User:Lyonsland/sandbox3: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Hennehouwe]][[Category:Cities (Kylaris)]]{{Infobox settlement
|name                    = s'Holle
|official_name          =
|native_name            =
|settlement_type        = {{wp|Capital city}} and [[Hennehouwe#Administrative divisions|city region]]
|image_skyline          = {{Photomontage|position=center
  | photo1a = Skyline_Rotterdam_from_Schiebroek_cropped.jpg
  | photo2a = Brussels ( Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited ) 05.jpg
  | photo2b = Olympiaturm,_Múnich,_Alemania_2012-04-28,_DD_20.JPG
  | photo3a = De_Brouckèreplein_Brussel_juli_2021.jpg
  | photo3b = Royal_Palace_in_Brussels.JPG
  | photo4a = Cinquantenaire_Park_panorama.jpg
  | size = 300
  | spacing = 2
  | color = #FFFFFF
  | border = 0}}
|image_alt              =
|image_caption          = From top down, left to right: the city skyline, [[s'Holle#Religion|St. Charles Cathedral]], the [[s'Holle#Media|s'Holle Broadcasting Tower]], [[s'Holle#Economy|Elsenplein]] {{wp|central square}}, the ''[[Senate (Hennehouwe)|Senaatsgebouw]]'', and [[s'Holle#Geography|Cornelissen Park]]
|image_flag              = Sholle_flag.png
|flag_size              = 125px
|flag_alt                =
|image_seal              =
|seal_alt                =
|image_shield            = Sholle Coat of Arms.png
|shield_alt              =
|etymology              =
|nickname                = ''The Home of Hennehouwe''
|anthem                  =
|motto                  =
|image_map              = {{Location map|Hennehouwe
|alt    =
|lat_deg = 22.1
|lon_deg = 28.2
|position = bottom
|label = s'Holle
|caption =
|width = 300
}}
|map_alt                =
|map_caption            = Location within Hennehouwe
|coordinates            = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:city|display=inline,title}} -->
|coor_pinpoint          =
|coordinates_footnotes  =
|subdivision_type        = Country
|subdivision_name        = {{flag|Hennehouwe}}
|subdivision_type1      = Region
|subdivision_name1      = s'Holle
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|established_title      =
|established_date        =
|founder                =
|seat_type              =
|seat                    =
|government_footnotes    =
|government_type        =
|governing_body          = [[s'Holle#Politics|s'Holle City Assembly]]
|leader_title            = {{nowrap|[[s'Holle#Politics|Mayor–Governor]]}}
|leader_name            = [[Marijne Tijhoff]]
|leader_party            = [[Socialist Labour Party (Hennehouwe)|SAP]]
|leader_title1          = Governing parties
|leader_name1            = [[Socialist Labour Party (Hennehouwe)|SAP]], [[Progressive Democratic Party (Hennehouwe)|VDP]] and [[Green Party (Hennehouwe)|Groen]]
|leader_title2          = [[Senate of Hennehouwe|First Chamber]] seats
|leader_name2            = 7 (of 60)
|leader_title3          = [[Senate of Hennehouwe|Second Chamber]] seats
|leader_name3            = 21 (of 180)
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4            =
|total_type              = Region
|unit_pref              = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
|area_footnotes          =
|area_urban_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
|area_rural_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
|area_metro_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
|area_note              =
|area_water_percent      =
|area_rank              =
|area_blank1_title      =
<!-- square kilometers -->
|area_total_km2          = 332
|area_land_km2          =
|area_water_km2          =
|area_urban_km2          =
|area_rural_km2          =
|area_metro_km2          = 1,803
|area_blank1_km2        =
|length_km              =
|width_km                =
|dimensions_footnotes    =
|elevation_footnotes    =
|elevation_m            =
|population_footnotes    =
|population_as_of        =
|population_density_km2  = auto
|population_note        =
|population_total        = 1,413,551
|population_urban        =
|population_metro        = 2,741,380
|population_demonym      = s'Holler
|population_rank        = 1st ([[Hennehouwe]], city)<br>3rd ([[Hennehouwe]], [[Hennehouwe#Administrative divisions|region]])
|timezone1              = Euclean Standard Time
|utc_offset1            = +0
|timezone1_DST          =
|utc_offset1_DST        =
|postal_code_type        = {{wp|Postal code|Postal code(s)}}
|postal_code            = {{wp|Postal code|SH}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHA}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHB}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHD}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHE}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHM}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHP}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHR}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHS}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHV}}, {{wp|Postal code|SHX}}, {{wp|Postal code|SO}}, {{wp|Postal code|Y}}, {{wp|Postal code|YS}}
|area_code_type          =
|area_code              =
|area_codes              = <!-- for multiple area codes -->
|iso_code                =
|website                = {{URL|sholle.hh}}
|module                  =
|footnotes              =
|blank_name_sec1 = Official languages
|blank_info_sec1 = {{plainlist|
*{{wp|Dutch_language|Hennish}}}}
}}
'''s'Holle''' is the {{wp|capital}} and [[Hennehouwe#Demographics|most populous]] city of [[Hennehouwe]]. The city proper has a population of 1,413,551 and a metro population of 2,741,380 as of the 2018 census. One of the ten [[Hennehouwe#Administrative divisions|constituent regions]] of Hennehouwe and one of only two to be perscribed as a city region, s'Holle is wholly surrounded by the region of [[Flamia]], of which the city was historically part of. The city is situated upon the southern end of the [[River Hol]], from which its name is derived.


