Saraab active protection system

RDD-1 Sadeem smoke laying system

An integrated, multipurpose smoke grenade launching system, the RDD-1 Sadeem (سديم, Nebula) was developed to replace all previous Riysian tank smoke laying systems. It appeared in 1985 as part of the Nadi-1 protection system, and fires 80 mm caseless smoke grenades, separated into two types - the RDD-1A and the RDD-1B - fulfilling different tactical roles. When the Sadeem first entered service, both grenade types produced smoke from an irritating HCE mixture that only obscured the visible and upper NIR range, but have been replaced by upgraded RDD-1A1 and RDD-1B1 since 1991, which use a red phosphorous & brass flake compound obscuring the 0.4 to 14 micron band.

RDD-1A grenades weigh approximately 2.3 kilograms each, and are used to place a smokescreen approximately 300 meters away from the tank, taking 6 to 10 seconds to fly and form the smokescreen. A single grenade produces a smokescreen that is on average 30 meters wide and 10 meters high, which persists for 2 to 2.5 minutes. These grenades are primarily used in an offensive manner, to improve the vehicle's freedom to maneuver and generate obscuring terrain during an engagement.

RDD-1B grenades weigh approximately 2.2 kilograms, and creates a smokescreen around 50 meters away from the tank in less than 4 seconds, for both flight and smoke formation. A single grenade's smokescreen is around 15 meters wide and 10 meters high, and persists for 2 to 2.5 minutes. Grenades of this type are used for immediate self-defense against enemy anti-tank weapons, hiding the vehicle from sight.