Svenskbygderna

Hverland Hverøyken
Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Räna
Official languages	English, Swedish, Hverlandic
Recognised national languages	Swedish, Hverlandic
Recognised regional languages	Icelandic
Ethnic groups (2022)	91% Hverlandic 3% Polish 3% Jewish 2% Ukrainian 1% Other
Religion	Church of Hverland
Demonym(s)	Hverlander
Government	Unitary multi-party parliamentary republic with significant elements of direct democracy
• Prime Minister	Sölbrun Hallsdottir
Legislature	Rokthing
Population
• 2020 estimate	130,435 (178th)
• Density	2.9/km2 (7.5/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$6.9 billion
• Per capita	$50,000
Gini (2017)	28.95 low
HDI (2020)	0.946 very high
Currency	Luther Mynt
Date format	dd/mm/yy (NG)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+54
ISO 3166 code	HV
Internet TLD	.hv

Hverland (Hverlandic: Hverøyken) is a small Nordic island country in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It is located around 300km southeast of Iceland and 100km from Norway. The capital city is Räna. It is home to around 305,000 people.

Hverland's recorded history began with the settlement by Viking explorers around 1259. The land was settled quickly, mainly by Swedes who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm. In the early thirteenth century, both Iceland and Hverland became subjugated to Norwegian control which, in turn, was united with Sweden (1319) and then Denmark (1376). Eventually all of the Nordic states were united in one alliance, the Kalmar Union (1397–1523), but on its dissolution, Iceland fell under Danish rule, and Hverland fell under Swedish rule.

Hverland remained part of Sweden, but in keeping with the rise of nationalism around Europe in the nineteenth century, an independence movement emerged. Hverland shared the Swedish Monarchy until 1862, after which it declared independence.

Due to Hverland's isolated and heterogenous population, the nation demonstrates a cohesive national character more clearly than many countries. That character is attributed to the inhospitable landscape, the constant darkness of its winters, and the need to work together in order to survive. Hverlanders are highly agreeable and compassionate people, reflected in the state's strong social welfare system, while also harboring conscientiousness and responsibility, reflected by the high GDP per capita, high level of educational achievement, and more recently significant technological advancements. It is both tolerant, free and peaceful, as well as neutral and isolated. The country rests on the fault lines of differing philosophies.

Hverland comes across as a typical Scandinavian-inspired state: it has liberal views towards the LGBT community, gender equality, same-sex marriage, and the death penalty, although it is unique in its relatively restrictive abortion laws. It is home to a collective bargaining culture, a strong belief in both personal and more specifically digital privacy, a high degree of public safety and a complex social insurance scheme which mixes private and public funding and provision. Hverland has reluctantly accepted the need for firearms within its uniquely-positioned society and has legalized marijuana. The development of many of Hverland's significant social reforms have been instigated by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hverland, which is the official state church of Hverland. Around 76% of citizens were members of the church in 2021.

Demographics

Hverland is one of the most ethnically homogenous societies in Europe, with 92% of the population identifying as ethnic Hverlanders. Hverlanders are a North Germanic ethnic group who descended from Norsemen originally from Sweden, and later Iceland. Hverlanders share a common culture and religion, but most Hverlanders in the south of Hverland speak Swedish instead of Hverlandic. This regional difference is a remnant of the Swedish monarch's forced assimilation campaign during the 19th century, when waves of Swedish settlers overwhelmed the native population. After Hverland's independence, the new Swedish settlers assimilated into the nation and today are also considered Hverlanders.  The country resettled nearly 1,000 Jews during the second World War, and their numbers have slowly grown to about 3% of the population as of 2020.

Statisics Hverland is the national statistical institution established in 1905. It's primary responsibility is to collect, process and share data on the economy and society with the public.

Immigration

Over recent years, the immigrant population has been growing. In 2021, 8% of the population identifies as foreign-born, with the largest groups originating from Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine. However, since 2018, the centre-right government has placed more stringent requirements on obtaining citizenship, including a language fluency requirement.

Rank	Country of origin	Population	Percent
1.	Hverland	119,008	91.24%
2.	Poland	2,791	2.14%
3.	Ukraine	1,604	1.23%
4.	Lithuania	934	0.71%
5.	Sweden	888	0.68%
6.	Estonia	723	0.56%
7.	United States	422	0.32%
8.	Germany	408	0.32%
9.	Iceland	334	0.31%
10.	Latvia	301	0.31%
11.	Norway	250	0.31%
12.	India	194	0.25%
13.	Canada	131	0.16%
14.	All others	2,447	1.9%

Race

White people are the predominant race in Hverland. There is a sizeable Jewish population, and in terms of percentage of the population, is the largest outside Israel. About 1% of Hverlandic citizens classify themselves as people of Sámi heritage. Asians (mostly Indians) make up around a quarter of a percent.

