User:Seylos/Sandbox

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe but incredibly scarce not bonded in another molecule on Eurth.
• Three main ways to produce hydrogen.
  • Steam Methane Reformation: Steam and methane with a nickel catalyst creates hydrogen and CO2. Goes hand in hand with natural gas production.
  • Autothermal Reforming: Oxygen and CO2 reacted with methane creates hydrogen. Also requires natural gas production.
  • Electrolysis: Water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen using electricity.

Helium

• Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe but incredibly scarce not bonded in another molecule on Eurth.
• Production is more difficult than helium and mostly relies on extracting natural gas, which has helium pockets as a byproduct.
• It is possible to create artificially but would require extraordinary amounts of energy (fusion) in order to create tiny amounts.

Lithium

• A map of known Lithium deposits in the real world: https://lithiumfuture.org/map.html
• Production is split between mining for ores and processing brines (water with high salts content).
• 75% of known lithium reserves exist in Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina in large salt flat deposits. And is extracted using brine pools.

Beryllium

• Industrial scale production of Beryllium is uncommon in the real world, and only the USA, China, and Kazakhstan (started during Soviet Union) have produced it in large scales. As of today only China and the USA do it. Is is industrially intense.
• Beryllium is usually extracted from the mineral Beryl, which is most commonly found in granite and limestone deposits.
• Places where it is found in locations such as the Ural Mountains, Columbia, the New England region of the USA, and Madagascar.

Boron

• Boron is found in the minerals colemanite, rasorite (kernite), ulexite and tincal.
• The vast majority is produced in the USA (in California) and Turkey.

Carbon

• Carbon is extremely common in the real world and can be found in every organic substance, and has a vast array of industrial uses.
• The most famous use of carbon would be in various hydrocarbons. https://www.oilmap.xyz/ A map of oil deposits across the globe.

Nitrogen

• Commercial nitrogen gas is made as a byproduct from creating steel
• In liquid in solid form nitrogen is synthesized into various compounds through industrial lab processes.

Oxygen

• Oxygen is found naturally in Eurth’s atmosphere and can be produced most easily by either pulling it directly out of the atmosphere or through water electrolysis.

Fluorine

• In industrial applications all Fluorine based products are derived from Hydrogen Fluoride, which itself comes from a reaction between sulfuric acid and the mineral fluorite.
• Fluorite is most commonly found in igneous rocks and the biggest producers are South Africa, Mexico, and China.

Neon

• Neon is an incredibly industrially intense element to extract.
• Can only be produced by mass extraction from the Earth’s atmosphere by cryogenic air-separation plants. It takes 80,000 pounds of atmospheric mixture to create one pound of pure neon.

Sodium

• Sodium is relatively easy to find on Eurth, in its vast oceans and salt deposits on the surface.
• Pure sodium is derived from melting sodium chloride (table salt), and can be volatile and challenging to distribute.

Magnesium

• Magnesium is incredibly abundant in the Eurth’s crust. It is found in many minerals, but the most important are dolomite, magnesite, brucite, carnallite, talc, and olivine. It’s also found as a soluble ion in ocean water.

Aluminum (Aluminium)

• It is incredibly common in the Eurth’s crust and makes up almost 2% of the Eurth’s mass.
• Bauxite is the most commercially viable ore containing Aluminum. Most of it in the real world is mined in Australia, China, Guinea, and India.

Silicon

• Silicon is extremely common on Eurth and makes up a quarter of its crust.
• Silicon is most commonly extracted from quartzite and with highly pure coke.

Phosphorus

• A relatively common element found most commonly in phosphate rocks in the Eurth’s crust.
• 85% of commercial reserves are found in Morocco with more in China, Russia, and various US states such as Florida, Idaho, Tennessee, and Utah.
• Can also be derived from organic sources such as bone ash or guano.

Sulfur

• Can commonly be found by itself or in minerals such as pyrite. It is most commonly found in volcanic regions.
• It is also commonly produced from various fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum.

Chlorine

• Most commonly found in chloride salts, like sodium chloride, and separated from there.

Argon

• Argon is produced similarly to neon, by cryogenic air-separation.

Potassium

• Is normally mined from evaporative salt deposits in ancient lake/sea beds.
• Potash, which is the group of minerals that contain potassium, are most commonly mined in the real world in Canada, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Germany, Israel, the USA, and Jordan.

Calcium

• Calcium is a common element in the Eurth’s crust.
• Calcium can be found most commonly in minerals such as limestone, marble, or chalk. Pure calcium is usually derived from reacting lime with with aluminum at high temperatures.

