User:MichCOdel/Sandbox 4: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Southern Thalassan Languages''' are a group of {{wp|polynesian languages|Multimarei languages}} spoken by the {{wp|polynesian people|Multimarei people}} in [[Thalassa|Southern Thalassa]] in the Thalassan territories of [[Mito|Benau]] and the [[Mito|South Thalassan Circuits]] of the [[Mito|Five Provinces]]. Most Southern Thalassan languages are extinct or moribund with the four most prominent ones being: Hame, Havo, Koele and Kākō. | The '''Southern Thalassan Languages''' are a group of {{wp|polynesian languages|Multimarei languages}} spoken by the {{wp|polynesian people|Multimarei people}} in [[Thalassa|Southern Thalassa]] in the Thalassan territories of [[Mito|Benau]] and the [[Mito|South Thalassan Circuits]] of the [[Mito|Five Provinces]]. Most Southern Thalassan languages are extinct or moribund with the four most prominent ones being: Hame, Havo, Koele and Kākō. They all currently use a modified {{wp|japanese language|Mitonese}} katakana syllabry as a writing system though the {{wp|Greek alphabet|Laimiaic}} and {{wp|Latin alphabet|Aroman alphabets}} have also been used to write the languages. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
==Sound Correspondence== | ==Sound Correspondence== |
Revision as of 08:31, 19 January 2022
Valimian Hesuurinormi | |
---|---|
Heſuurinormi | |
Pronunciation | IPA: [hesuːrinormi] |
Native to | Valimia |
Native speakers | None (written only) |
Emic
| |
Standard forms | Hesuurinormi (official)
Ylänormi (unofficial)
Tasakieli (unofficial)
|
Cambran script (Valimian alphabet) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Valimia |
Regulated by | Paavalpori Language Council |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | hn |
ISO 639-2 | vhn |
ISO 639-3 | vhn |
Hesuurinormi (Valimian: [hesuːrinormi]; literally "Hesurian norm") or Valimian Hesuurinormi is one of the two official written standards of the Valimian language. Hesuurinormi is largely based on the Gulf Valimian dialect. Although Yleiskieli (Valimian: [ylei̯skie̯li]; literally common/standard language) is the overall prefered written standard of Valimian, Hesuurinormi remains used by around 24% of all Valimian speakers as their primary standard mostly in and round the Gulf of Valimia. Hesuurinormi is characterised by its Hesurian influences in spelling, grammar and punctuation.
History
Alphabet
Valimian is written using a modified version of the Cambran Alphabet. Both Yleiskieli and Hesuurinormi use the same alphabet. The Valimian Alphabet has 33 letters.
A a | B b | C c | Č č | D d | E e | F f | G g |
H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o |
P p | Q q | R r | S s | Š š | T t | U u | V v |
W w | X x | Y y | Z z | Ž ž | Ä ä | Ö ö | ſ |
ß |
- The letter Č only appears in yleiskieli in foreign words with the voiceless postalveolar affricate /tʃ/. Hesuurinormi uses "tsch".
- The letter S represents a voiced alveolar fricative /z/ in Hesuurinormi. The voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ is written using the short s (Yleiskieli: lyhyt ässä) "ſ" and the double s (Yleiskieli: tuppla ässä) "ß".
- Yleiskieli does not distinguish between /z/, /s/, /tʃ/ and /dz/ whereby it only uses the letter S.
- Both ß and ſ only appear in lowercase form and are written as "SS" and "S" respectively when capitalized.
Grammar
Differences from Yleiskieli
Similar to Hesurian, Hesuurinormi capitalizes all nouns.
