|Matriculation examination|matriculation exam}}, the [[National Scholastic Ability Test]], at the end of high school; this also functions as an {{wp|Educational entrance examination|entrance exam}} for Senrian universities.
[[File:Kyoto University Clock Tower.jpg|265px|left|thumb|The [[University of Keisi]] is considered Senria's most prestigious university.]]
Most Senrian students attend {{wp|Public school|public schools}} for their primary and secondary education; however, {{wp|Private school|private schools}} also exist. Furthermore, Senria's education system places great emphasis on extracurricular academic activity; private institutions known as ''{{wp|Juku|zuku}}'', sometimes translated as "{{wp|Cram school|cram schools}}", provide tutoring in both academic & nonacademic fields and exam preparation in exchange for a set fee, and many students also take {{wp|Test preparation|mock exams}}. ''Zuku'' and other forms of "{{wp|Tutoring#Tutoring as "Shadow Education"|shadow education}}" are widely used in Senria; a 2012 study found that 86% of Senrian students with college plans used at least one form of shadow education, with 60% participating in two or more.
 
Senrian students have several options in the area of {{wp|Tertiary education|tertiary}} and {{wp|postgraduate education}}. Many students attend one of the country's [[List of universities in Senria|820 universities]]; 146 of these universities are public institutions operated by the national or prefectural governments, with the remainder being private universities. Many leading Senrian universities - such as the [[University of Keisi]], [[Keisi Gakuin University]], [[University of Tosei]], [[Tosei Institute of Technology]], [[Yuusuu University]], [[Haneda University]], and [[Nisiyama University]] - are among the best-rated universities in Coius; the University of Keisi and University of Tosei in particular are regarded as among the best universities in the world. Students pursuing {{wp|medical education}} can either attend a university's medical school or a specialized, independent medical college. Alternatively, students can attend one of the country's {{wp|Daigakkō|national academies}}, aimed primarily at training government employees; the most famous of these is the [[Tokiyori National Military Academy]], but several other national academies offering specialized studies in a variety of fields - including engineering, nursing, meteorology, agronomy, and public administration - exist. Upon graduating from a university or national academy, students obtain a {{wp|bachelor's degree}} and can subsequently pursue a {{wp|master's degree}} or {{wp|doctorate}}. Students may also choose to attend a {{wp|community college}} or {{wp|vocational school}}, or an institution known as a {{wp|Colleges of technology in Japan|college of technology}} if they did not attend high school, in order to obtain an {{wp|associate degree}}.
 
The Senrian school year is divided into {{wp|Academic term|trimesters}}; roughly speaking, the first of these lasts from September to December, the second from February to May, and the third from June to August. Each trimester is separated by a period of vacation - a week of vacation between the second & third terms and the third & first terms, and roughly 40 days between the first & second terms. The curriculum for public primary and secondary schools is set by the national government; however, schools are organized and supervised at the prefectural or municipal level.
 
International student assessment programs coordinated by the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation|AEDC]] rank the knowledge and skills of Senrian students as among the best in the world; Senria is one of the top-performing AEDC members in literacy, mathematics, and science, and has one of the world's best-educated labor forces. As of 2017, 51% of Senrians between ages 25 and 64 have completed some form of tertiary education; among 25-to-34 year olds, this number climbs to 62%. Senria is also an attractive country for {{wp|international education}}; 40 to 60 international schools were operating in the country as of 2016, and the country is also home to several international universities, including the [[International University of Senria]], [[Keisi University of Foreign Studies]], and [[University of the Community of Nations]].
 
While Senria's education system has been highly praised, it has also been highly criticized. Senrian students are faced with extreme pressure from parents, teachers, peers, and society to excel academically, with students regularly expected to sacrifice free time in favor of studying; this pressure has been linked to worsened mental and physical health, nervous breakdowns, {{wp|bullying}}, {{wp|school violence}}, {{wp|Academic dishonesty|cheating}}, and even {{wp|suicide}}. The nature of Senria's education system, with its emphasis on passing exams in order to obtain admission to prestigious institutions, has also been linked to {{wp|Elitism|academic elitism}}. The Senrian education system has been further accused of dehumanizing students and failing to foster independent, artistic, or creative thinking. The needs of children with disabilities have also largely been ignored; serious efforts at building a {{wp|special education}} program for these students did not begin until 2006, during the premiership of [[Sigesato Izumi]]. Senrian history curricula have been accused of {{wp|Propaganda|propagandizing}} and {{wp|Whitewashing (censorship)|whitewashing}} the country's past, and minority groups such as the [[Isotaman people|Isotamans]], [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]], and [[Cotratic people|Cotratics]] have long accused the Senrian government of using the national education system to {{wp|Dialect card|suppress their languages and identities}}.
[[File:Kyushu University Hospital 20181101-2.jpg|265px|right|thumb|[[Yuusuu University Hospital]] in 2018.]]
===Healthcare===
 
Senria has a {{wp|Universal healthcare|universal healthcare system}} consisting primarily of two programs, [[National Health Insurance (Senria)|National Health Insurance]] and the [[National Healthcare Organization (Senria)|National Healthcare Organization]]. NHI is a form of {{wp|National health insurance|statutory health insurance}}, available to all Senrian citizens and permanent residents, which is administered jointly by national and local governments and helps cover the cost of medical treatment; generally speaking, NHI will cover 70% of medical costs with the patient expected to cover 30%, though a variety of factors - most notably the patient's age and family income - can change the exact percentages, or see the government cover the entire cost. Senrian citizens may also obtain insurance through their employers or through private insurers if they so choose. The NHO, meanwhile, operates a network of {{wp|Hospital|hospitals}}, {{wp|Clinic|clinics}}, and {{wp|Public health centres in Japan|public health centers}} providing a wide variety of healthcare services for low, fixed prices, with emphasis on ease of access. The NHO also manages efforts at protecting {{wp|public health}} more broadly; while pricing and certain policies are set by the national government, the actual organization, maintenance, and supervision of NHO hospitals and public health centers occurs at the prefectural and municipal levels. {{wp|Private hospital|Private hospitals}} can also be found in Senria, but are generally more expensive.
 
{{wp|Kampo|Traditional medicine}} - including the practices of {{wp|herbalism}}, {{wp|acupuncture}}, {{wp|massage}}, and other folk remedies - has retained a presence in Senria into the modern period; however, its use has continuously declined since the 1870s and, for the vast majority of Senrians, it plays a subsidiary role to modern medicine and pharmaceuticals, if any role at all. Additionally, Senrian law requires that traditional herbalists also be licensed medical doctors and that herbal remedies be made using government-approved ratios and instructions, with the goal of "professionalizing" traditional medicine and protecting the public from {{wp|Quackery|health fraud}}.
 
As of 2020, Senria had 2.6 doctors and 11.8 nurses per 1,000 inhabitants; the country had 13.1 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants in 2018, the highest in the world. Senrians visit a doctor fourteen times a year, according to 2009 survey data, and the average Senrian {{wp|life expectancy}} has steadily risen throughout the past several decades. Senrian outcomes in the treatment of physical health are competitive with those of [[Euclea]] and [[Asteria Superior]]; treatment of mental health is comparatively lackluster, however, in spite of several attempts at reform. Advanced medical facilities and equipment are generally available across much of the country, with the NHI and NHO making access to treatment accessible in both urban and rural areas. However, this access is sometimes abused; a 2014 report by the [[Department of Health and Welfare (Senria)|Department of Health and Welfare]] found that some Senrians with minor illnesses or injuries went to {{wp|Emergency department|emergency departments}} instead of seeking more appropriate primary care, making it harder for hospitals to treat those who need treatment more urgently.
 
While Senrians are generally considered to be among the healthiest people in the world, the country does have several public health issues. Senria has one of the world's highest rates of {{wp|suicide}}, driven by a variety of factors; inadequate {{wp|mental health}} services, particularly for {{wp|Major depressive disorder|depressive disorders}}, are believed to be one of the leading factors in the prevalence of suicide in Senria. Widespread consumption of {{wp|tobacco}} and {{wp|Alcoholic drink|alcohol}} have also had serious consequences, in the forms of chronic {{wp|Respiratory disease|respiratory diseases}}, {{wp|cancer}}, and {{wp|alcoholism}}. While {{wp|obesity}} rates in the country have remained significantly lower than those in much of the rest of the world, they have steadily risen nonetheless, climbing from 1.6% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2016. Widespread environmental degradation and pollution since the 1970s has caused further problems with both chronic and acute illness, most infamously the [[Six Big Man-made Diseases]] in the 1950s-1970s; nowadays, though, the most prevalent example of this are the respiratory issues caused by {{wp|smog}}.
 
==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Senria}}
The core of modern Senrian culture derives from the traditions that emerged from the synthesis of the {{wp|Jōmon people|Seidou}} and {{wp|Yayoi people|Sugawara}} peoples, shaped in the centuries since both by its own domestic evolution and by a variety of external influences from across the [[Kylaris|world]], creating a unique cultural identity which is simultaneously varied and coherent. These external influences include extensive influence from other [[Coius|Coian]] cultures, most notably that of [[Shangea#Culture|Shangea]], as well as more recent influences from [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]]. While Senria's culture has changed greatly over the centuries, especially as a result of the societal and technological changes of the modern era, the continuity at its ancient core makes it one of the oldest continuous cultures in the world.
 
