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=1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)=
=1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)=
The '''Tepēilhuitl Crisis''' of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in the [[Pulacan|Union State of Pulacan]]. The crisis culminated in an attempted {{Wp|coup d'etat}} against the Pulatec government by elements of the [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Gendarmerie]] led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.
{{Infobox military conflict
 
== Background ==
{{Main|Lost Decade (Pulacan)}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
| conflict    = Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
| width      =  
| width      = 250px
| partof      = the [[Lost Decade (Pulacan)|Pulatec lost decade]]
| partof      = the [[Lost Decade (Pulacan)|Pulatec lost decade]]
| image      = Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
| image      = Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
| image_size  = 200px
| image_size  = 200px
| caption    = Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
| caption    = Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
| date        = 13 April–2 May 1997
| date        = 16 April–2 May 1997<br>(18 {{wp|teōtlehco|''teōtlehco''}}—14 {{wp|tepēilhuitl|''tepēilhuitl''}}, 1253 {{wp|Xiuhpōhualli|XP}})
| place      = Pulacan, primarily [[Aachanecalco]], [[Mabesekwa]] and Mohembo
| place      = Pulacan, primarily [[Aachanecalco]], [[Mabesekwa]] and Mohembo
| result      = Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated
| result      = Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated
Line 16: Line 13:
* Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
* Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
* T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator die in custody
* T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator die in custody
* End of political career of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli
* Eventual downfall of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli  
* Pulatec general election of June 1997
* Pulatec general election of June 1997
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} [[Pulacan|Union State government]]
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} [[Pulacan|Union State government]]
* [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]] <small>(main branch)</small>
* [[File:Aztec_solar_disc.svg|20px]] [[Union Security Forces (Pulacan)|Union Security Forces]]
* {{nowrap|[[Spanish Armed Forces]]<br><small>(all branches except the<br>Captaincy General of Valencia)</small>}}
** [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Gendarmerie]]<br><small>(all units except those<br>loyal to Tshola)</small>
* [[National Police Corps]]
* [[Pulacan#Government and politics|''Yocoxcaquizque Pulacan'']]
* [[Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa|CESID]]
* [[File:Station_yellow.svg|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Popular Alliance for the Republic]]
'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flagicon|European Union}} [[European Economic Community|EEC]]
* {{nowrap|[[File:Sun_red_icon.svg|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Juwa Party]]}}<br><small>(prior to 20 April)</small>
| combatant2  = {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} Neo-[[Francoist Spain#Francoism|Francoist]] rebels
'''Supported by:'''
* {{nowrap|[[Spanish Armed Forces]]<br><small>(Captaincy General of Valencia)</small>}}
* [[File:AMOS_Flag.png|20px]] [[Association of Ozeros Nations|AON]]
* [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]] <small>(rebels)</small>
| combatant2  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Coup plotter loyalists
* [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Gendarmerie]]<br><small>(units loyal to Tshola)</small>
| combatant3  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Popular opposition
* {{nowrap|[[File:Sun_red_icon.svg|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Juwa Party]]}}<br><small>(after 20 April)</small>
* [[File:Gear-icon-blue-transparent-background.png|22px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Nguzo Party]]
| commander1  = {{plainlist|
| commander1  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Capanilli Tezozomoctli
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Adolfo Suárez]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Pantla Papalotl<br><small>(prior to 20 April)</small>
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Sabino Fernández Campo, 1st Count of Latores|Sabino Fernández Campo]]
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Spain|1977}} {{ill|Guillermo Quintana Lacaci|es|}}}}
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Spain|1977}} {{ill|José Gabeiras|es|}}}}
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Landelino Lavilla Alsina|Landelino Lavilla]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Francisco Laína]]
}}
}}
| commander2  = {{plainlist|
| commander2  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Antonio Tejero]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} T.B. Tshola{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Jaime Milans del Bosch]]
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Alfonso Armada]]
}}
}}
| strength1  = All of the Spanish military and police corps except for the rebels
| commander3  = {{plainlist|
| strength2  = 1,800 men (in Valencia)<br>200 [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guards]] (in Madrid)<br>Dozens of [[tank]]s and other [[military vehicle]]s
* [[File:Sun_red_icon.svg|22px]] Pantla Papalotl <br><small>(after 20 April)</small>
| casualties3 = None
}}
}}
| strength1  = All of the [[Uniformed services of Pulacan|Pulatec uniformed services]] except for the rebels
| strength2  = 1,200 men<br>Dozens of military vehicles
| strength3  = N/A
| casualties4 = 2 coup conspirators, 3 protestors
}}
The '''Tepēilhuitl Crisis''' of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in the [[Pulacan|Union State of Pulacan]]. The crisis culminated in an attempted {{Wp|coup d'etat}} against the Pulatec government by elements of the [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Gendarmerie]] led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.
== Background ==
{{Main|Lost Decade (Pulacan)}}


== Coup attempt of 12 ''tepēilhuitl'' ==
== Coup attempt of 12 ''tepēilhuitl'' ==


=== Aftermath ===
=== Aftermath ===

Revision as of 23:34, 30 November 2024

1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)

Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
Part of the Pulatec lost decade
Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
Date16 April–2 May 1997
(18 teōtlehco—14 tepēilhuitl, 1253 XP)
Location
Pulacan, primarily Aachanecalco, Mabesekwa and Mohembo
Result

Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated

  • Pantla Papalotl resigns as General Secretary
  • Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
  • T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator die in custody
  • Eventual downfall of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli
  • Pulatec general election of June 1997
Belligerents

Pulacan Union State government

Supported by:

Pulacan Coup plotter loyalists

Pulacan Popular opposition

Commanders and leaders
  • Pulacan Capanilli Tezozomoctli
  • Pulacan Pantla Papalotl
    (prior to 20 April)
  • Pulacan T.B. Tshola 
  • Sun red icon.svg Pantla Papalotl
    (after 20 April)
Strength
All of the Pulatec uniformed services except for the rebels 1,200 men
Dozens of military vehicles
N/A
Casualties and losses
2 coup conspirators, 3 protestors

The Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in the Union State of Pulacan. The crisis culminated in an attempted coup d'etat against the Pulatec government by elements of the National Gendarmerie led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.

Background

Coup attempt of 12 tepēilhuitl

Aftermath