- YK: Minä ostin Ruokaa edellisenä päivänä marketista
- HM: Mä ostisin Kissan erellisen P
Hesuurinormi | IPA | Yleiskieli | IPA | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oekeoſ | [oe̯keo̯s] | oikeus | [oi̯keu̯s] | justice |
Mettä | [metːæ] | metsä | [metsæ] | forest |
tasane | [tɑsɑnʲe] | tasainen | [tasai̯nen] | even |
uſotela | Example | uskotella | Example | believe/sell |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Sample
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Hesuurinormi and Ylesikieli with transcriptions into the IPA:
"Kaik Ichmißet sntüwät wapaen ja tasawerttaſin Arvolttan ja Eukeochsilttan. Heil on annettu Järk ja Omatunt, ja heirä on toemittava toissia kohtta Weljeören Henges."
/kɑi̯k içmisːet sntyʋæt ʋapɑe̯n jɑ tɑsɑʋertːɑsin ɑrʋoltːan jɑ oi̯keo̯ksiltːɑn hei̯l on ɑnːetːu jærk jæ omɑtunt jæ hei̯ræ on toe̯mitːɑʋɑ toi̯sːiɑ koxtːɑ ʋeljey̯ren heŋes/
"Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä."
Controversy
Mito Stuff
South Thalassan Languages | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Southern Thalassa |
Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
Proto-language | Proto-South Thalassan |
Subdivisions | |
The South Thalassan languages Ocher is Havonic; pink is Kākō-Hame |
The Southern Thalassan Languages are a group of Multimarei languages spoken by the Multimarei people in Southern Thalassa in the Thalassan territories of Benau and the South Thalassan Circuits of the Five Provinces. Most Southern Thalassan languages are extinct or moribund with the four most prominent ones being: Hame, Havo, Koele and Kākō. They all currently use a modified Mitonese katakana syllabry as a writing system though the Laimiaic and Aroman alphabets have also been used to write the languages.
History
Sound Correspondence
Proto-Multimarei | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | *m | *n | *ŋ | *w | *f | *s | *h | *l | *r | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-South-Thalassan | *p | *ʔ | *k | *Ø | *m | *n | *k | *w | *v | *h | *Ø | *l | |||
Kākō | p | ʔ/Ø | k | Ø | m | n | k | w | h | k | Ø | l | |||
Hame | l | v/f | h | ||||||||||||
Proto-Havonic | *p | *ʔ | *k | *Ø | *m | *n | *k | *w | *v | *ʔ | *Ø | *l | |||
Havo | p | ʔ/n | k | Ø | m | n | k | w | v | ʔ | Ø | l | |||
Koele | w/k | h | h | w/k |
Subgrouping
The South Thalassan languages are grouped into two groups: Kākō-Hame and Havonic.
† = extinct; (†)= moribund
- Kākō-Hame
- Kākō
- Hame
- North Hame †
- Gamejima Leo
- Havonic
- West Havonic (†)
- Lōtesquan †
- Umanese †
- lårelei (†)
- East Havonic
- Havo
- Kuepoe'e †
- Koele
- Lapēlaone (†)
- West Havonic (†)
Orthography
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* [f] only appears in Kākō |
** [ɾ] in Mitonese |
Grammar
Proto-Multimarei | Kākō | Hame | Havo | Koele | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
*motu | mo'u | molu | monu | mowu | island |
*taŋata | aka'a | lakala | 'akana | wahake | person |
*fenua | henua | finau | venao | venau | land/world |
*qariki | aliki | aliki | aliki | aelihi | chief |
*tapu | apu | lapu | 'apu | kēpu | taboo |
*faa | hā | vā | vua | voa | to split |
*leo | leo | leo | leo | lō | language |
*tiale | iale | liale | 'aele | kele | flower |
*ma(a)qoli | maoli | maoli | maole | maole | true, genuine |
*sawaiki | kawaiki | hawaiki | 'awaeki | kawaeke | homeland |
*katoa | ka'ā | kaloa | ka'oe | hakoe | all |
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stop | p | t | k | ʔ |
Nasal | m | n | ||
Fricative | v f | h | ||
Lateral | l | |||
Glide | w |