Senria has developed a strong system for the preservation and promotion of its cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible; the national list of [[Cultural Property (Senria)|cultural properties]] contains buildings, works of art, folk rituals, craft techniques, monuments, and natural landscapes, among other things, deemed worthy of or requiring protection by the government; in addition to the national list, all Senrian prefectures and many Senrian municipalities maintain their own lists of cultural properties. The country is home to several [[Community of Nations#Commissions|COMDECS]] {{wp|World Heritage Site|World Heritage Sites}}. Senrian culture is also one of the most influential cultures globally; the emergence of the [[Senrian Wave]] phenomenon in the 1980s has seen Senrian culture - particularly {{wp|Japanese popular culture|Senrian popular culture}} - become popular across much of the world, transforming Senria into a global exporter of culture. This international reach is an important facet of the country's {{wp|soft power}}, with the Senrian government actively supporting the country's {{wp|creative industries}} through {{wp|Subsidy|subsidies}} and similar measures.
 
===Art===
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=325
| align = right
| image1 = Dogu Miyagi 1000 BCE 400 BCE.jpg
| image2 = Genji emaki TAKEKAWA Large.jpg
| image3 = Muchaku (detail, 2).jpg
| image4 = Sake cup by Kamada Koji with blue tenmoku glaze.jpg
| image5 = Tokaido53 Hara.jpg
| image6 = Hexagonal Jar, Imari ware, Kakiemon type, Edo period, 17th century, flowering plant and phoenix design in overglaze enamel - Tokyo National Museum - DSC05329 (retouched).jpg
| image7 = Kuroda-seiki-kohan00-6-1b.jpeg
| image8 = Hasegawa Nature.jpg
| footer = Senria's artistic tradition comprises a litany of media and artistic movements.
}}
{{Main|Senrian art|Senrian craft}}
Senrian art covers a vast range of styles and media, including {{wp|Japanese painting|painting}}, {{wp|Woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing}},  {{wp|Japanese calligraphy|calligraphy}}, {{wp|Japanese pottery and porcelain|pottery and porcelain}}, {{wp|Japanese lacquerware|lacquerware}}, {{wp|Japanese sculpture|sculpture}}, {{wp|Japanese craft#Textile|weaving and dyeing}}, {{wp|Washi|papermaking}}, {{wp|origami}}, methods of plant cultivation and arrangement such as {{wp|bonsai}} and {{wp|ikebana}}, and more contemporary forms such as {{wp|manga}}. Uniting these numerous forms of artistic expression are a set of {{wp|Japanese aesthetics|aesthetic ideals}} such as ''{{wp|miyabi}}'' (elegance and refinement), ''{{wp|wabi-sabi}}'' (acceptance of transience and imperfection), ''{{wp|Shibui|sibui}}'' (superficial simplicity balanced with subtle complexity), ''{{wp|Iki (aesthetics)|iki}}'' (the impression of spontaneity), and ''{{wp|Yūgen|yuugen}}'' (profound subtlety and allusion).
 
The earliest artefacts of the Senrian artistic tradition come from the [[Seidou period]] in the form of {{wp|Jōmon pottery|cord-marked pottery}}, often lavishly decorated, and earthenware figurines known as ''{{wp|Dogū|doguu}}''. Bronze bells known as ''{{wp|Dōtaku|doutaku}}'' are commonly considered emblematic of the subsequent [[Sugawara period]], which saw {{wp|Silk|silk making}}, {{wp|Glass production|glass making}}, and {{wp|Bronze|bronzeworking}} first appear in Senria, as well as improved methods for making {{wp|Yayoi pottery|pottery}}, {{wp|Textile|textiles}}, and {{wp|lacquerware}}. Common throughout early Senrian history, beginning in the late Seidou period and continuing until the end of the [[Sunzuu period]], are comma-shaped beads known as ''{{wp|magatama}}''; early ''magatama'' were typically made of stone in earlier periods, eventually being made almost exclusively out of {{wp|jade}}. Many surviving artifacts from the Sunzuu period were originally intended as funerary objects, interred in tumuli known as ''{{wp|Kofun|kohun}}''; objects commonly found in ''kohun'' include ''magatama'', {{wp|Haji pottery|unglazed pottery}}, bronze mirrors and weapons, and terracotta statues known as ''{{wp|haniwa}}''. Some kohun also contain painted {{wp|Mural|murals}} depicting both geometric and figurative forms.
 
The [[Kaihou period|Kaihou]] and [[Kingen period|Kingen]] periods, together stretching from the 6th century to the 11th century, saw a flourishing of the arts and were a seminal period for Senrian culture, with the works and techniques of the period extolled as foundational into the present day. The ''{{wp|Yamato-e|Senryuu-e}}'' style of painting, used to decorate {{wp|Fusuma|sliding doors}}, {{wp|Byōbu|folding screens}}, {{wp|Hanging scroll|hanging scrolls}}, and {{wp|Emakimono|handscrolls}}, emerged in the Kaihou period and reached its peak during the Kingen period; ''Senryuu-e'' works included depictions of landscapes, religious themes, courtly life, and historical events. Alongside the importation of {{wp|Hanzi|Shangean characters}} came Shangean calligraphy, which in turn inspired unique styles of Senrian calligraphy. Also imported from Shangea was the {{wp|sancai}} glazing technique, though most Senrian pottery of the period continued to utilize a simple green glaze. Senrian sculpture of the Kaihou period typically had delicate features, naturalistic drapery, and an air of reverie & aloofness, where those of the Kingen period typically had thick limbs, brooding expressions, and heavily-carved drapery. The ''{{wp|maki-e}}'' lacquer decoration technique also emerged in Senria during this period.
 
While the [[Zakkoku period|Zakkoku]] and [[Tigoku period|Tigoku periods]] are commonly regarded as a "low point" for Senrian art, they saw several important artistic developments. {{wp|Ink wash painting}} was brought to the country from [[Shangea]]. This renewed Shangean influence in turn diverged into two distinct schools of painting - the {{wp|Kanō school|Hori school}}, which emphasized bright colors and firm outlines, and the {{wp|Hasegawa school|Kanehara school}}, known for its closer adherence to the {{wp|monochrome}} tendencies of Shangean ink painting. Shangean {{wp|Jian ware}}, meanwhile, inspired the ''{{wp|tenmoku}}'' style of pottery and porcelain in Senria, and Shangean {{wp|carved lacquer}} inspired ''{{wp|Kamakura-bori|Tanigawa-bori}}'', which used different techniques (carving wood and then applying lacquer, rather than carving the lacquer itself) to achieve a similar effect. The period is most famous, however, as a renaissance for Senrian sculpture; the {{wp|Kei school}} emphasized realism and the expression of movement and emotion, and produced several masterworks of religious sculpture.
 
Another flourishing of Senrian art came with the [[Suikoku period]], which lasted from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. Several schools of painting - including the {{wp|Nanpin school|Sakata}}, {{wp|Shijō school|Maezuka}}, {{wp|Nanga (Japanese painting)|Nanga}}, and {{wp|Rinpa school|Oukawara}} schools - emerged during this period, as did the ''{{wp|Edomoji|koukoku-mozi}}'' lettering styles. {{wp|Ukiyo-e}}, a genre of painting and woodblock printing known for its use of vivid color now considered emblematic of Senrian visual art, also emerged and flourished during this period. Less famous but widely circulated domestically were woodblock-printed illustrated books covering topics from travel to cooking to fiction to satire. Senrian ceramics also thrived; {{wp|Japanese export porcelain|Senrian export porcelain}}, known for its high quality and stylistic variety (ranging from {{wp|blue and white pottery}} to elaborate polychromatic {{wp|Overglaze decoration|overglazed enamelling}}), became highly desired among Euclean elites. Domestically, lacquered holding cases known as ''{{wp|Inro|inrou}}'' and ornate miniature sculptures known as ''{{wp|Netsuke|netuke}}'' became important fashion items, with a thriving industry developing around their production.
 
Senrian art continued to flourish throughout the [[Kaisei period]]; however, it changed substantially as a result of the country's efforts at modernization. Throughout the later half of the 19th century, Senria's government emphasized {{wp|Western art|Euclean art}}, particularly {{wp|Realism (arts)|realism}}; the ''{{wp|Yōga|hokuga}}'' (literally "Northern painting") style of painting was officially promoted, and Euclean-style sculpture was produced with Senrian alloys and lacquer techniques. At the same time, Senrian aesthetics - particularly those of the Suikoku period - played an important role in shaping contemporaneous [[Euclea|Euclean]] art, a trend known as {{wp|Japonisme|Senrisme}}. Within Senria, efforts to promote mainstream Euclean art met a mixed reception; while some artists adopted such Euclean styles unequivocally, others sought a revival of traditional styles or a synthesis of Euclean styles (particularly {{wp|romanticism}} and {{wp|Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|pre-Raphaelism}}) with Senrian aesthetics, resulting in the ''{{wp|Nihonga|Senryuuga}}'' movement, while others adopted more transgressive {{wp|Modernism|modernist}} styles such as {{wp|impressionism}}, {{wp|post-impressionism}}, {{wp|fauvism}}, and {{wp|cubism}}. During the 1900s and 1910s, the imperial government switched from favoring ''hokuga'' to favoring ''Senryuuga''.
[[File:Horyu-ji National Treasure World heritage 国宝・世界遺産法隆寺85.JPG|255px|left|thumb|[[Sekigawa-zinza]] has the world's oldest extant wooden building.]]
The deposition of the monarchy in the [[Senrian Revolution]] saw a wild flourishing of {{wp|modern art}} during the early years of the Senrian Republic. While [[Aikokutou]] governments have frequently favored more "traditionally Senrian" styles of art, Senria has nonetheless developed thriving scenes for modern and {{wp|contemporary art}}; the country had a prominent {{wp|Neo-Dada}} movement in the 1960s and is the birthplace of the {{wp|Postmodern art|postmodern}} {{wp|Superflat}} movement, which draws inspiration from the style used by Senrian comics and graphic novels, known as {{wp|manga}}.
 
===Architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Senria}}
Traditional Senrian architecture is typified by the widespread use of wood, aversion to stone except in building foundations, elevation of buildings slightly off the ground, large {{wp|East Asian hip-and-gable roof|hip-and-gable roofs}} with curved {{wp|Gable|gables}} and {{wp|Eave|eaves}}, use of the {{wp|post and lintel}} system, woven flooring mats known as {{wp|tatami}}, and the use of sliding partitions such as ''{{wp|Fusuma|husuma}}'' and ''{{wp|Shoji|souzi}}''. These unique features, shaped by local materials, aesthetic principles, and concerns, coexist alongside architectural and aesthetic choices found in other south Coian countries.
 
The {{wp|Pit-house|pit dwellings}} of the [[Seidou period]], raised-floor granaries and {{wp|rammed earth}} fortifications known as ''{{wp|Chashi|tasi}}'' of the [[Sugawara period]], and {{wp|Kofun|kohun}} burial mounds of the [[Sunzuu period]] serve as some of the earliest examples of Senrian architecture. {{wp|Chinese architecture|Shangean architecture}} was brought to Senria, and adapted to Senrian needs and tastes, during the [[Kaihou period|Kaihou]] and [[Kingen period|Kingen]] periods; this developed into the ''{{wp|Shinden-zukuri|sinden-zukuri}}'' style of architecture among the nobility, and diverged into several forms of Senrian religious architecture. The earliest surviving {{wp|Japanese garden|Senrian gardens}} are from this period, and mix the principles of {{wp|feng shui}} with an aesthetic emphasis on asymmetry, naturalism, and miniaturization. The typical styles used for ''{{wp|minka}}'' ({{wp|Vernacular architecture|vernacular}} houses) and ''{{wp|Kura (storehouse)|kura}}'' (traditional storehouses) also emerged at this time.
 
During the [[Zakkoku period]], Senrian religious architecture continued to diversify and ''sinden-zukuri'' evolved into the simpler, more practical ''{{wp|buke-zukuri}}'' style. {{wp|Japanese rock garden|Rock gardens}} - where the arrangement of rocks, moss, and carefully raked sand is meant to evoke the essence of nature and aid meditation - appeared during this period, partially displacing the {{wp|Water garden|water gardens}} of the Kaihou and Kingen periods. The architectural trends of the Zakkoku period largely continued throughout the early [[Tigoku period]]; the late Tigoku period, however, saw several major developments, including the emergence of the ''{{wp|Shoin-zukuri|soin-zukuri}}'' and ''{{wp|sukiya-zukuri}}'' styles, a turn back towards greenery and water in gardens, and the emergence of the emblematic {{wp|Japanese castle|Senrian castle}} as a result of the increasing prevalence of {{wp|Arquebus|arquebuses}} - but not {{wp|Cannon|cannons}} - in Senrian warfare, which necessitated the replacement of wooden stockades with stone walls. Late Tigoku period trends, in turn, persisted throughout the [[Suikoku period]]; other important features of Suikoku-period architecture include the refinement of the ''{{wp|Machiya|matiya}}'', or townhouse, and an emphasis on {{wp|borrowed scenery}} (''sakkei'') in landscaping.
 
The push for modernization during the [[Kaisei period]] resulted in significant changes to Senrian architecture. The restored imperial government encouraged the adoption of [[Euclea|Euclean]] architectural styles and the use of building materials such as brick and stone, inviting Euclean architects and urban planners to the country. Particular favor was shown to the {{wp|Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts}} school of architecture. Some Senrian architects, meanwhile, sought to develop a style of architecture which superficially looked Euclean, but in fact relied on traditional Senrian techniques, resulting in the ''{{wp|Giyōfū architecture|gihokuhuu}}'' style. During the 1920s, Senrian architects experimented with styles such as {{wp|Rationalism (architecture)|rationalism}}, {{wp|Vienna Secession|secessionism}}, and {{wp|Bauhaus}}. Following the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] developed an officially-favored style of architecture, the {{wp|Imperial Crown Style|New Senria Style}}, which combined neoclassical buildings with Senrian-style roofs. In spite of this favoritism, however, a variety of other styles have subsequently thrived in Senria, including {{wp|Art Deco}}, {{wp|Modern architecture|modernist}} forms such as the {{wp|International Style (architecture)|International Style}}, the Senrian-born {{wp|Metabolism (architecture)|metabolist}} movement, and {{wp|Postmodern architecture|postmodernism}}.
 
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=180 | height=160
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Gassho-zukuri farmhouse-01.jpg
|alt1=A group of wooden houses with steep thatched roofs.
|A group of typical ''{{wp|minka}}''-style farmhouses.
|File:Ginkakuji Kyoto03-r.jpg
|alt2=A two-story pavilion located in a lush garden.
|The main pavilion at [[Saihou-zinza]].
|File:Matsumoto Castle05s5s4592.jpg
|alt3=A tall, black-painted Asian castle surrounded by a moat.
|The keep of [[Karasugawa Castle]].
|Former Kaichi School 2009.jpg
|alt4=A building with blue walls, a tiled roof, and a short tower.
|A former schoolhouse in the ''{{wp|Giyōfū architecture|gihokuhuu}}'' style.
|File:Tokyo National Museum, Honkan 2010.jpg
|alt5=A building with neoclassical-styled walls and an East Asian gabled roof.
|Senria's [[National Museum of Fine Arts (Senria)|National Museum of Fine Arts]].
|File:Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgijō 1.jpg
|alt6=An arena built in a modern style with a suspended roof design.
|[[Suminoe National Arena]], built for the [[1970 Summer Invictus Games|1970 Invictus Games]].
}}
 
===Cuisine===
[[File:Breakfast at Tamahan Ryokan, Kyoto.jpg|285px|right|thumb|Breakfast at a {{wp|Ryokan (inn)|ryokan}}, or traditional inn.]]
{{Main|Senrian cuisine}}
Senrian cuisine, generally speaking, is marked by a primary reliance on {{wp|Grain|grains}} and {{wp|Vegetable|vegetables}} supplemented by {{wp|Fish as food|fish}} and {{wp|poultry}}, with comparatively little use of {{wp|red meat}}, {{wp|Cooking oil|oils or fats}}, and {{wp|Dairy product|dairy}}, as well as a tendency towards {{wp|Saltiness|salty}} and {{wp|umami}} flavors, a strong emphasis upon {{wp|Seasonal food|seasonality}} of ingredients and {{wp|Japanese regional cuisine|regional specialties}}, and use of seasoning as an accent or garnish.
 
Most traditional Senrian meals are based around the combination of {{wp|rice}}, typically {{wp|Cooked rice|steamed}} {{wp|Japanese rice|short-grain rice}}, with one or more ''{{wp|okazu}}'', or side dishes. ''Okazu'' can consist of vegetables, {{wp|seafood}}, {{wp|meat}}, or {{wp|tofu}}, prepared in any number of ways - {{wp|Simmering|simmered}}, {{wp|Steaming|steamed}}, {{wp|Grilling|grilled}}, {{wp|Frying|fried}} - or served raw. The meal might also be accompanied by {{wp|Pickling|pickled}} vegetables, or {{wp|Tsukemono|tukemono}}, and {{wp|miso soup}}. Each element of the meal is served separately on its own small plate or bowl; this tendency descends from classical Shangean dining etiquette, which regarded placing food on rice as "soiling" the rice, a perception which has mostly persisted in Senrian cuisine while vanishing near-entirely from modern {{wp|Chinese cuisine|Shangean cooking}}. Even in Senrian cuisine, however, there are exceptions to this rule in the form of popular dishes such as {{wp|Chahan (dish)|yakimesi}}, rice {{wp|Stir frying|stir-fried}} with any number of potential ingredients and seasonings; {{wp|donburi}}, rice topped with meat, fish, egg, or vegetables; and {{wp|onigiri}}, triangular rice pouches filled with savory, salty, or sour ingredients. Milled and polished {{wp|white rice}} has long been regarded as more desirable than cheaper and less-refined {{wp|brown rice}}, though the latter has grown in popularity in recent years because of its greater nutritional value.
 
