The Diutche language, Diutchelies, has 3 genders and 4 cases. Like its many Germanic counterparts, there is not a set word order for the cases (there is a rigid word order for things such as adjectives, adverbs, and the like). The three genders are Feminine, Masculine, and Neuter, while the cases are Nominative (Subject), Accusative (Direct Object), Genitive (Possession), and Dative (Indirect Object). Now, when discussing crowds of people, or things of unknown gender, the neuter case is used, in place of feminine or masculine singular and plural declensions.
Articles
Like its fellow languages, ‘the’ (Definitive Article) and ‘a(n)’ (Indefinite Article) changes in to match the declensions; Nouns too will have declensions based upon the case, and if it is singular or plural, while still agreeing to the genders when plural, unlike ‘the’ and ‘a(n)’.
Down below are the charts for ‘the’ and ‘a(n)’.
Definite
|
|
Nominative
|
Accusative
|
Dative
|
Genitive
|
Masculine
|
Tro
|
Tron
|
Trom
|
Tros
|
Feminine
|
Tre
|
Tren
|
Trem
|
Tres
|
Neuter
|
Tra
|
Tran
|
Tram
|
Tras
|
Plural
|
Tehr
|
Tehn
|
Tehm
|
Tehs
|
|
Indefinite
|
|
Nominative
|
Accusative
|
Dative
|
Genitive
|
Masculine
|
Ito
|
Iton
|
Itom
|
Itos
|
Feminine
|
Ite
|
Iten
|
Item
|
Ites
|
Neuter
|
Ita
|
Itan
|
Itam
|
Itas
|
Plural*
|
Itehr
|
Itehn
|
Itehm
|
Itehs
|
|
Pronouns
Like other languages, Diutchelies has 4 main types of pronouns, Subject (I, We), Direct (me, us), Indirect (also me and us in English) and Genitive. However, what sets it aside is that, while other Germanic languages tend to have an informal and formal pair of you (singular and plural, Diutchelies has two types of Subject Pronouns lists, Informal and Formal. The language does not have any other Informal or Formal pronoun list. The neuter gender acts like ‘They, Them’ in English, either stating an unknown gender, a gender neutral term, or in a situation where she and he is of little importance.
The pronouns are as such:
Formal Subject
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
Ir
|
Wir
|
2nd
|
Te
|
Ste
|
Masculine
|
Ib
|
Sib
|
Feminine
|
Ik
|
Sik
|
Neuter
|
Lie
|
Liet
|
|
Informal Subject
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
Is
|
Tis
|
2nd
|
Du
|
Dhe
|
Masculine
|
en
|
em
|
Feminine
|
Hen
|
Hem
|
Neuter
|
ie
|
es
|
|
Direct
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
Mis
|
Uns
|
2nd
|
Dis
|
Dhes
|
Masculine
|
Ehn
|
Ehn
|
Feminine
|
Hes
|
Hes
|
Neuter
|
Im
|
Im
|
|
Indirect
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
Mir
|
Uns
|
2nd
|
Dir
|
Dher
|
Masculine
|
Ehr
|
Ehr
|
Feminine
|
Her
|
Her
|
Neuter
|
Imir
|
Imir
|
|
Genitive
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
Mich
|
Unch
|
2nd
|
Dich
|
Dhech
|
Masculine
|
Ehch
|
Ehch
|
Feminine
|
Hech
|
Hech
|
Neuter
|
Imch
|
Imch
|
|
Nouns
Nouns have their own set of declensions and rules. Diutchelies has two types of noun declensions, Strong and Weak. The main difference is that the Strong indicates the gender and case much clearer than Weak. However, the Weak declension will only be used by adjectives if there is a determiner before it. Unless the determiner is an Itehr word, or a possessive pronoun, which it will take the Strong declension, and the noun will not take a declension. One with a keen eye may start to see some patterns shared between the Indefinite and Definite articles with these declensions. Down below is the chart of declensions:
Strong
|
Nominative |
Accusative |
Dative |
Genitive
|
Masculine
|
-ro |
-no |
-mo |
-so
|
Feminine
|
-re |
-ne |
-me |
-se
|
Neuter
|
-ra |
-na |
-ma |
-sa
|
Plural
|
-er |
-en |
-em |
-es
|
Weak
|
Nominative |
Accusative |
Dative |
Genitive
|
Masculine
|
-e |
-e |
-m |
-m
|
Feminine
|
-e |
-e |
-m |
-m
|
Neuter
|
-e |
-e |
-m |
-m
|
Plural
|
-n |
-n |
-n |
-n
|
For both declensions, if the noun ends with an "e" and the declension starts with "e," remove the first "e" and turn the second "e" into "ē". When ending with an “i”, it will change to “ï” and the following “e” will remain.
Things such as demonyms or the names of groups are unique, and do not use the above declensions. They will retain their current ending (-e) for all singular declensions, while gaining -n for masculine plural, -ne for feminine plural, and -se for neuter plural
Verbs
Verbs are the very core of a sentence, where it is needed to form a sentence. This language uses helping verbs to form its future tenses and perfect tenses as well, along with some others. There is a continuous tense, but this is considered informal, and is of recent making, and is not standardized. Let's start with the Simple and Perfect tenses endings, then introduce the 4 main irregular verbs. Verbs in Diutchelies to have their endings be -er, with some ending with -ir. Both have similar, but different endings. To make a verb passive (to be verbed) instead of active, add seis. If the beginning of the verb starts with an S, the two Ss combine into ß.
Gender
Here is a list of what each gender is designated with. There are exceptions and word groups that do not belong to any.
Feminine |
Masculine |
Neuter
|
Female Animals |
Male Animals |
Unspecified Gender
|
Feminine Gender |
Masculine Gender |
Mixed Crowds/Groups
|
Ships |
Cars |
Cities
|
Airplanes |
Days |
Provinces/States
|
Plants |
Months |
Continents
|
Rivers |
Years |
Businesses
|
Currency |
Alcohol |
Elements
|
Mountains |
Rocks |
Metals
|
Weather |
Directions |
Scientific Units
|
Nations |
Numbers |
Young Persons/Animals
|
Alphabet
Dictionary
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Diutchelies". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.