South German Confederation (Zwei Imperien)
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
The South German Confederation Der Süddeutsche Bund | |
|---|---|
.png) Flag | |
| Motto: "Freiheit, Einheit, Katholizismus" "Liberty, Unity, Catholicism" | |
| Anthem: "Die Hymne des Südens" "The Hymn of the South" | |
 | |
| Status | Sovereign state |
| Capital | Munich |
| Largest city | Vienna |
| Official languages | German |
| Recognised regional languages | Czech,Hungarian, Slovene, Croatian, and Italian |
| Ethnic groups (2023) | 55.5% South German 20.4% Austrians |
| Religion (2023) | 84.1% Christianity -74.1% Catholicism |
| Demonym(s) | Bavarian |
| Government | Federated Presidential Constitutional Republic |
| Legislature | Die Große Legislative |
| Senate | |
| Der Ständerat | |
| Establishment | |
• Formation of The South German Confederation | 23 August, 1866 |
• The Franco-Bavarian War | December 24, 1868- 16 November 1869 |
• The War of Three Germanys | 2 August,1879 - 4 May,1882 |
| Area | |
• Total | 249,190 km2 (96,210 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2023 census | 43,545,802 |
• Density | 174.74/km2 (452.6/sq mi) |
| Currency | South German Mark (SGM) |
| Calling code | +369 |
| Internet TLD | .sg |
The South German Confederation (Der Süddeutsche Bund in German) or as it's unofficially known Bavaria (Bayern in German) is a German-dominated nation-state in Europe Forming out of the efforts of The Kingdom of Bavaria over the corse of over 20 years, The Confederation established a German nation under the hegemony of Bavaria, although with the forced joining of a cutdown to size Austria in 1982 after The War of Three Germanys. The Confederation has had a notable histstical rivalry with the North German Federation and a significant relationship with Hungary and the The Papal States.
The South German Confederation has a rich history and culture that is reflected in its architecture, arts, music, and cuisine. Bavaria is famous for its beer, which is brewed according to the German Purity Law, and its traditional clothing, including Lederhosen and Dirndls. The region is also known for its picturesque landscapes, including the Bavarian Alps and the Danube River.
Today, the South German Confederation is a prosperous and vibrant country that plays an important role in the European Union. Its economy is diverse, with strong sectors in manufacturing, technology, and services. The Confederation is also known for its strong social welfare system, which provides comprehensive healthcare, education, and retirement benefits to its citizens.
Name & Terminology
The official name of the country is the South German Confederation, or in German, "Der Süddeutsche Bund." However, the country is often informally referred to as "Bavaria," as Bavaria is the dominant regional power within the confederation.
The country's official language is German, which is spoken by the majority of the population. However, there are also significant populations of people who speak other languages, such as Czech,Hungarian, and Italian
In terms of terminology, the country is often referred to as a "confederation," (Despite the fact that it's not a confederation, it's a Federation) as it is made up of several semi-autonomous regions that have come together for a common purpose. The country's political system is also sometimes referred to as a "presidential republic," as the president is both the head of state and the head of government. Finally, the country's constitution is often described as "constitutional," as it sets out the framework for the country's political system and the rights and freedoms of its citizens.
History
Formation (1861-1871)
Aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War
The South German Confederation was formed in 1867 following the Austro-Prussian War, which saw the defeat of Austria and the emergence of Prussia as the dominant power in Germany. The Confederation was created as a response to the North German Confederation, which was dominated by Prussia. The Kingdom of Bavaria, which had remained neutral during the war, saw the Confederation as a way to preserve its independence and maintain its dominant position in southern Germany.
The South German Confederation was initially composed of four states: Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, and Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1871, following the Franco-Prussian War, the Confederation joined the German Empire, which was dominated by Prussia. However, Bavaria retained a significant degree of autonomy and continued to exercise a certain degree of influence over the Empire.
During the early years of the Confederation, Bavaria played a leading role in shaping its political and cultural identity. The region saw a flourishing of arts, literature, and music, with notable figures such as Richard Wagner, Ludwig II of Bavaria, and Thomas Mann making significant contributions to German culture. The Confederation also played a key role in the development of the German language, with the publication of the first unified German dictionary in 1880.