Alternatively, {{wp|Japanese noodles|noodles}} may be served in place of a rice-based meal. Most Senrian noodles are made from {{wp|wheat flour}}. Senria's main traditional noodles are {{wp|udon}}, thick wheat noodles, and {{wp|soba}}, thin {{wp|buckwheat}} noodles; {{wp|Sōmen|soumen}} and {{wp|ramen}}, two other types of wheat noodle often associated with Senria, emerged as a result of cultural contact with [[Baekjeong]] and [[Shangea]]. Noodles are typically, but not necessarily, served with broth, and udon, soba, and soumen can be served either hot or cold, depending on the season. Noodle dishes will typically also contain some combination of vegetables, meat, tofu, eggs, {{wp|Kamaboko|fish cakes}}, and herbs, and are usually served without side dishes. {{wp|Barley}} and {{wp|millet}} were historically a large part of the Senrian diet due to their role in {{wp|Peasant foods|peasant dishes}} such as {{wp|Katemeshi|katemesi}}, but are largely eschewed today for that precise reason.
 
Senrian cuisine has long been influenced by the cuisine of nearby Coian countries. {{wp|Kimchi}}, a staple of {{wp|Korean cuisine|Baean cuisine}}, is widely popular in Senria, and the country has local variants of {{wp|mapo tofu}}, {{wp|baozi}}, and {{wp|Chili shrimp|mingxia}}; {{wp|Gyōza|gyouza}}, a form of jiaozi, are so popular in Senria they are widely thought of as Senrian in much of the world. {{wp|Japanese curry|Curry}}, similarly, was brought to Senria from [[Satria]] by trade across the [[Bay of Bashurat]]. Senria is also home to ''{{wp|Yōshoku|kitasoku}}'' (literally "Northern food"), Senrianized forms of Euclean dishes; while some ''kitasoku'' dishes date back to the 16th century, this style of cooking was largely popularized after the 1869 [[Keiou Restoration]]. Prominent ''kitasoku'' dishes include {{wp|castella}}, a type of sponge cake; {{wp|Hayashi rice|hayasi rice}}, beef and vegetables cooked in a {{wp|Demi-glace|demi-glace sauce}} and served over rice; {{wp|korokke}}, croquettes; {{wp|Cutlet#Japanese cuisine|katuretu}}, breaded cutlets; {{wp|tempura}}, deep-fried seafood or vegetables; and {{wp|Crème caramel#Japan|purin}}, a type of crème caramel.
[[File:Home made Bento.jpg|275px|left|thumb|Single-portion meals known as {{wp|Bento|bentou}} are internationally emblematic of Senrian cuisine.]]
Senrian cuisine makes use of a wide variety of {{wp|Fruit|fruits}} and {{wp|Vegetable|vegetables}}. Vegetables commonly found in Senrian cuisine include {{wp|Napa cabbage}}, {{wp|spinach}}, {{wp|Komatsuna|komatuna}}, {{wp|mizuna}}, {{wp|Cucumber|cucumbers}}, {{wp|eggplant}}, {{wp|Kabocha|kabota}}, {{wp|Scallion|scallions}}, {{wp|Daikon|daikon radishes}}, {{wp|Edamame|soybeans}} and {{wp|Soybean sprout|soybean sprouts}}, {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki beans}}, and {{wp|Shishito|sisitou peppers}}. Fruits used widely in Senrian cuisine include {{wp|Mandarin orange|mandarin oranges}}, {{wp|Kumquat|kumquats}}, {{wp|Loquat|loquats}}, {{wp|yuzu}}, {{wp|Plum|plums}}, {{wp|Persimmon|persimmons}}, {{wp|Pyrus pyrifolia|Coian pears}}, and {{wp|Oriental melon|Austral melons}}. Senrian cuisine is also known for its use of mushrooms - such as the highly-prized {{wp|Shiitake|siitake}} and {{wp|Matsutake|matutake}} mushrooms - and {{wp|edible seaweed}} like {{wp|kombu}} and {{wp|nori}}. Dishes are commonly seasoned with {{wp|soy sauce}}, {{wp|miso}}, {{wp|Dashi|dasi}}, {{wp|mirin}}, or {{wp|vinegar}}; other spices and flavorings include {{wp|wasabi}}, {{wp|ginger}}, {{wp|Myoga|myouga}}, {{wp|Furikake|hurikake}}, and {{wp|Shichimi|sitimi}}. Some less traditional but widely used seasonings are {{wp|monosodium glutamate}}, {{wp|Tonkatsu sauce|tonkatu sauce}}, and {{wp|Mayonnaise#Japan|mayonnaise}}.
 
{{wp|Seafood}} is central to Senrian cuisine. {{wp|Sashimi|Sasimi}}, thinly-sliced raw fish, is an important part of the emblematically Senrian dish {{wp|Sushi|susi}}. Other Senrian seafood dishes include {{wp|tataki}}, lightly-seared tuna; {{wp|Red caviar|ikura}}, caviar made from salmon roe; {{wp|oden}}, a soup of {{wp|surimi}}, eggs, and vegetables in a light broth; {{wp|motoyaki}}, baked seafood topped with mayonnaise; and {{wp|takoyaki}}, fried dumplings made with octopus. The role of {{wp|poultry}}, {{wp|pork}}, and {{wp|beef}} in the Senrian diet was traditionally limited by a lack of arable land and a cultural aversion to the butchering of animals as ritually unclean; it has grown substantially more popular in the past 150 years, however, and dishes containing or based around meat now form an important part of the Senrian diet. Such dishes include {{wp|nabemono}}, the blanket term for a variety {{wp|hot pot}} dishes including {{wp|sukiyaki}} and {{wp|Shabu-shabu|sabu-sabu}}; {{wp|Karaage|kara'age}}, marinated deep-fried meat or fish, widely associated with bars known as {{wp|izakaya}}; and {{wp|yakitori}}, skewered and grilled chicken.
 
''{{wp|Wagashi|Senkasi}}'' is the Senrian term for the country's traditional {{wp|Confectionery|confections}}; the term ''hokugasi'' is sometimes used to refer to desserts of Euclean origin. Senrian confections and desserts include {{wp|Daifuku|daihuku}}, {{wp|Mochi|rice cakes}} filled with {{wp|Red bean paste|adzuki bean paste}}; {{wp|Kuzumochi|kuzumoti}}, cakes made out of {{wp|kudzu powder}} or fermented wheat starch; {{wp|dango}}, sweet rice flour dumplings served on a skewer; {{wp|melonpan}}, {{wp|Sweetroll|sweetrolls}} covered with a thin layer of crisp dough; {{wp|Kompeitō|konpeitou}}, brightly-colored {{wp|Sugar candy|sugar candies}}; and {{wp|Yōkan|youkan}}, small blocks made of adzuki bean paste, {{wp|agar-agar}}, and sugar.
 
{{wp|Tea}}, particularly {{wp|green tea}}, was introduced to Senria in the early 9th century and remains one of the country's most popular and widely-consumed drinks; {{wp|Japanese tea ceremony|tea ceremonies}} are an important ritual in Senrian culture. {{wp|Sencha|Senta}} is the most popular form of tea in the country; {{wp|gyokuro}} is a more exclusive sort of tea, while {{wp|Matcha|matta}} is culturally important and widely used as a flavoring for sweets. {{wp|Black tea}} is less commonly consumed; the culture around black tea in Senria is largely derived from {{wp|Tea in the United Kingdom|Estmerish tea culture}}. Several brands of {{wp|soft drink}}, both carbonated and uncarbonated, are manufactured in Senria; among the most prominent are {{wp|Calpis|Asahico}}, {{wp|Pocari Sweat|Leona Ion}}, and {{wp|Ramune|Kituris}}. The most famous {{wp|Alcoholic drink|alcoholic beverage}} of Senrian origin is {{wp|sake}}, a type of {{wp|rice wine}} with 15% to 20% {{wp|Alcohol by volume|ABV}}. Other Senrian alcoholic beverages include {{wp|Shōchū|soutuu}}, a {{wp|Liquor|distilled liquor}} made from rice, barley, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or brown sugar; {{wp|Umeshu|umesu}}, made by steeping unripe plums in soutuu; and {{wp|awamori}}, the traditional liquor of the [[Isotama Islands]]. {{wp|Beer}}, introduced to the country by Euclean merchants, has become broadly popular in Senria; {{wp|Pale lager|pale lagers}} and {{wp|Ale|ales}} are the most widely produced and consumed beers in Senria. Also popular are {{wp|Happoshu|happousu}}, low-malt alcoholic beverages taxed at a lower rate than proper beer. While it is not widely consumed domestically outside of {{wp|highball}} cocktails, Senrian {{wp|whisky}} has been internationally recognized for its quality and flavor.
 
Senrian cuisine has been widely spread internationally by the [[Senrian diaspora]] and Senrian {{wp|soft power}}. Senrian-style dishes created outside of Senria include {{wp|Western-style sushi|several types}} of {{wp|Sushi#Makizushi|makizusi}}, {{wp|Mochi ice cream|moti ice cream}}, and the {{wp|fortune cookie}}, which is often wrongly thought to be of Shangean origin. Some of these foreign dishes have become so popular that they have in turn been brought back to, and become popular in, Senria itself.
 