Race	Numbers	Percentage
White	124,304	95.30%
Jewish	4,028	3.13%
Sámi	1,420	1.14%
Asian	342	0.28%
All others	341	0.28%
Total	130,435	100.0%

Languages

Hverlandic and Swedish are the mother tongues of 70.2% and 26.4% of Hverlanders respectively. Under the Bilingual Languages Act, Hverlandic and Swedish have equal status in federal courts, parliament, and in all government institutions. The public has the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either Hverlandic or Swedish. All online content produced by the government must be posted in both languages. Immigrants who are applying for citizenship must be able to fluently speak either Hverlandic or Swedish. For most of Hverland's history, Swedish-speakers were underrepresented, and Hverlandic-speakers were overrepresented in the ranks of the public service. However, this gap has shrunk in recent decades.

The Swedish-speaking community is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country. They make up majorities in the towns of Uddellefteå, Linberg, Skegård, Båtköping and Grönsås. About 9% of people living in the capital city of Räna listed Swedish as their primary language, while another 5% said they were fluent in both Swedish and Hverlandic.

English is spoken by nearly 95% of people living in Hverland, and often acts as the auxiliary language between Hverlandic and Swedish speakers. English is taught as a required second language in Hverlandic schools. While English is not formally recognized by the government, most public services offer an English option.

Several languages were introduced as a result of immigration to Hverland such as Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, and Latvian. German and French are mainly used for international business and relations. Two languages (Icelandic and Yiddish) have recognized minority language status. Recognized minority language status enshrines the right of speakers of these languages to receive schooling and other legal services in their language.

Languages spoken in Hverland

Language	Recognized	Number of speakers	Percent of population
English	No	125,478	96.2%
Hverlandic	ONL	96,261	73.8%
Swedish	ONL	37,304	28.6%
German	No	7,695	5.9%
Icelandic	RML	4,173	3.2%
Polish	No	3,913	3.0%
Ukrainian	No	1,565	1.2%
Yiddish	RML	1,304	1.0%
Norwegian	No	1,300	1.0%
French	No	1,173	0.9%
Hebrew	No	1,099	0.9%

Religion

Religion in Pharexia (2021)

  Evangelical Lutheran Church of Pharexia (77.8%)

  Lutheran Free Churches (5.7%)

  Roman Catholic Church (4.9%)

  Eastern Orthodox (2.1%)

  Latter-day Saint (1.0%)

  Other Christian (0.7%)

  Jewish (2.1%)

  Other non-Christian (0.5%)

  Unaffiliated (5.2%)

For much of Hverland's history, Christianity has dominated the public and private sphere of daily life. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hverland (commonly called the State Church) is both the established church in Hverland as well as the largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 80% of the population reported as members. Membership in the State Church has decreased in recent decades, though most of those who have left the state church are still Lutheran. There are several smaller Lutheran churches officially unaffiliated with the Church of Hverland that an additional 6% of the population affiliates with.

Lutheranism in Hverland is influenced on the Pietist movement of the early 18th century. Pietistic Lutherans emphasize following "biblical divine commands of believers to live a holy life and to strive for holy living. Frugality, humility, restraint, and sense of duty and order are common virtues of Pietistic Lutherans in Hverland. The second largest Christian denomination in Hverland is Catholicism, making up nearly 5% of the population. Eastern Orthodox adherents make up around 2% of the population, and around 1% of Hverlanders are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In total, Christians make up around 93% of the population. Their distribution is spread relatively equally throughout the country, although non-Lutheran Christians are almost entirely exclusive to the capital city.

Religion continues to play a significant role in the debate over abortion and physician-assisted suicide in Hverland. The official Church of Hverland stance is, "Human life is a sacred gift from God. Elective abortion for personal or social convenience is contrary to the will and the commandments of God. Church members who submit to, perform, encourage, pay for, or arrange for such abortions may lose their membership in the Church". The Conservative Party, New Future, and the Christian Democrats all generally oppose abortion and cite these values as one of their justifications. The Moderate Party and the Liberals tend to be split on the issue, while the Social Democrats and Green-Left parties tend to support the introduction of limited abortion rights.

While Lutheranism is officially the state religion, People's Law guarantees religious freedom and upholds equality, no matter one's religious affiliation. In the last census, around 6% of the population identified as having no religion.

A little over 2% of Hverlanders are religiously observant Jews.

Administrative districts

Hverland is composed of 21 municipalities, The main tasks of the municipalities are regional planning, education, and emergency services. In addition, the public health services are usually organized on the basis of regions. Three municipalities, known collectively known as the Grundaríslands, have a special status within Hverland and have a much higher degree of autonomy than the others, with their own collective parliament and local laws, due to its unique history and the fact that the overwhelming majority of its people are Icelandic Hverlanders who speak Icelandic. Icelandic is rarely spoken outside of the Grundaríslands and does not have official status on the mainland (although has national minority recognition). The population of the Grundaríslands was 13,772 in 2021, or 4.5% of Hverland's total population.