The Franco-Bavarian War
The war began when France, under the leadership of Emperor Napoleon III, launched a surprise attack on the South German Confederation, hoping to quickly crush its army and force it to submit to French demands. The South German Confederation, however, proved to be a formidable opponent, and its soldiers were well-prepared to defend their homeland against the invading French army. The war was fought on multiple fronts, with significant battles taking place in the Rhineland and Bavaria. The South German army, under the leadership of General Ludwig Freiherr von der Tann, proved to be a highly effective fighting force, using advanced military tactics and weaponry to inflict heavy casualties on the French forces.
Despite some early successes, the French were ultimately unable to overcome the strength and determination of the South German Confederation. After several months of intense fighting, the French were forced to sue for peace, and a treaty was signed in 1861 that brought an end to the conflict. In 1861, the war came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Munich, which ended the conflict on terms favorable to the South German Confederation. The treaty forced France to cede significant territory to the South Germans, including Alsace and Lorraine, which had previously been under French control.
During the war The N.G.F saw an opportunity to expand its territory and influence. In 1861, the N.G.F annexed the Netherlands, citing the need to secure its western flank and prevent French incursions into the region. The annexation of the Netherlands sparked outrage among the European powers, particularly France, which saw the move as a direct threat to its interests in the region. The French government launched a series of diplomatic protests and military maneuvers in response, but ultimately failed to prevent the N.G.F from consolidating its hold on the region.
War of Three Germanys
.png)
The conflict began when the North German Federation, South German Confederation, and Italia declared war on Austria, which had been seeking to expand its territory into the Balkans. The war quickly escalated into a full-scale conflict, with both sides committing vast resources to the fight.
The Italian army was instrumental in turning the tide of the war. With its well-trained soldiers and modern military technology, Italia was able to outmaneuver and outgun the Austrian forces on the battlefield. The North and South German Confederations also played a vital role, coordinating their efforts and pooling their resources to achieve victory.
After several months of intense fighting, the Austrian Empire was forced to sue for peace. The Treaty of Frankfurt, which was signed in 1883, ended the war and established a new balance of power in Germany. Under the terms of the treaty, Austria was completely dismantled, with its territories annexed be the S.G.C. It established the North and South German Confederations as dominant powers in Central Europe, while also elevating Italia to a position of regional importance. It also led to the formation of a new balance of power in Europe, with the former Austrian territories becoming a hotbed of political and social upheaval.
In the aftermath of the war, the South German Confederation and Italia forged closer ties, recognizing the importance of cooperation and mutual support in a rapidly changing world. the complete dismantling of the Austrian Empire, with its territories being divided among the victorious powers. The S.G.C played a significant role in the war as a member of the alliance, which emerged as dominant players in Central Europe following the conflict. This new alliance would have a profound impact on the course of European history in the decades to come. And afterwards the war would spark a rivalry between the North German Federation and The South German Confederation
The Franco-Prussian War
the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 saw the North German Federation (N.G.F) pitted against the French Empire. However, the N.G.F found themselves betrayed by their former allies, the South German Confederation (S.G.C) and Italia, who had chosen to side with France in the conflict. The S.G.C and Italy had become dissatisfied with the growing power and influence of the N.G.F in Central Europe and saw an opportunity to weaken their former ally by aligning with France. The S.G.C and Italy saw France as a natural counterbalance to the N.G.F's growing dominance, and believed that a French victory in the war would help to prevent the N.G.F from becoming too powerful.
With France engaged in a bitter conflict. However, Italy and the South German Confederation (S.G.C) had secretly made a pact with France and betrayed the N.G.F by joining the war on the side of the French.
As the war progressed, Hungary and Denmark also joined the conflict on the side of France, tipping the balance of power in favor of the French forces. The N.G.F found itself increasingly isolated and struggling to fight on multiple fronts. Ultimately, the N.G.F was defeated by the combined forces of France, Italy, the S.G.C, Hungary, and Denmark. The N.G.F was forced to cede territory to France and pay heavy reparations, leaving the nation weakened and humiliated.