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=180 | height=160
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Katsudon 02.jpg
|alt1=A bowl filled with rice topped with egg and breaded pork cutlet.
|{{wp|Katsudon|Katudon}} is a popular type of {{wp|donburi}}.
|File:Kitsune udon.JPG
|alt2=Thick pale noodles floating in broth, topped with fried tofu.
|{{wp|Udon}} noodles topped with fried {{wp|tofu}}, called ''kitune udon''.
|File:Sushi Kanagawa Japan (2013).JPG
|alt3=Several pieces of sushi on a wooden platter.
|{{wp|Sushi|Susi}} is popular both in Senria and internationally.
|Typical yakitori 001.jpg
|alt4=Several skewers of chicken and vegetables.
|{{wp|Yakitori}} prepared with scallions and soy sauce.
|File:Daifuku 1.jpg
|alt5=A building with neoclassical-styled walls and an East Asian gabled roof.
|A plate with a pair of {{wp|Daifuku|daihuku}} filled with {{wp|Red bean paste|anko}}.
|File:Matcha (6328677556).jpg
|alt6=A small cup of foamy green liquid.
|A cup of freshly-prepared {{wp|Matcha|matta tea}}.
}}
 
===Holidays===
{{Main|Public holidays in Senria|Senrian festivals}}
Senria has seventeen official [[Public holidays in Senria|public holidays]]. Of these holidays, eleven - New Year's Day, Coming of Age Day, Victory Day, National Day, Autumnal Equinox Day, Republic Day, Culture Day, Constitution Day, Memorial Day, Vernal Equinox Day, and Labor Day - were established by the [[Public Holiday Law|Public Holiday Law of 1936]]. Children's Day and Respect for the Aged Day were established in 1960, Health and Sports Day in 1966, Marine Day and Mountain Day in 1995, and Greenery Day in 2007. The Public Holiday Law states that, if a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is given as a day off. Additionally, it establishes that a day which falls directly between two other holidays is given as a day off; this turns the period between Culture Day and Constitution Day into a weeklong vacation period known as {{wp|Golden Week (Japan)|Golden Week}}. The dates of Coming of Age Day, Ocean Day, Mountain Day, Respect for the Aged Day, and Health and Sports Day were moved to Mondays by the [[Monday Holiday Law|2013 Monday Holiday Law]], with the goal of creating three-day weekends for Senrian workers.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" |Date
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Estmerish name
! scope="col" style="width: 17.5%;" |Senrian name
! scope="col" style="width: 70%;" |Notes
|-
|January 1 ||{{wp|New Year’s Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|간시뚜}} <small>({{lang|ja|元日}})</small><br>''Ganzitu'' ||Marks the first day of the {{wp|Gregorian calendar}} year.
|-
|''second Monday in January'' ||{{wp|Coming of Age Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쎄신노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|成人の日}})</small><br>''Seizin no Hi'' ||Congratulates individuals who have reached the {{wp|Coming of age|age of maturity}} (20 years) during the preceding year.
|-
|February 12 ||[[Victory Day (Senria)|Victory Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쏘우리끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|勝利記念の日}})</small><br>''Souri Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]].
|-
|February 26 ||[[National Day (Senria)|National Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀꼬꾸끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|建国記念の日}})</small><br>''Kenkoku Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the [[Unification of Senria|unification of Senria]] by the [[Monarchy of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]].
|-
|March 20 or 21 ||{{wp|Autumnal equinox|Autumnal Equinox Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|수우분노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|秋分の日}})</small><br>''Suubun no Hi'' ||Marks the autumnal equinox; commemorates ancestors and the dead.
|-
|April 10 ||[[Republic Day (Senria)|Republic Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾜우외끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|共和記念の日}})</small><br>''Kyouwa Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the start of the [[Senrian Revolution]].
|-
|May 2 ||{{wp|Culture Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|분까노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|文化の日}})</small><br>''Bunka no Hi'' ||Celebrates and promotes [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]].
|-
|May 4 ||{{wp|Children's Day (Japan)|Children's Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꼬도모노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|子供の日}})</small><br>''Kodomo no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian children and childhood.
|-
|May 6 ||[[Constitution Day (Senria)|Constitution Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀뽀우끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|憲法記念の日}})</small><br>''Kenpou Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the ratification of the [[Constitution of Senria]].
|-
|June 16 ||[[Memorial Day (Senria)|Memorial Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|뚜이또끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|追悼記念の日}})</small><br>''Tuitou Kinen no Hi'' ||Commemorates Senria's war dead, both military and civilian, particularly those killed in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] and [[Senrian Genocide]].
|-
|''third Monday in July'' ||{{wp|Marine Day|Ocean Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|우미노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|海の日}})</small><br>''Umi no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senria's oceans and their bounty.
|-
|''third Monday in August'' ||{{wp|Mountain Day#Mountain Day in Japan|Mountain Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|야마노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|山の日}})</small><br>''Yama no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senria's mountains and their beauty.
|-
|''third Monday in September'' ||{{wp|Respect for the Aged Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|께로우노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|敬老の日}})</small><br>''Keirou no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian elders and long life.
|-
|September 22 or 23 ||{{wp|Vernal equinox|Vernal Equinox Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쑨분노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|春分の日}})</small><br>''Sunbun no Hi'' ||Marks the vernal equinox; celebrates the end of winter.
|-
|''second Monday in October'' ||{{wp|Health and Sports Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|때미꾸노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|体育の日}})</small><br>''Tai'iku no Hi'' ||Celebrates athletics and physical education.
|-
|November 3 ||{{wp|Greenery Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|미도리노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|緑の日}})</small><br>''Midori no Hi'' ||Celebrates nature and the environment.
|-
|November 23 ||{{wp|Labour Thanksgiving Day|Labor Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|낀로우깐싸노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|勤労感謝の日}})</small><br>''Kinrou Kansa no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian workers.
|-
|}
[[File:SAPPORO SNOW FESTIVAL 2011 観光大国宣言！北海道 - panoramio.jpg|265px|right|thumb|A snow sculpture at the 2011 [[Nobeoka Snow Festival]].]]
In addition to the country's official public holidays, Senria is home to several unofficial or semiofficial festivals. These include traditional celebrations that are marked nationwide, Senrian equivalents of certain [[Shangea#Holidays|traditional Shangean festivals]], secularized versions of select [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]] holidays, and a litany of local or regional festivals and commemorations ranging from religious rituals to seasonal festivals to cultural celebrations. Many of these local festivals will be backed by area businesses, organizations, and religious institutions, and feature {{wp|Parade|parades}}, food stalls, {{wp|carnival}} games, and similar activities; they may also involve athletic or cultural performances, local sightseeing, {{wp|fireworks}}, sailing, gift-giving, and the playing of games with friends and family.
 
Travelling to visit relatives on holidays and festival days, or to see in festivals from different areas of the country, are important drivers of Senrian domestic tourism; they have also gained popularity with international tourists in recent years. The events of well-known festivals are sometimes broadcast on television. Certain major festivals have been brought to other parts of the world by the [[Senrian diaspora]]; furthermore, many diaspora communities have developed their own unique festivals as a means of celebrating their heritage.
 
===Language===
 
The {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}} is both the sole {{wp|National language|official language}} of and the most widely spoken language in Senria; it is overwhelmingly the dominant language for governance, business, education, and media within the country. Senrian is a member of the {{wp|Japonic languages|Senric}} language family, which has an {{wp|Classification of the Japonic languages|unclear connection}} to the languages of continental [[Coius]]; attempts have been made to demonstrate a genealogical linguistic relation between Senrian and languages or language families including {{wp|Korean language|Baean}}, {{wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}, {{wp|Tibeto-Burman languages|Namkho-Chanwan}}, {{wp|Altaic languages|Shahleghaic}}, and {{wp|Austroasiatic languages|Austrocoianic}}, and even {{wp|Finno-Ugric languages|Kireno-Kantemoshan}} and {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satro-Euclean}}; none of these proposals have garnered substantial support among linguists, however.
[[File:Korean calligraphy-Hangul-01.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A Senrian calligrapher writing in the {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon script}}.]]
The vast majority of Senrian speakers reside within Senria itself. However, Senrian-speaking communities exist across much of Coius as a result of the establishment of ''{{wp|Nihonmachi|senryuumati}}'' by Senrian merchants, settlers, [[Tankenhei|adventurers]], and {{wp|Wokou|raiders}}, and across [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]] as a result of [[Senrian diaspora|emigration from Senria]] during the 19th and early 20th centuries. There are more than a dozen major dialects of Senrian within the country; these dialects vary primarily in terms of {{wp|Morphology (linguistics)#Inflection vs. word formation|inflectional morphology}}, {{wp|vocabulary}}, use of {{wp|Grammatical particle|particles}}, and {{wp|Japanese pitch accent|pitch accent}}. Most Senrian dialects spoken within the [[Senrian archipelago|archipelago]] can be placed into three groups: {{wp|Eastern Japanese|Western}}, {{wp|Western Japanese|Eastern}}, and {{wp|Japanese dialects#Kyushu Japanese|Tousuu}}. The traditional {{wp|Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestige dialect}}, the {{wp|Kansai dialect|Kinkeidou dialect}}, forms the basis of modern Senrian; however, modern Senrian also incorporates elements of the {{wp|Kantō dialect|Saisandou dialect}}.
 