The city's origins trace back to the 8th century, when the [[Verliquoian Empire]] established a fortified settlement on the banks of the River Hol. Its size and relevance within the region grew over time, soon becoming the centrepoint of [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] rule in Hennehouwe. s'Holle remained a loyal vassal to Gaullica in its infant centuries, including throughout the [[War of the Jeans]] and the dissolvement of the [[Verliquoian Empire]], though its distinct identity as a Hennish city formed with the bestowment of the [[s'Holle|Duke of Hol]] by the Gaullican Empire in 1367. The city became the {{wp|de facto}} capital of the [[Flamia|Duchy of Flamia]] upon the [[Partition of Hennehouwe]], at which points its prominence as a wider financial and cultural centre increased. Upon the Flamish victory in the [[Gilded Wars]], s'Holle became the effective capital of the whole country, though it remained under vast Gaullican influence until the declaration of the [[Hennehouwe#History|Second Republic]] in 1855. The city was occupied by [[Functionalist Gaullica]] from 1927 until its liberation by [[Estmere|Estmerish]] and [[Werania|Weranian]] forces in 1933, and was the site of the [[Great War|Treaty of s'Holle]] in 1934. The subsequent establishment of the [[Hennehouwe|Third Republic]] in 1935 affirmed s'Holle's role as the capital of a {{wp|federal state|federal}} Hennehouwe, and formally separated the city from Flamia as its own entity with established borders.
As a city region, s'Holle's regional government and legislature has expanded powers that would otherwise be separately granted to regions and municipalities. s'Holle comprises of [[s'Holle#Politics#Districts|twelve districts]], with limited autonomy over local affairs. The city region's {{wp|executive}} is overseen by the [[s'Holle#Politics|Mayor–Governor]], whilst the districts' executives are overseen by district mayors.
s'Holle is Hennehouwe's political, economic and judicial centre. The city is home to the ''[[Senate (Hennehouwe)|Senaatsgebouw]]'', the world's oldest functioning {{wp|stock exchange}} in the [[s'Holle#Economy|s'Holle Stock Exchange]], and the [[s'Holle#Politics|Palace of Justice]]. At a global level, s'Holle is ranked as a [[World_City_Studies_Institute#Second-rate|second-rate]] city by the [[World City Studies Institute]] and is located on the [[Coastal Corridor]]. The city is also the location for a number of international institutions, chief among them the [[Community_of_Nations#International_Court_of_Arbitration_and_Justice|International Court of Arbitration and Justice]] (CIAJ).
==Etymology==
==History==
===Early history===
===Verliquoian era===
===Early modern===
===Late modern===
===20th century===
===Modern day===
==Geography==
===Climate===
==Politics==
===Regional government===
[[File:Femke Halsema 2.jpg|180px|thumb|left|[[Marijne Tijhoff]], [[s'Holle#Regional government|Mayor–Governor]] of s'Holle since 2016.]]