The betrayal of Italy and the S.G.C had a significant impact on the political and military landscape of Europe. The N.G.F had been a dominant power in the region, but its defeat in the war led to a shift in the balance of power, with France emerging as a major player in Central Europe. The war also had a lasting impact on the people and societies of Europe, with widespread destruction and loss of life.
The German Cold War (1872-1913)
In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and the betrayal of the South German Confederation (S.G.C) and Italy, a deep animosity developed between the North German Federation (N.G.F) and the S.G.C. This animosity led to a prolonged period of tension and conflict, known as the Cold War between the two powers.
The Cold War between the N.G.F and S.G.C was characterized by a series of political and economic maneuverings, espionage, and proxy wars fought through alliances with other European powers. The N.G.F, as the dominant power in Central Europe, sought to contain and isolate the S.G.C, while the S.G.C, resentful of its former ally's power, sought to undermine the N.G.F's influence and expand its own sphere of influence.
The Cold War between the N.G.F and S.G.C had a significant impact on the politics and society of Europe. The two powers competed for influence over smaller European states, leading to the formation of new alliances and the realignment of power in the region. The conflict also had a significant impact on the economy, as both sides imposed trade barriers and economic sanctions on each other in an attempt to gain an advantage.
Despite these tensions, the two confederations were able to maintain a fragile peace in the years that followed. However, the rivalry between the North and South German Confederations would continue to simmer beneath the surface ... at least until 1914.
The S.G.C Reaction's the Katholischer Handlung
In Prussia, Napoleon III forced the establishment of a Catholic-led coalition government in the North German Federation (N.G.F), with Hermann von Mallinckrodt at its head. With a worried group of Catholic Politicians launched a Coup d'état against Wilhelm I in order to place a Catholic Monarch as " Kaiser von Preußen" (or "Emperor of Prussia" in English). Though the French, and the S.G.C supported this action, and tried to help the Coupists politically, the plotters where militarily defeated when the (Mostly Protestant) Army sided with Wilhelm I. The government responded to the coup attempt with a harsh crackdown on all Catholics in the country, which led to clashes between anti-Catholic and Catholic groups.
The S.G.C would have been sympathetic to the Catholic cause and may have supported efforts to avert a wider conflict. At the same time, the S.G.C was aware of the potential dangers of a second Franco-Prussian War and the wider geopolitical implications of such a conflict. Therefore,the S.G.C worked to mediate between the opposing sides and find a peaceful resolution to the crisis.
The First Großer Krieg (1914-1917)
The First Großer Krieg (Great War) began in 1914 and lasted until 1917. The war began when tensions between the North German Federation and the South German Confederation reached a boiling point. The North Germans, seeking to assert their dominance over the region, launched a surprise attack on the South Germans, who were caught off guard and initially suffered significant losses.
However, the South Germans were able to rally and, with the support of their Italian allies, were able to push back against the North Germans. The war was fought with brutal intensity, and both sides suffered significant casualties. Despite their early setbacks, the South Germans were ultimately able to gain the upper hand in the conflict. They were able to secure a number of key victories, and by 1917, they had pushed the North Germans back to their own borders.
The First Großer Krieg had significant political and economic implications for the region. It solidified the position of the South German Confederation as the dominant power in Central Europe and weakened the overall unity of Germany. It also had far-reaching consequences for the rest of Europe, setting the stage for further conflict and instability in the years to come.
The war was a devastating conflict that had a profound impact on the region. It was fought with modern industrialized weaponry and tactics, resulting in high casualties and widespread destruction. The South German Confederation had the advantage of being on the defensive, with strong fortifications and a well-trained army. However, the North German Federation had superior industrial and economic resources, and this gave them an advantage in terms of manpower and weaponry.
After the
First Half of the Interwar period (1918-1928)
In the aftermath of the First Großer Krieg, the South German Confederation entered a period of political and economic upheaval. The country had suffered greatly during the conflict, and the peace settlement imposed harsh reparations on the North German Federation, leading to widespread poverty and social unrest. During the interwar period, the South German Confederation underwent significant changes in its political and economic systems. The country experienced a period of rapid industrialization and modernization, as well as a growing sense of nationalism and cultural identity. Bavaria also began to pursue a more assertive foreign policy, seeking to assert their power and influence in the region.