Senrian is written in the {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon script}}, a {{wp|Featural writing system|featural}} {{wp|alphabet}} derived from an earlier [[Ansan Empire|Ansan]] script in the 1890s by [[Yasunari Sekido]] and [[Senrian script reform|implemented]] by the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] beginning in 1939. Prior to this the language used a mixture of adopted {{wp|Chinese characters|Shangean characters}}, known as {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}}, and the {{wp|hiragana}} {{wp|syllabary}}. Gyoumon and hiragana have been near-wholly replaced by Kokumon; they are nowadays only used for {{wp|Signature|signatures}} or stylistic effect. Several systems exist for the {{wp|Romanization of Japanese|solarianization of Senrian}}, known collectively as ''sorazi''; modern Senrian also regularly uses {{wp|Arabic numerals|Rahelian numerals}}.
 
Languages other than Senrian are primarily spoken by members of their ethnic communities. The {{wp|Ryukyuan languages|Isotaman language}}, spoken on the [[Isotama Islands]], is technically a collection of Senric languages that are mutually unintelligible with each other and with standard Senrian, with the {{wp|Okinawan language|Naraziman language}} functioning in practice as "standard Isotaman"; the Senrian government legally regards Isotaman as a dialect of Senrian, however. The {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}} and {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}} languages, meanwhile, are {{wp|Language isolate|language isolates}} with no known relation to eachother or to any other extant languages. While these languages have been accorded limited recognition by some local governments, they have historically faced {{wp|Dialect card|organized suppression}}, and still have no national recognition or protection; as a result, their usage has continuously declined and they are increasingly regarded as endangered.
 
[[File:Isonokami no Maro.jpg|225px|right|thumb|[[Osakabe no Are]] compiled the ''[[Kyuurekiso]]'', Senria's oldest extant literary work.]]
===Literature===
{{Main|Senrian literature|Senrian poetry|Senrian philosophy}}
While fragmentary inscriptions and artifacts from Senria containing {{wp|Classical Chinese|Classical Shangean}} writing have been found as far back as the 400s CE, the earliest Senrian literary works were created in the early 700s, during the [[Kaihou period]]. The oldest extant Senrian work of literature, the ''[[Kyuurekiso]]'', is a collection of myths, legends, and semi-historical accounts compiled in 712 by the nobleman [[Osakabe no Are]]; Osakabe also assisted with the production of the ''[[Senryuugi]]'', another seminal work covering Senrian history and legend, which was finished in 719.
 
Senrian literature and poetry flourished during the [[Kingen period]] thanks to heavy patronage by the nobility. The ''[[Man'youkei]]'', a collection of poetry in the ''{{wp|Waka (poetry)|senka}}'' style and the oldest anthology of Senrian-language poetry, was completed in 762; also popular among the nobility was ''{{wp|Kanshi (poetry)|tousi}}'', poetry written by Senrians in Classical Shangean. It was during this period that the ''{{wp|renga}}'' style of collaborative poetry became formalized. Noblewomen and ladies-in-waiting, such as [[Koharu Hou]], [[Mokusei no Kaneko]], [[Kenreimon'in no Rie]] , and [[Awate Sikibu]], are some of the most acclaimed Senrian authors and poets of the period; Koharu's ''[[The Tale of the Camellias|Tale of the Camellias]]'' is often described as the world's first {{wp|novel}}. Additionally, the ''{{wp|Zuihitsu|zuihitu}}'' genre emerged during the period, and zuihitu works provide invaluable insight into the social dynamics of the period. The ''[[Senmonogatari-suu]]'', an anthology of over a thousand folktales, is of unknown authorship and is believed to have been compiled in the 1100s.
 
The literary trends of the Kingen period by and large persisted throughout the [[Zakkoku period|Zakkoku]] and [[Tigoku period|Tigoku]] periods. The ''senka'' and ''renga'' styles of poetry remained preeminent; the ''zuihitu'' genre similarly persisted, becoming popular with monks, who used it as a means of meditative introspection and theological expression. The prose of the period became increasingly dominated by historical and military epics, such as those of [[Toyoda no Yukinaga]], [[Kenkou Iimura]], and [[Sanehira Takehara]], reflecting the rise of the ''{{wp|Bushido|busidou}}'' code and the {{wp|samurai}} as a social caste. Literary production also became increasingly male-dominated, and spread out across the country as the power of the central government collapsed.
 
Vast changes to Senrian literature came with the [[Suikoku period]], however, as a result of a rising {{wp|Chōnin|urban middle class}} and the arrival of the {{wp|printing press}}, which created a mass market for literature. Prose writing diversified massively, encompassing everything from war stories to romances to travel guides to works of satire. The ''{{wp|Ukiyo-zōshi|ukiyo-zousi}}'', ''{{wp|yomihon}}'', ''{{wp|Kibyōshi|kibyousi}}'', and ''{{wp|gesaku}}'' genres all emerged during the Suikoku period. Prominent authors of the period include [[Kunpei Kobayasi]], [[Sigenori Nisizawa]], [[Denzou Yokoi]], and [[Akinari Hirata]]. Poetry saw similarly consequential developments; the ''{{wp|Renku|haikai no renga}}'' style, which put a vulgar or satirical twist on the traditional ''renga'' style. Simultaneously, poets such as [[Tadahiro Kuzou]], [[Souseki Masaoka]], and [[Hanako Maeda]] used the format of the opening stanza of a ''renga'' to write short, standalone poems, creating the {{wp|haiku}}.
 
Senrian literature and poetry continued to change in the wake of the [[Keiou Restoration]] as they were increasingly exposed to Euclean styles of writing. Major authors and poets of this period include the {{wp|Realism (arts)|realist}} authors [[Kiyosi Nagai]], [[Matuhisa Hamaguti]], and [[Sayuri Minagawa]]; {{wp|Romanticism|romanticist}} authors [[Isirou Rokkaku]] and [[Taisuke Sugita]]; {{wp|Naturalism (literature)|naturalist}} author and poet [[Andou Husae]]; and {{wp|Satire|satirist}} [[Ryouta Rakuyama]]. Prominent contemporary Senrian authors include [[Ienaga Bandou]], [[Kisaburou Ezumi]], [[Kakuei Tagawa]], [[Genta Uegaki]], [[Suzue Norimoto]], and [[Kumie Sasabe]].
 
{{multiple image
|perrow=2
|total_width=275
|align=left
|image1=Sessue HayaKawa by Witzel.jpg
|image2=Toshiro Mifune 1954 Scan10003 160913.jpg
|footer=[[Seiya Aoki]] and [[Kansuke Baisou]] are two of Senria's most famous actors.
}}
===Media===
{{Main|Cinema of Senria|Television in Senria|Video games in Senria}}
The {{wp|cinematograph}} was first exhibited in Senria in 1898, with the first Senrian film, [[Heinosuke Hayakawa]]'s ''[[Tanabata (film)|Tanabata]]'', being made the following year. Early Senrian films drew heavily from traditional {{wp|kabuki}} theater, relying on {{wp|onnagata}} to play female roles and narrators known as {{wp|Benshi|bensi}}, and, for similar reasons, were overwhelmingly ''{{wp|Jidaigeki|zidaigeki}}'', or period pieces. This led to the emergence of the {{wp|Pure Film Movement}}, which called for a more uniquely cinematic approach to film, in the 1910s. The period between the [[Senrian Revolution]] and [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] saw the Pure Film Movement prevail, and while ''zidaigeki'' remained popular, the ''{{wp|Gendai-geki|gendaigeki}}'', or contemporary drama, became increasingly prominent. Some directors - such as [[Daisuke Tuburaya]] and [[Hirokazu Kitamati]] - began to create what were known as {{wp|Tendency film|tendency films}}, socially-conscious and often left-wing films. The outbreak of the Great War saw the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] take control of the film industry, implementing censorship rules and ordering the production of {{wp|War film|war films}}; one such film, 1930's ''[[The Battle of Ogasawara (film)|Battle of Ogasawara]]'', was the country's first full-length {{wp|Sound film|talkie}}.
 
Senrian film of the late 1930s and 1940s emphasized realism, and some of the seminal works of the period - such as ''[[Keisi Elegy]]'', ''[[A Pack of Strays]]'', and ''[[Wisterias in the Autumn]]'' - are regarded as precursors to the {{wp|Neorealism (art)#In cinema|neorealist}} movement. The relaxing of censorship by the government of [[Tokiyasu Kitamura]] led to what is commonly considered the first {{wp|Golden Age (metaphor)|golden age}} of Senrian film. ''Zidaigeki'' - such as ''[[The Nameless Samurai]]'', ''[[The Fox in the Moonlight]]'', ''[[Nizaemon]]'', and ''[[Kakusareta Yousai]]'' - flourished throughout the period; ''gendaigeki'' such as ''[[The Human Condition]]'', ''[[Suzuki-sensei]]'', and ''[[Nagawamura Station]]'' (the first Senrian {{wp|Color motion picture film|color film}}) also did well, as did war films such as ''[[Wolves in the Hills]]'' and ''[[Hanran]]''. Furthermore, this period saw the birth of the internationally popular {{wp|Kaiju|kaizuu}} genre with the 1955 film ''[[Ebirah (film)|Ebirah]]'', and the rise of the {{wp|Japanese New Wave|Senrian New Wave}}. Stricter censorship returned with the rise of [[Takesi Takahata]], however, and, bar a handful of exceptions - such as ''[[Love Lost in Spring]]'' and ''[[Gin'noken]]'' - Senrian film is generally agreed to have stagnated during this period.
 