{{Sidebar
| name = s'Holle
| outertitle = [[s'Holle#Regional government|s'Holle City Assembly]]
| topimage =
| pretitle =
| title =
| image = [[File:Hôtel_communal_de_Schaerbeek_(2)_-_2264-0007-0.jpg|200px]]
| headingstyle =
| contentstyle =
| heading1 =
| content1 =
[[File:Sholle_2021.png|240px]]<br>'''Government (54)'''<br>{{colorbox|#EE2A3B}} [[Socialist Labour Party (Hennehouwe)|Socialist Labour Party]] (22)<br>{{colorbox|#0087DC}} [[Progressive Democrats (Hennehouwe)|Progressive Democratic Party]] (17)<br>{{colorbox|#00b13d}} [[Green Party (Hennehouwe)|Green Party]] (15)<br>'''Opposition (41)'''<br>{{colorbox|#006B2D}} [[National People's Party (Hennehouwe)|National People's Party]] (13)<br>{{colorbox|#cc0000}} [[The Left (Hennehouwe)|The Left]] (7)<br>{{colorbox|#21276a}} [[Patriot's March]] (7)<br>{{colorbox|#0000FF}} [[Vox Hennehouwe]] (3)<br>{{colorbox|#FF2929}} [[Red Party (Hennehouwe)|Red Party]] (3)<br>{{colorbox|#FF6A00}} [[People's Party for Sotirian Democracy]] (2)<br>{{colorbox|#7030A0}} s'Holle List (2)<br>{{colorbox|#000000}} [[List of political parties in Hennehouw|LIVE – The Liberal Alliance]] (1)<br>{{colorbox|#dd2e92}} [[List of political parties in Hennehouw|Future.he]] (1)<br>{{colorbox|#adbe18}} [[List of political parties in Hennehouw|The V Party]] (1)<br>{{colorbox|#7E2020}} s'Holle Says No (1)
}}
s'Holle is one of two regions in Hennehouwe with designated '{{wp|city state|city region}}' status – the other being [[Zilverzee]]. Under this constitutional designation, s'Holle has additional jurisdiction over affairs when compared with most other regions, due to its effective role as both a regional and municipal government. As a consequence, the city region's second-level {{wp|administrative divisions}}, districts, have less autonomy than municipalities in other regions. s'Holle's own autonomy is granted by the 1935 [[Constitution of Hennehouwe|Constitution]], whilst its districts are governed by the regional-level s'Holle Districts Act.
The 95-seat directly-elected [[s'Holle#Regional government|City Assembly]] (''Stadsvergadering'') functions as the city and regional {{wp|legislature}}. Its members are {{wp|direct election|directly elected}} every four years via {{wp|proportional representation}}. 60 members are elected through {{wp|open list|open lists}} in the city's twelve districts, whilst the remaining 35 seats are allocated to parties via {{wp|closed list|closed lists}} on the basis of the overall city-wide vote in order to ensure overall proportionality. As there is no {{wp|electoral threshold}} for regional elections in the city, the regional legislature is frequently fragmented, with many minor parties gaining representation that would otherwise by unachievable at a wider level.
s'Holle's governing body is known as the [[s'Holle#Regional government|City Executive]] (''Stadshoofdbestuur'') and consists of thirteen members from the controlling majority in the City Assembly. The City Executive is led by the [[s'Holle#Regional government|Mayor–Governor]] (''Burgermeester–Gouverneur''), who is elected by a working majority of members in the City Assembly and whose title reflects their dual role as the head of a city regional administration.
Since the [[2021 s'Holle regional election|2021 regional election]], the City Executive is formed by a coalition of the [[Socialist Labour Party (Hennehouwe)|Socialist Labour Party]] (SAP), the [[Progressive Democratic Party (Hennehouwe)|Progressive Democratic Party]] (VDP) and the [[Green Party (Hennehouwe)|Green Party]] (Groen). The current Mayor–Governor of s'Holle is [[Marijne Tijhoff]] of the SAP, who has served in that role since 27 July 2016.
===Party support===
s'Holle, like its sister city region [[Zilverzee]], has historically been viewed as a heartland for the {{wp|centre-left}} and for {{wp|socialism|socialist}}-orientated politics at-large. This is largely owed to its role as the epicentre of {{wp|industrialisation}} and in the development of {{wp|worker's rights}}. The [[Socialist Labour Party (Hennehouwe)|Socialist Labour Party]], which was founded in the city in 1918 and is closely linked to the [[Hennish General Trade Union Association]] (HAVA), the country's largest {{wp|trade union}}, has consistently been the most popular party since its founding. The party has won a plurality of the vote in every federal and regional election in s'Holle since the city region's formation in 1934, and has frequently enjoyed a single-party majority in the City Assembly.