Fatherland Bavaria (1929-1938)
The Fatherland Era, as it came to be known, was characterized by the rapid industrialization and modernization of the South German Confederation. The government invested heavily in infrastructure and industry, creating jobs and stimulating economic growth. Andreas Hofmann the leader of the Fatherland Party, also launched a program of social welfare, providing assistance to the unemployed, elderly, and disabled.
However, the Fatherland Era was also marked by the suppression of political opposition and the growth of nationalist fervor. The government censored the media and cracked down on dissent, and Andreas Hofmann's charismatic leadership cultivated a cult of personality that placed his will above the law.
Meanwhile, Under the leadership of the Völkisch Party in Prussia pursues a policy of aggressive expansionism, seeking to reclaim territory lost in the First Großer Krieg and to establish dominance over neighboring countries. The regime is characterized by its militarism, authoritarianism, and suppression of dissent.
The Second Großer Krieg (1939-1945)
The war was triggered by a series of aggressive actions by both North and South German Confederation. The Volkish Republic, which controlled North Germany, sought to expand its territory and influence by force, while the Vaterländische Diktatur, which controlled the South German Confederation, sought to maintain its dominant position in Europe and protect its interests. In 1939, tensions between the two regions reached a boiling point, and North and South German Confederation declared war on each other. Volkish Germany quickly made gains in the early stages of the war, using its superior military and technological capabilities to overwhelm the forces of the South German Confederation.
However, the Allied powers soon entered the conflict, providing much-needed support to the South German Confederation. The war quickly escalated into a brutal and protracted conflict, with both sides committing atrocities and engaging in total warfare. The war raged on for years, with the tide of battle swinging back and forth between the opposing forces. At various points in the war, it seemed as though North Germany might be on the verge of victory, while at other times the South German Confederation appeared to be gaining the upper hand.
The aftermath of the war was difficult, as much of Europe lay in ruins and millions of people had lost their lives. However, the South German Confederation was able to rebuild and emerge as a major economic and political power on the continent. The collapse of the Fatherland Party, which had governed the South German Confederation during the war, also marked a major change in the political landscape of the region. In the post-war period, new political parties emerged, and a more democratic and liberal society began to take shape.
The Cold War (1946-1991)
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Western powers, led by the United States and its allies, and the Eastern powers, led by the Soviet Union and its allies. The conflict lasted from the end of The Second Großer Krieg in 1945 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Bavaria played an important role in the Cold War. As a major economic and political power on the continent
During the early years of the Cold War, the South German Confederation was a key battleground in the struggle for control of Europe. The Soviet Union sought to expand its influence into the region, and there were a number of crises that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, including the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
Despite the tensions of the Cold War, the South German Confederation was able to maintain its economic and political stability. Its democratic institutions and market-based economy were seen as a model for other nations in Europe, and it played an important role in the development of the European Union.
The end of the Cold War marked a major shift in the global balance of power. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the bipolar world order that had dominated international politics for decades, and ushered in a new era of globalization and interdependence. Bavaria continued to play an important role in shaping the new global order, and its economic and political influence continued to grow in the post-Cold War era.
The Modern Day (1992-Today)
The South German Confederation (SGC) is today a prosperous and stable nation-state that has continued to grow and evolve since the end of the Cold War. With a population of over 40 million people, it is one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe. The SGC has a diverse and vibrant economy that is driven by a mix of high-tech industries, traditional manufacturing, and a thriving service sector. It has a highly skilled workforce, and its universities and research institutes are world-renowned.
The political system of the South German Confederation is a Federated Presidential Constitutional Republic, with a "Grand" President as the head of state and as the head of government. It has a robust system of checks and balances, with a strong judiciary and a free press. The SGC is known for its commitment to environmental sustainability and renewable energy. It is a global leader in developing green technologies and has set ambitious targets for reducing its carbon footprint. The SGC is also known for its strong social welfare system, which provides a safety net for its citizens and promotes social equality. Its healthcare system is among the best in the world, and education is free and accessible to all.