A second golden age of Senrian film is held to have occurred in the 1980s and 1990s with the liberalization of the [[Kiyosi Haruna|Haruna]] era; films of the period, including ''[[Akayama]]'', ''[[Those Who Speak Ill]]'', ''[[The Sonata]]'', ''[[Kaze no Hai]]'', ''[[Uncurable (film)|Uncurable]]'', and ''[[Sharks in Dark Waters]]'', saw critical and consumer acclaim both domestically and internationally. Animated films also did remarkably well, particularly abroad; prominent animated films of the period include ''[[The Valley of Moss and Steel]]'', ''[[Into Kamimori]]'', ''[[Valkyries in the Heavens]]'', ''[[Keisen'na]]'', and ''[[Venator]]''. Prominent Senrian films of the 21st century include ''[[Departure (film)|Departure]]'', ''[[The Depths]]'', ''[[Sakiko]]'', ''[[Rosemary Tea]]'', and ''[[Conflagration (film)|Conflagration]]''.
[[File:Daikeien amusement arcade 2018-05-10.jpg|265px|right|thumb|An {{wp|Amusement arcade|arcade}} in [[Katuyama Prefecture]].]]
Television arrived in Senria in the 1920s, with the [[SHK]] being formed in 1925; the country was a pioneer in both {{wp|satellite television}} and {{wp|HDTV}}. Since the 1950s, television has been an important part of Senrian soft power; {{wp|Japanese television drama|Senrian television dramas}}, which range from soap operas to police procedurals to comedies to period pieces, are broadcast across much of [[Coius]]. Senrian animated shows, or {{wp|anime}}, are also internationally popular; frequently but not always adapted from {{wp|manga}}, these shows have developed a dedicated following across much of [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]]. Prominent anime series include ''[[Rocketboy]]'', ''[[King of the Jungle]]'', ''[[Space Armada Avalon]]'', ''[[Melancholy in Neon]]'', ''[[New Spectral Crusaders]]'', ''[[Heroines of the Stars]]'', ''[[Telefang]]'', ''[[Platinum Wind]]'', and ''[[Dog Eat Dog]]''. Senria is also well-known for its {{wp|Japanese variety show|variety shows}}, whose fast pace and bizarre challenges have been imitated by their northern counterparts in recent years.
 
Senria has played a prominent role in the video game industry for as long as it has existed; Senrian companies were early manufacturers of {{wp|Electronic game|electromechanical}} and {{wp|Arcade game|arcade games}}, have played a leading role in the {{wp|video game console}} market since the mid-1980s, and pioneered the {{wp|handheld game console}}. The country's {{wp|Japanese mobile phone culture|mobile phone culture}} also means that there is a substantial domestic mobile game market. While the share of the video game market dominated by Senrian companies declined during the 2000s and early 2010s, this trend has been mitigated in recent years.
 
===Music===
{{Main|Music of Senria}}
Traditional Senrian music is traditionally grouped into three categories: ''{{wp|gagaku}}'' (the music of the nobility and imperial court, with a repertoire consisting of {{wp|Shinto music|Tenkyou religious music}} and songs derived from [[Shangea|Shangean]], [[Baekjeong|Baean]], and [[Satria|Satrian]] music, sometimes further subdivided between exclusively vocal and/or instrumental pieces and ''{{wp|bugaku}}'', music that is also accompanied by dance), ''{{wp|Shōmyō|soumyou}}'' (a form of {{wp|Buddhist chant|Zohist chant}} developed by Senrian Zohists), and ''{{wp|Min'yō|min'you}}'' (Senrian {{wp|folk music}}, ranging from {{wp|Work song|work songs}} to {{wp|Sato kagura|vernacular hymns}} to {{wp|Warabe uta|nursery rhymes}}). Traditional Senrian instruments include the ''{{wp|biwa}}'', ''{{wp|Koto (instrument)|koto}}'', ''{{wp|Shamisen|samisen}}'', ''{{wp|Kokyū|kokyuu}}'', ''{{wp|Hichiriki|hitiriki}}'', ''{{wp|Ryūteki|ryuuteki}}'', ''{{wp|Shakuhachi|sakuhati}}'', and ''{{wp|taiko}}''.
 
The [[Keiou Restoration]] and subsequent efforts at modernization introduced [[Euclea|Euclean]] musical styles and instruments to Senria. {{wp|Classical music|Euclean classical music}} was patronized by the imperial government throughout the late 1800s and developed a strong presence in Senria as a result; Euclean-style songs known as ''{{wp|Shōka (music)|souka}}'', compiled into {{wp|Primary School Songbooks (Japanese)|songbooks}}, were obligatory learning material for Senrian students. Particularly popular between the 1870s and 1950s were ''{{wp|gunka}}'', or {{wp|War song|war songs}}, often {{wp|March (music)|military marches}}. Multiple styles of {{wp|popular music}}, including ''{{wp|Ryūkōka|ryuukoka}}'', ''{{wp|enka}}'', and ''{{wp|Kayōkyoku|kayoukyoku}}'', emerged in Senria during the early 1900s; these styles by and large dominated the country's music scene until the mid-20th century. These genres also competed with {{wp|Japanese jazz|jazz}}, which developed a devoted following in Senria in the 1920s.
[[File:Cat's eye karaoke eniwa.jpg|265px|left|thumb|A {{wp|karaoke}} lounge in the town of [[Itoi]].]]
{{wp|Rock and roll}} arrived in Senria in the late 1950s; covers of rock and roll music by Senrian artists like [[Saburou Dogura]] and [[Yosiya Kido and the Tempters]] caused a public craze for rock and roll music. The arrival of {{wp|rock music}} in the 1960s led to the birth of {{wp|Japanese rock|S-rock}} with the {{wp|Group Sounds}} movement, which fused rock with elements of ''kayoukyoku''; successful singers and bands of the genre include the [[The Golden Bears|Golden Bears]], the [[The Vagrants|Vagrants]], the [[The Troubadours|Troubadours]], [[The Grand Finale]], and [[Kouhei Takeda]]. Increasing censorship in the 1970s contributed to the popularity of {{wp|Japanese metal|metal}} and {{wp|Japanese hardcore|punk}} genres, spearheaded by bands such as the [[The Anywheres|Anywheres]], the [[The Kirenians (band)|Kirenians]], the [[The Kazemura Rounin|Kazemura Rounin]], [[Seikika (band)|Seikika]], and [[Jealousy (band)|Jealousy]]; the subsequent liberalization of the 1980s and 1990s allowed for the rise of the {{wp|visual kei}} genre, inspired by {{wp|glam rock}}, and the rise of {{wp|Alternative rock|alt rock}} groups like the [[The Alligators|Alligators]], the [[The Glissandos|Glissandos]], [[Souzo Riot]], and [[Jesus Soter and the Avant-Gardes]]. While some have argued that Senrian rock peaked in the 1990s, its international recognition has grown markedly in recent years.
 
{{wp|J-pop|S-pop}} began to emerge with the {{wp|J-pop#1970s: Development of "new music"|New Music}} movement in the 1970s; artists of the movement, such as [[Arinobu Hirakawa]], [[Mineo Sakano]], and [[Emiko Nakaoka]] produced music focusing on personalistic themes. The New Music movement in turn led to genres such as {{wp|synthpop}} and {{wp|city pop}} in the 1980s. These genres - spearheaded by groups and artists including the [[The Orions|Orions]], the [[The Velvet Telegrams|Velvet Telegrams]], [[Wataru Utagawa]], [[Keizi Hanamura]], [[Sanae Waseda]], and [[Masako Aihara]] - saw widespread success throughout the decade, but were overshadowed in the 1990s by {{wp|Eurobeat|Euclobeat}} artists such as [[Takeru Yamanisi]] and [[Ramona Mandarin]] and by the rising {{wp|Japanese idol|idol movement}}, which came to dominate the S-pop scene in the 2010s, typified by groups like [[SRB18]], [[Go on Three!]], [[Red Enamel]], and [[The Morning Sun Club]]. As with S-rock, S-pop has developed an increasingly international following in recent years; some contemporary idol groups now have international fanbases, while city pop has become a touchstone for microgenres like {{wp|vaporwave}}.
 
