Phonology
Consonants
|
|
Labial
|
Dental/
Alveolar
|
Post-
alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
| Nasal
|
m
|
n
|
|
|
ɲ
|
ŋ
|
| Plosive
|
p
|
t
|
d
|
|
|
c
|
k
|
| Affricate
|
|
t͡s
|
t͡ʃʲ
|
|
|
|
| Fricative
|
ɸ
|
s̠
|
ʃ
|
ʂ
|
|
|
| Tap
|
|
ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral
|
glide
|
|
l
|
|
|
ʎ
|
|
| fricative
|
|
ɬ
|
|
|
|
|
| Approximant
|
w
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| Close
|
i |
ɨ ~ ə |
u
|
| Mid
|
e |
o
|
| Open
|
|
a |
|
Orthography
Consonants
The following table presents the LANGUAGENAME letters, the sounds they correspond to in International Phonetic Alphabet and how these can be approximated more or less by an English speaker. As a post-contact alphabet, LANGUAGENAME is written in a heavily diacritical Latin script with a conservative selection of consonantal bases.
| Letter
|
Value
(IPA)
|
English approximation
|
| Cc |
/k/ |
|
| Dd |
/d/ |
|
| Ff |
/ɸ/ |
|
| Ɥɥ |
/c/ |
|
| Jj |
/j/ |
|
| Ll |
/l/ |
|
| L̃l̃ |
/ʎ/ |
|
| Mm |
/m/ |
|
| Nn |
/n/ |
|
| Ññ |
/ɲ/ |
|
| nG ng |
/ŋ/ |
|
| Pp |
/p/ |
|
| Tt |
/t/ |
|
| T̃t̃ |
/t͡ʃʲ/ |
|
| Ṫṫ |
/t͡s/ |
|
| Xx |
/ʃ/ |
|
| X̃x̃ |
/ɬ/ |
|
| Ẋẋ |
/ʂ/ |
|
| X̣x̣ |
/s̠/ |
|
| Ãã |
/w/ |
|
| ' |
/ɾ/ |
|
Vowels
| Letter
|
Value
(IPA)
|
English approximation
|
| Aa |
/a/ |
|
| Ee |
/e/ |
|
| Ii |
/i/ |
|
| Ĩĩ |
/ɨ/ ~ /ə/ |
|
| Oo |
/o/ |
|
| Uu |
/u/ |
|