Economy

Economically, Hverland might typically be thought of as a socialist state: incredibly generous paternity leave, government-funded job training for the unemployed, and free healthcare. But underlying these interventionist policies is a core of liberal economics. Public spending is 23% of GDP, but this has been in decline for nearly two decades and is continuing its downward trend. In the same period, public debt has more than halved from 70% of GDP to 34% thanks to a shift in the budget from an 11% deficit to a 0.8% surplus. A lot of this has come about by allowing private companies to provide public goods by competing for contracts alongside public providers. What this sort of system amounts to is not the free market guiding the public sector, but being allowed to contribute to a well-developed welfare state. Since the initial wave of liberalisation efficiency savings haven't budged much and there is continued debate about whether private firms provide the same quality as public-run services. In essence, Hverland attempts to balance a competitive business environment with a high level of public provision of goods and services. It does not do so by sticking rigidly to the traditional free-market vs. planned economy dichotomy, but by focusing on the ends it wants to achieve (such as a higher quality of life, happiness and individual autonomy, among others) and determining which means will best accomplish them.

Hverland's political system is well suited to this economic approach. Human capital is at the centre of the government's economic agenda, and its directorial democratic institutions offer an atmosphere of trust and stability which facilitates continued safe investment. Society's egalitarian nature and easy mobility further reassures Hverlanders of the system's success and ensures their support for it. While the state does employ around 30% of the labour force, the focus of policy is on individual autonomy within an open economy rather than on state direction. This is why the private sector has been brought back into state policy after clumsy top-down planning of the mid-to-late 20th century. As one example of 'intelligent government', Hverland uses a form of 'flexicurity' that allows firms to sack employees with considerable ease, but then uses government resources and facilities to provide these unemployed citizens with generous benefits and considerable assistance in finding new work. Similarly, the government uses resources to invest in innovation within problem areas, rather than trying to solve those problems through taxes which historically proved ineffective within Hverland. Essentially, the government tends to turn political projects into business plans. In other areas, such as education, the government refuses to consider private involvement, but in these cases tends to offer a considerable degree of autonomy to the local providers rather than centrally-directing efforts.

In the 1990s, Hverland suffered a deep recession following the collapse of a telecommunications bubble The government's long-term response has been to encourage a wider range of vocational courses throughout the education system and to support graduates in creating diverse start-ups through a venture-capital fund. The fund is controlled by the Federal Technological Innovation Agency, which works alongside large businesses to provide support and advice to high-potential start-ups. This example is simply to show that innovation and entrepreneurism are strongly encouraged in the Hverlandic economic system. Its flaws are twofold: (1) many start-ups remain small in scale, or (2) they move abroad when they do begin to significantly expand. Recent government efforts to counter these problems have seen corporation tax reduced from 32% to 25%, and there is talk of further cuts.

Culture

Hverlandic culture is often seen to have arisen as a fusion of the Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic elements. While Hverlandic attitudes around most cultural issues tend to be quite liberal like the rest of Scandinavia, one area where the nation is a notable outlier relates to sexual morality – sexual relations outside marriage are controversial and promiscuity is looked down upon. Social scientists disagree on why this taboo exists.

Hverlandic music has had long folk and popular traditions. Hverlandic folk music is believed to have started with the setting of poetry and Christian and Lutheran prayers to musical backing, for group entertainment and worship, and of purely instrumental tracks played at social gatherings for entertainment, often featuring group dancing. Traditional instruments that these were played on generally consist of pipes and fiddles.

The fusion of these folk ballads and instrumental dance pieces with the work songs found by many in the cities led to popular music in the late 19th century; performers turned away from the poetic or religious lyrics of traditional folk music towards singing about every day issues many of its singers faced, such as the hardships of labour or romantic pursuits; many would start performing these songs at bars in Östsjö, gaining larger audiences. In the modern day, these styles of music have grown into Hverlandic styles of schlager, which in the modern day has seen many electronic influences, yet the ballads detailing people's ordinary lives still persist.

Hverlandic philosophy has developed as a particularly rich field over the years, with philosophers exploring many questions within the subject within their works. Notably, Hverlanders have done much to explore the philosophy of Lutheranism, its implications on the world, and the development of Hverlandic Lutheranism; much of this philosophy has had a great influence on the policies of Hverlandic governments in both a religious and secular form.

International

Despite the nation being known for its state of neutrality, this has been questioned in recent years, with Hverland becoming a member of NATO in 2017. Though Hverland is philosophically and constitutionally a pacifist country, it continues to maintain a minimal defense force that consists of a coast guard and national guard. Hverland is also a member of the UN, OECD, and the Nordic Council. Hverland ranks high in economic, democratic, social stability, and equality. It is consistently ranked as one of the most developed countries in the world and high on the Global Peace Index. The country runs entirely on renewable energy.