Toro Main Battle Tank
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| Toro Main Battle Tank | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Main battle tank |
| Place of origin |  Luminerra |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1950 - 1981 |
| Used by | See Users |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A |
| Designed | 1944 - 1949 |
| Manufacturer | Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A |
| Produced | 1951 - 1975 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 47.2 tonnes |
| Length | 7.8 m (hull) 10.3 m (including gun) |
| Width | 3.4 m 3.91 m (applique armor) |
| Height | 3.1 m |
| Passengers | 4 |
| Armor | Glass-reinforced plastic sandwiched between layers of steel Third generation composite armor (Steel composite blend), modular armor packages |
Main armament | Original design: Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon Toro A and forward: Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon |
Secondary armament | 2 x Calvano Armi Leggere S.p.A M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun with 2,000, second M-1944 pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station. Toro C and D: 1 x [[Wikipedia:AA-52 machine gun|]] 7.5x54 mm mm machine gun with 2,000 rounds, second <> pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station |
| Engine | MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine 630 hp |
| Transmission | Automatic (4 forward, 2 reverse) |
| Ground clearance | 0.4 m |
| Fuel capacity | 850 L |
Operational range | 350 km |
| Speed | On-road: 55 km/h Off-road: 32 km/h |
History and design
Variants
- Toro: Original production version of the Toro, equipped with a Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon.
- Toro A: Toro model with the M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun replaced by a ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannon. These were converted back to machine guns on the Toro C, using the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm machine gun over the older M-1944 design.
- Toro B: 1959 upgrade which saw the 90 mm Munizioni Reali C-9051 replaced with a heavier Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon.
- Toro C: 1972 upgrade for the Toro B replacing the existing engine with a new MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine. In addition, the 20 mm ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannons were removed and replaced with the [[Wikipedia:AA-52 machine gun|]] 7.5x54 mm general purpose machine guns.