Hyunmoo-2D

Hyunmoo-2D
Hyunmoo-2D missile launching from a transporter erector launcher (TEL).
Type	Anti-ship ballistic missile
Place of origin	Joseon
Service history
Used by	Royal Joseon Armed Forces
Production history
Designer	Agency for Defense Development
Produced	2017 - present
Specifications
Propellant	solid fuel
Operational range	up to 1,500 km (930 mi)
Speed	Mach 4.5 (3,425 mph; 5,513 km/h)(Midcourse phase) Mach 7 (5,328 mph; 8,575 km/h)(Terminal phase)
Guidance system	Inertial + terminal active radar guidance
Launch platform	mobile launchers
Transport	K409 transporter erector launcher

Hyunmoo-2D missile is a two-stage, solid-fuel rocket, single-warhead anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM) developed by Joseon's Agency for Defense Development(ADD). It was developed based on the Hyunmoo-2, and was developed in 2014, but the first deployment took place in 2020.

Unlike other ASBMs, the Hyunmoo-2D focuses on active anti-ship missions and securing maritime control, not A2/AD missions. The K409 transporter erector launcher, a vehicle that carries missiles, is designed to operate off-road and has high maneuverability. Based on the vehicle's capabilities, the Hyunmu-2D is transported via cargo aircraft, deployed at an island or land-based bridgehead base near the coast of or near the enemy's control, and then focused on its mission to launch attacks on enemy fleets.

Development

The Hyunmoo-2D began to be developed under the Royal Joseon Army's plan to secure a land-based anti-ship weapons platform that could be quickly deployed on Joseon's territory or its allies' bases. At the time, the ADD strongly considered ground-based cruise missiles, ground-based ballistic missiles, or long-range self-propelled howitzers, and at first, the Army favored long-range self-propelled howitzers. However, due to technical limitations, the long-range self-propelled howitzers could not have a firing range of more than 250 km. This was below the performance required by the military.

In response, ADD considered ground-launched cruise missiles, but civilian officials of the Ministry of Defense at the time wanted to achieve tangible results by developing innovative weapons systems. Eventually, a ground-launched anti-ship ballistic missile platform was finally selected, and ADD began developing the Hyunmoo-2D.

To address the relatively low accuracy rate and lack of real-time guidance on targets, ADD researchers have installed a multi-mode seeker on the Hyunmu-2D to enable more accurate tracking of moving targets. They have also integrated Hyunmoo-2D's data link with the data link of RQ-95K HALE UAV, which was in development at the time, and the data link of the Chollian-2M radar satellite, which had been completed.

The Hyunmoo-2D was completely developed and started to come into production in 2017. Despite its various types of seekers and target tracking systems, its utility was consistently questioned due to the low accuracy rate of the type of weaponry called ballistic missiles. In fact, in a real-life shooting test in May 2017, the Hyunmoo-2D missile did not hit an unmanned target ship in motion.

To address the accuracy rate problem, ADD developed a new multi-mode seeker with stronger performance and applied it to the Hyunmoo-2D. With the release of KPS, Joseon's satellite navigation system, in 2019, ADD sought to improve the accuracy rate by adding KPS' satellite navigation reception function to the data link of Hyunmoo-2D.

In June 2021, all 6 missiles launched during the actual shooting test of the Hyunmoo-2D hit and sank unmanned ships in motion, substantially eliminating the issue of the Hyunmoo-2D's accuracy rate four years after its completion.

Design

Hyunmoo-2D adopted maneuverable reentry vehicles (MaRVs) with terminal guidance as warheads. Hyunmoo-2D's MaRVs warhead receives information about the real-time location of the target from KPS navigation satellites and the Chollian-2M series AESA radar satellites and is guided to the target. If necessary, the warhead can also receive information about the location of the target from reconnaissance UAVs, such as RQ-95K UAVs, and reflect it in the missile's guidance. In addition, the Hyunmoo-2D's warhead is equipped with a multi-mode seeker to improve the target's location information error caused by the time it takes to receive information from satellites or UAVs.

Using its 800-kg high explosive warhead and enormous kinetic energy generated in the terminal phase, the Hyunmoo-2D is able to hit sea targets, such as large ships. The midcourse phase speed of the Hyunmoo-2D is Mach 4, but the warhead's speed in the terminal phase reaches Mach 7.

The transporter erector launcher, which transports and launches the Hyunmoo-2D, is K409. The K409 can be transported on large cargo aircraft, such as C-17, and deployed quickly on the battlefield because it does not need to be disassembled during the transport.

Operators

Joseon

• Royal Joseon Armed Forces