Other left-wing parties, notably [[The Left (Hennehouwe)|The Left]] and its predecessors, have also fared much better in s'Holle than in other regions of Hennehouwe. The [[Green Party (Hennehouwe)|Green Party]] have become a strong force in local politics in recent decades, and became the third-largest party in the regional legislature after the [[2021 s'Holle regional election|2021 regional election]]. The {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} [[Progressive Democratic Party (Hennehouwe)|Progressive Democratic Party]] have maintained a steady electorate within the city, courting s'Holle's {{wp|middle class}} and younger voters.
Right-of-center parties have consistently lagged behind their left-of-center counterparts, in a trend seen in most other major eastern [[Euclea|Euclean]] cities. The {{wp|center-right}} [[National People's Party (Hennehouwe)|National People's Party]] significantly underperform in s'Holle when compared with the national average and are currently only the fourth-largest party in the City Assembly. Right-wing and far-right parties, such as the [[Patriot's March]], have had some success in the capital in recent years, especially in white, working class areas.
Recent years have seen a consistent trend of reduced support for the SAP. The party lost its majority in the regional election of 1994, and have continued on a downward trend in support. In tandem with the drop for the SAP has been increased support for 'new' parties such as the Greens and the Patriot's March. The nonexistent threshold to enter s'Holle's legislature has resulted in representation for smaller parties and localist groups, the former of which have often first gained seats in s'Holle before achieving greater national prominence.
===Districts===
===Capital city===
==Demographics==
As of the 2018 census, s'Holle had a population of 1,413,551 people, with a population density of 4,258 per km2. The city is Hennehouwe's largest, whilst it is the third most-populous [[Hennehouwe#Administrative divisions|region]] after [[Flamia]] and [[Lower Stegeren]]. The city's {{wp|metropolitan area}}, which includes itself and much of the surrounding region in south-eastern Flamia, had a population of 2.74 million in the 2018 census, making it the most populous area of the country.
The population of s'Holle has varied over time, remaining comparatively lower than the major centres of other [[Euclea|Euclean]] countries prior to the 16th century. The [[Partition of Hennehouwe]], and the emergence of the city as the centre of the [[Flamia|Flamish Duchy]], led to a rapid increase in both s'Holle's size and population. The {{wp|industrian revolution}} brought about s'Holle's first period of sustained population decline, as workers migrated to the rapidly-growing neighbouring towns. s'Holle's population began to climb again in the early 20th century, before a sharp downturn amidst the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. Following the War's conclusion, the return of the city's native population, combined with the arrival of immigrants from [[Etruria]] and [[Coius]], contributed to an uptick in population. The city's population exceeded one million people for the first time in 1984.
===Immigration===
[[File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F013071-0001,_Walsum,_Gastarbeiterfamilie.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An [[Etruria|Etrurian]] ''gastarbeider'' family in s'Holle (1958)]]
Following a 1996 federal court ruling, the Hennish {{wp|census}} does not include detailed questions related to ethnicity and primary national/regional identity. As of the 2018 census, 246,387 people (17.4%) were foreign citizens, whilst a total of 619,228 people (43.8%) had a ''foreign'' or ''multi-national'' background (i.e. had at least one parent of non-native origin). This makes s'Holle one of the most ethnically diverse cities in Hennehouwe – only [[Zilverzee]] has a higher proportion of citizens from a ''multi-national'' background.
s'Holle has a long history of immigration, gaining a tradition as a {{wp|sanctuary city}} at the crossroads of the religious divide in eastern [[Euclea]]. The city became a point of refuge for [[Atudism|Atudites]] at various points during the second millenium, notably during the 14th and 17th centuries. Following Partition and the ascendency of the radical {{wp|Protestantism|Amendist}} [[Sotirian Commonwealth]] in the north, s'Holle was the destination for thousands of [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholics]] fleeing from persecution.
Immigration rates increased exponentially following the 1940's, attributed to the federal {{wp|gastarbeiter|guest worker}} (''gastarbeider'') program, as well as Hennehouwe's acession into the newly-founded [[Euclean Community]]. Under the ''gastarbeider'' system, tens of thousands of [[Etruria|Etrurians]], [[Paretia|Paretians]], [[Zorasan|Irvadis]] and [[Dezevau|Dezevaunis]], among other groups, migrated to the city and its hinterlands. s'Holle welcomed additional Irvadi immigrants following the outbreak, and subsequent end, of the [[Zorasani_Unification#Irvadistan War (1975-1979)|Irvadistan War]] in the late 1970's.