===Theater===
{{Main|Theater of Senria}}
{{wp|Noh|Nou}} and {{wp|Kyōgen|kyougen}}, sometimes collectively referred to as ''{{wp|Nōgaku|nougaku}}'', are two of the world's oldest continuous theater traditions, emerging in the 14th century from the earlier ''{{wp|dengaku}}'' and ''{{wp|sarugaku}}'' traditions. Nou generally retells {{wp|Drama|dramatic}} stories from mythology, classic literature, and folklore, using masks, costuming, stylistic use of props, dance, and a mix of singing & speaking to convey the plot. Kyougen, by contrast, is generally {{wp|Comedy|comedic}} in nature, relying more heavily on dialogue & action than nou does and often relying on {{wp|Stock character|stock characters}}; kyougen also lacks the signature masks used in nou. Both nou and kyougen were primarily but not exclusively performed for the traditional aristocratic elite; ''nougaku'' programs traditionally consisted of several nou plays with kyougen plays in between, with most modern programs consisting of two nou plays separated by a kyougen play as an interlude.
[[File:Shibai Ukie by Masanobu Okumura.jpg|285px|right|thumb|A 1740s {{wp|ukiyo-e}} print of a {{wp|kabuki}} performance in [[Tosei]].]]
{{wp|Kabuki}}, another traditional form of theater, emerged in the 17th century. Where ''nougaku'' was by and large reserved for the upper classes, kabuki had widespread public appeal and attracted a socially diverse audience. Kabuki plays covered a variety of subjects and themes, though most fall into the categories of ''{{wp|Jidaimono|zidaimono}}'' (historical plays), ''{{wp|sewamono}}'' (domestic plays, focusing on drama and romance), and ''{{wp|Shosagoto|sosagoto}}'' (dance plays); they typically rely upon elaborate costumes and makeup, ribald humor, and dramatic, stylized performances emphasizing the roles and abilities of the actors. Kabuki actors traditionally use stage names, which are adopted or inherited in elaborate public ceremonies known as ''{{wp|Shūmei|suumei}}''. Other classic types of Senrian theater include ''{{wp|yose}}'', a form of spoken {{wp|vaudeville}}, and ''{{wp|bunraku}}'', a form of {{wp|Puppet|puppet theater}}; both ''yose'' and ''bunraku'' emerged in roughly the same timeframe as kabuki.
 
The [[Kaisei period]] saw the introduction of Northern theater, and Northern dramatic conventions, to Senria. Euclean-style {{wp|Theatre|theatrical}} and {{wp|Opera|operatic}} companies were created at the urging of the imperial government as part of the country's modernization efforts, and Euclean forms of theater continue to be widely performed in Senria; there were more than 3,000 performances of Euclean or Euclean-style plays, operas, and musicals given in [[Keisi]] in 2014. The arrival of Northern theater also led to efforts at synthesis with traditional Senrian theater; the ''{{wp|Shinpa|sinpa}}'' style of theater, which was popular from the 1880s to the 1900s, retained certain aspects of kabuki theater while shifting more towards {{wp|melodrama}} and the adaptation of Euclean plays, while the competing ''{{wp|Shingeki|singeki}}'' style drew more heavily from {{wp|Realism (arts)|naturalism}} and remained preeminent in contemporary Senrian theater circles until the 1960s. Also popular in Senria is ''{{wp|Theatre of Japan#Shōgekijō|sougekizou}}'', or "little theater", plays written and performed by amateur theatrical troupes with the goal of making theater accessible to the general public. ''Sougekizou'' plays are often regarded as being unphilosophical in nature and aimed primarily at entertainment, but some have become highly acclaimed and ''sougekizou'' troupes have become an important source of actors and actresses for other forms of Senrian theater, as well as for cinema and television.
 
===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in Senria}}
 
Many of Senria's traditional sports are {{wp|Japanese martial arts|martial arts}}. The most popular of these within Senria is {{wp|Sumo|sumou}}, a form of full-contact wrestling wherein each wrestler seeks to force their opponent out of the ring or into touching the ground with a part of their body other than their feet; sumou is believed to have emerged from {{wp|Ceremonial dance|ritual dances}} performed in ancient [[Tenkyou]], with historically-attested sumou matches being recorded as far back as the 640s CE. Some other Senrian martial arts - including {{wp|Jujutsu|zuuzutu}}, {{wp|Aikido|aikidou}}, {{wp|Judo|zuudou}}, and {{wp|karate}} - are popular both within Senria and internationally. These martial arts - excluding zuuzutu, which emerged in the 1100s - were developed in the late 1800s, and are sometimes referred to as ''{{wp|Gendai budō|gendai budo}}'' ("modern martial arts") as a result; however, because of their origin within Senria, they are simultaneously commonly called "traditional sports" as opposed to sports of Euclean or Asterian origin. Senrian armed martial arts are much less prominent, both domestically and internationally, than the aforementioned martial arts, which are all unarmed in nature; however, armed martial arts such as {{wp|Kendo|kendou}} and {{wp|Kyūdō|kyuudou}} retain devoted, if comparatively small, domestic followings.
[[File:The Tigers won the game 10-2. (3839653528).jpg|275px|left|thumb|{{wp|Baseball}} is Senria's most popular spectator and participatory sport.]]
The most popular modern sport in Senria, both as a participatory and spectator sport, is {{wp|baseball}}. Baseball was brought to Senria in the late 1870s by [[Asteria|Asterian]] expatriates brought to Senria as teachers, with its early popularity further strengthened by Senrians who had been sent to study in Estmere and were there exposed to the related sport of {{wp|rounders}}; the sport was firmly established in the country by 1900. The highest level of baseball in the country is the [[All-Senria Baseball League]], or ASBL, which was formed in 1936; its annual {{wp|championship}} is the [[All-Senria Championship Series]]. The country has a {{wp|Farm team|farm system}} with two {{wp|Minor league|minor leagues}}, a [[Senrian Women's Baseball League|women's baseball league]], a [[Senrian Collegiate Baseball League|college baseball league]], and a thriving {{wp|High school baseball in Japan|high school baseball}} scene which culminates in a pair of annual tournaments.
 
{{wp|Association football|Soccer}} is the country's second most popular sport. Soccer arrived in Senria in the 1870s, with the country's first soccer club being formed in 1915 and the country's national team being formed in 1935; however, the country did not have an organized national league until 1965, three decades later. The [[Senria Soccer Association]] manages both the country's [[Senria national football team|national team]] and the [[Senria Soccer League]], or SSL; the SSL has a three-tier {{wp|league system}}, with the [[S1 League]] functioning as the top division of the system and the [[S2 League|S2]] and [[S3 League|S3]] leagues below it. Senrian soccer's national cup, which is open to all club teams in the Senria Soccer Association, is the [[Senrian Super Cup]]. The country also has a {{wp|Women's football|women's soccer}} league, the [[Senrian Women's Soccer Association]], and a {{wp|futsal}} league, the [[Senria Futsal League]].
 
Other modern team sports with professional leagues in Senria include {{wp|basketball}} (the [[Senrian Professional Basketball League]] and [[Senrian Professional Women's Basketball League]]), {{wp|handball}} (the [[Senria Handball League]]), {{wp|rugby union}} (the [[Senrian Rugby Association]]), {{wp|gridiron football}} (the [[Senrian Gridiron Football League]]), {{wp|ice hockey}} (the [[Senria Ice Hockey League]]), and {{wp|volleyball}} (the [[National Volleyball Association (Senria)|National Volleyball Association]]).
 
Euclean-style {{wp|boxing}} arrived in Senria by the 1800s; in 1854, local authorities in the port city of [[Isikawa]] organized a friendly competition between Euclean boxers and Senrian martial artists for the public, with the competition reportedly ultimately won by a {{wp|Rikishi|sumou wrestler}}. Senria's official boxing organization is the [[Senrian Professional Boxing Association]]. {{wp|Winter sports}} are widely popular in the country; {{wp|Alpine skiing|Aventine skiing}}, {{wp|ski jumping}}, {{wp|snowboarding}}, {{wp|sledding}}, {{wp|luge}}, and {{wp|Bobsleigh|bobsledding}} are particularly popular as either participatory or spectator sports on account of Senria's mountainous terrain, and {{wp|speed skating}} and {{wp|figure skating}} are both also well-established in Senria. {{wp|Table tennis}} is popular as both a competitive and recreational sport; there is a particularly pronounced rivalry in competitive table tennis between Senria and [[Shangea]]. Senrian automotive manufacturers have been involved in {{wp|Motorsport|motorsports}} since the late 1960s, and particularly successful since the 1980s, regularly performing well against established Euclean manufacturers.
 
Senria is a [[Senria at the Invictus Games|regular participant]] in the [[Invictus Games]]. Senria's national capital, [[Keisi]], has hosted the [[Summer Invictus Games]] twice, in [[1970 Summer Invictus Games|1970]] and [[1990 Summer Invictus Games|1990]]; the country has hosted the [[Winter Invictus Games]] twice, in [[Nobeoka]] in [[1976 Winter Invictus Games|1976]] and [[Ubeyama]] in [[2000 Winter Invictus Games|2000]]. The 1970 Keisi Invictus Games represented the first time the Summer Invictus Games were held in an independent [[Coius|Coian]] country; while the [[1926 Summer Invictus Games|1926]] and [[1958 Summer Invictus Games|1958]] Summer Games were held in [[Adunis]] and [[Jindao]], those cities were colonies of [[Gaullica]] and [[Estmere]], respectively, when they hosted the games.
 
{{Senria topics}}
[[Category:Senria]]

Revision as of 19:53, 9 August 2021

Redirect to:

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Ruridova/Sandbox6&oldid=384815"