Politics
The Government
The SGC's constitution serves as the foundation for its political system, providing a framework for the distribution of power and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. The grand president, as the highest elected official in the land, is responsible for upholding the constitution and ensuring that government operates in the best interests of the people.
The system of checks and balances in the SGC is designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. The judiciary, for example, is independent and has the power to interpret the constitution and review the legality of government actions.
In terms of the press, the SGC guarantees freedom of the press and ensures that the media operates independently of the government. Journalists are protected by law from undue influence or harassment, and are free to report on any topic they choose.
The South German Confederation, however, rejected the idea of a centralized German state, and instead adopted a federal constitution that provided for a limited degree of centralization while preserving the autonomy of the member states.
In addition to the southern German states. The South German Confederation was governed by a bicameral legislature with a Der Ständerat representing the member states and a Senate representing the people. The confederation was headed by a "Grand" president, who was elected by Popular Vote, and Confirmed by Der Ständerat and Senate.
Executive Branch
The executive branch is headed by the grand president who serves as both the head of state and head of government. The grand president is elected by the people and has significant powers, including the ability to veto legislation passed by the parliament. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and managing the day-to-day affairs of government. Other key members of the executive branch include the vice president, who assists the grand president in carrying out their duties, and the cabinet, which is made up of appointed officials who oversee specific government departments.
Legislative Branch
The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and overseeing the work of the government. It consists of a unicameral parliament, which is made up of representatives who are elected by the people. The parliament has the power to pass legislation, approve government budgets, and hold the executive branch accountable for its actions. The parliament also has the power to impeach the grand president or other government officials in cases of wrongdoing.
Judicial Branch
The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law. It is made up of a system of courts, including a supreme court, which has the power to interpret the constitution and review the legality of government actions. Judges are appointed by the grand president and approved by the parliament, and are required to be independent and impartial in their decisions.
Member-States of The S.G.C
The South German Confederation was established in 1867, following the Austro-Prussia War, as an independent federal state consisting of Bavaria, Württemberg & Hesse-Baden, Veneto, Alpinia, Alsace-Lorraine Moselland, Austria, and Czechia. These states were determined to maintain their sovereignty and independence from the dominant Prussian Kingdom, which sought to create a unified German nation-state under its leadership.
Despite the confederation's efforts to maintain its independence, it faced challenges from the North German Federation (Zwei Imperien), which was dominated by the Völkisch Movement. The rivalry between the two German states continued throughout the 20th century, with tensions escalating during the two Großer Kriegs.
However, the South German Confederation was able to maintain its independence and sovereignty, and it remained an important regional power in Europe throughout the 20th century. Its federal} system of governance provided a model for other states seeking to balance centralization and local autonomy, and its legacy continues to shape the political landscape of modern Europe.
Culture & Religion
The culture and religion of the SGC are diverse, reflecting the country's history and geography. The SGC is home to a variety of ethnic and linguistic groups, each with their own cultural traditions and practices. However, there are some shared cultural values and practices that are common throughout the country.
One important aspect of culture in the SGC is its strong sense of regional identity. The country is divided into several regions, each with its own distinct culture and history. For example, Bavaria, which is often seen as the cultural heartland of the country, is known for its beer, traditional clothing, and folk music. Other regions, such as Württemberg & Hesse-Baden, also have their own unique cultural traditions.
_(7815703256).jpg)
Religion also plays a significant role in the culture of the SGC. Christianity is the dominant religion in the country, with the majority of the population identifying as Roman Catholic or Protestant. However, there are also significant populations of Muslims, Jews, and other religious groups. The country's constitution guarantees freedom of religion and allows individuals to practice their faith freely.
The SGC is also known for its rich artistic and literary traditions. German language literature, music, and philosophy have had a profound influence on world culture, and many of the country's most famous writers, composers, and thinkers hail from the SGC. Some of the country's most famous cultural figures include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Friedrich Nietzsche.
Overall, the culture and religion of the SGC are diverse and dynamic, reflecting the country's long and complex history. The country's cultural traditions and artistic achievements continue to influence and inspire people around the world.