The largest minority group in s'Holle are those of Etrurian origin. Etrurians made up by far the single largest cohort of ''gastarbeiders'' during the program's existence. Including {{wp|Immigrant generations|second-}} and third-generation immigrants, and those with at least one parent of Etrurian origin, Etrurians today make up approximately a quarter of a million of s'Holle's population – more than one-sixth of the city-wide population. The cultural impact of Etrurians on the city is significant, with parts of the city with high concentrations of Etrurians being dubbed colloquially as ''Poca [[Povelia]]''.
s'Holle also has large numbers of citizens from neighbouring EC member states, including [[Gaullica]], [[Kesselbourg]], [[Estmere]] and [[Caldia]]. There are also significant communities of [[Nuvania|Nuvanian]], [[Satavia|Satavian]], [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] and [[Senria|Senrian]] people.
===Religion===
{{Pie chart
| caption=Religion in s'Holle (2018)
| other = yes
| label1 = [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholic]]
| value1 = 40.6
| color1 = gold
| label2 = {{wp|Irreligion|Irreligious}}
| value2 = 34.9
| color2 = grey
| label3 = {{wp|Protestantism|Amendist}}
| value3 = 8.8
| color3 = blue
| label4 = [[Irfan|Irfanic]]
| value4 = 7.6
| color4 = green
| label5 = {{wp|Judaism|Atudaist}}
| value5 = 2.5
| color5 = purple
| label6 = [[Badi|Badist]]
| value6 = 1.8
| color6 = red
| label7 = Other [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]]
| value7 = 1.6
| color7 = yellow
| label8 = [[Zohism|Zohist]]
| value8 = 1.0
| color8 = teal
}}
s'Holle is home to diverse mix of religious affiliations. [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholicism]] was historically the dominant religion in the city, owing to its location in the Catholic-majority south and the influence of Gaullican rule over the city. Today, Solarian Catholics form a plurality of s'Holle's population with 40.6% as of the 2018 census. It is the most common affiliation among both native Hennish and those from a multi-national background. The percentage of Catholics in s'Holle is significantly higher than the national figure of 29%, but lower than the Flamish figure of 57%. A significant portion of s'Holle's Catholic population are of [[Etruria|Etrurian]] origin, among whom it is the majority religion. [[s'Holle#Religion|St. Charles Cathedral]] is the {{wp|episcopal seat}} for the Archbishop of Eastern Flamia and the {{wp|Primate}} of Hennehouwe.
{{wp|Protestantism|Amendists}} are the second-largest directly-affiliated group, comprising  8.8% of the city's population. s'Holle has the second-lowest percentage of Amendists of all regions in Hennehouwe, after [[Molenburg]]. The majority of Amendists are affiliated with the [[Unified Hennish Church]], with others belonging to the [[Reformed Confessional Church]] and other smaller churches.
The third-largest religion is [[Irfan]], at 7.6% of the population. The majority of Irfan in s'Holle are those of [[Coius|Coian]] descent, particularly [[Irvadistan|Irvadis]] and [[Mabifia|Mabifians]]. s'Holle is home to the [[s'Holle#Religion|Centraal Mazaar]], the largest {{wp|mosque|mazar}} in the country.
The [[Atudism|Atudite]] population in s'Holle stood at 2.5% as of the 2018 census, and is the largest Atudite community in Hennehouwe. s'Holle was a place of {{wp|refuge}} for thousands of Atudites fleeing persecution during the 14th and 17th centuries, with large numbers settling in the city. The share of Atudites to the total population has been in steady decline since the beginning of the 20th century, but stabilised in the early 21st century thanks to increased immigration of Atudites from [[Tsabara]].
[[Badi]] accounts for 1.8% of the population, whilst 1.0% identify as [[Zohism|Zohist]]. A further 1.6% identify as [[Sotirianity|Sotirianity]] other than Solarian Catholic or Amendist – many of whom are [[Episemialist Church|Episemialist]] and {{wp|Quakerism|Amicablites}}. 1.2% belong to another or undefined religious group.
Those who declare themselves {{wp|irreligion|irreligious}} or {{wp|atheism|atheist}} make up the second-largest affiliation overall in the city at 34.9%. This proportion has grown significantly over the last century, as younger generations of city dwellers increasingly dissociate from organised religious practice. The rate of irreligion in s'Holle exceeds the national percentage of 21%, and is significantly higher than in other southern regions.
==Economy==
==Transport==
==Education==
==Culture==
===Cityscape===
===Art===
===Media===
===Food===
===Sport===
===Nightlife & festivals===
==International relations==
===Sister cities===

Revision as of 02:37, 24 March 2022

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