Toro Main Battle Tank

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Toro Main Battle Tank
T50MBT.jpg
TypeMain battle tank
Place of origin Luminerra
Service history
In service1950 - 1981
Used bySee Users
Production history
DesignerCalvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A
Designed1944 - 1949
ManufacturerCalvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A
Produced1951 - 1975
VariantsSee variants
Specifications
Weight47.2 tonnes
Length7.8 m (hull)
10.3 m (including gun)
Width3.4 m
3.91 m (applique armor)
Height3.1 m
Passengers4

ArmorGlass-reinforced plastic sandwiched between layers of steel
Third generation composite armor (Steel composite blend), modular armor packages
Main
armament
Original design: Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon
Toro A and forward: Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon
Secondary
armament
2 x Calvano Armi Leggere S.p.A M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun with 2,000, second M-1944 pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station.
Toro C and D: 1 x [[Wikipedia:AA-52 machine gun|]] 7.5x54 mm mm machine gun with 2,000 rounds, second <> pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station
EngineMVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine
630 hp
TransmissionAutomatic (4 forward, 2 reverse)
Ground clearance0.4 m
Fuel capacity850 L
Operational
range
350 km
SpeedOn-road: 55 km/h
Off-road: 32 km/h


History and design

Variants

  • Toro: Original production version of the Toro, equipped with a Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon.
  • Toro A: Toro model with the M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun replaced by a ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannon. These were converted back to machine guns on the Toro C, using the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm machine gun over the older M-1944 design.
  • Toro B: 1959 upgrade which saw the 90 mm Munizioni Reali C-9051 replaced with a heavier Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon.
  • Toro C: 1972 upgrade for the Toro B replacing the existing engine with a new MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine. In addition, the 20 mm ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannons were removed and replaced with the [[Wikipedia:AA-52 machine gun|]] 7.5x54 mm general purpose machine guns.