Scandium

• Scandium is exceptionally rare, and would be considered a rare-Eurth metal.
• Thortveitite, euxenite, and gadolinite are the only known high mineral concentrations of the element. It is mostly found in Scandinavia and Madagascar in real life.
• Scandium is mostly produced as a byproduct from other mineral extraction endeavors.

Titanium

• Titanium is a somewhat common element on Eurth.
• It is extracted from ores, such as Ilmunite, in an industrially intensive process. Australia was the top producer of Ilmunite in the real world, followed by countries like South Africa, Canada, and Mozambique.

Vanadium

• A somewhat uncommon element on Eurth.
• It can be produced from the mineral Magnetite directly, or as a byproduct of steel slag, uranium mining, or flue dust from heavy oil.

Chromium

• A somewhat uncommon element on Eurth.
• It can be produced from Chromite ore of which most real world deposits are found in Kazakhstan and southern Africa.

Manganese

• A somewhat common element on Eurth.
• It is most commonly found in the mineral pyrolusite, the vast majority of which in the real world are found in South Africa, followed by places such as Australia, China, and Ukraine.

Iron

• The most common element on Eurth, though only just common in the crust.
• It is found in countless mineral forms and all over the planet, though in higher concentrations depending on area. In the real world Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, and Ukraine produce some of the most iron ore in the world.

Cobalt

• Cobalt is a somewhat uncommon element on Eurth
• It is usually created as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining efforts. In the real world the Democratic Republic of Congo has almost three quarters of the world reserves, followed by Indonesia and Russia.

Nickel

• Nickel is a very common element on Eurth.
• It is commonly found in minerals such as limonite and garnierite. In the real world the top producers are Indonesia, Philippines, and New Caledonia.

Copper

• Copper is a somewhat common element on Eurth
• It can be found in its elemental form naturally as well as in various minerals. It’s most commonly mined is large open mining pits, as well as an easily recycled material. Top producers in the real world are the USA, Indonesia, and Peru.

Zinc

• Zinc is a somewhat common element on Eurth
• The most common ore is sphalerite, and zinc’s top producers in the real world are Australia, USA, and China.

Gallium

• Gallium is an uncommon element on Eurth.
• Gallium is mined mainly as a byproduct from processing ores, mainly bauxite. In the real world China, Japan, and South Korea are among the world’s top producers.

Germanium

• Germanium is a rare element on Eurth
• Germanium isn’t found in mineable amounts usually, and is only rarely found as part of other ores that are mined, mostly zinc reserves. It’s been produced mainly by China, Russia, and the USA.

Arsenic

• Arsenic is a very uncommon element on Eurth.
• It is mostly produced from processing copper, lead, and gold ores and processing dust. In the real world it’s most common producers are China (70%), Morocco, and Russia.

Selenium

• Selenium is a rare element on Eurth.
• It can be found in small mineral concentrations in minerals such as selenide or selenate. It’s mostly produced as part of other mining projects. The top producers in the real world are Germany, Belgium, and Japan.

Bromine

• Bromine is a very uncommon element on Eurth.
• Bromine is found by going through high salinity bodies of water and processing them for bromine ions. The main sources of Bromine in the real world are Israel and Jordan.

Krypton

• Bromine is a very uncommon element on Eurth.
• It is primarily extracted by liquifying atmospheric air and filtering Krypton out.

Rubidium

• Rubidium is a rare element on Eurth.
• Rubidium is mainly produced as a byproduct of Caesium production, or if it is found during other extraction operations.

Strontium

• Strontium is a somewhat common element on Eurth.
• It is most commonly found in the mineral Celestine, and in the real world is mostly produced by nations such as Spain, Iran, and China.

Yttrium

• Yttrium is a rare element on Eurth.
• It is found in most rare-eurth minerals and uranium ores. In real life is is most produced by Australia, Brazil, and China.

Zirconium

• Zirconium is a somewhat common element on Eurth.
• Zirconium is created most commonly as a titanium mining by-product and by collecting zircon containing sand in coastal waters.

Niobium

• Niobium is a somewhat uncommon element on Eurth.
• Niobium is mostly found in minerals that contain many other elements, most commonly columbite and as a byproduct of other mining operations. In real life it is most produced by Brazil and Canada.

Molybdenum

• Molybdenum is an uncommon element on Eurth.
• Molybdenum is most found in certain water soluble ores, such as sulfur ores. It’s also found in minerals such as wulfenite. In real life it is most produced by China, the USA, and Chile.

Technetium

• Technetium is a rare element not naturally found on Eurth.
• While Technetium is stable, is can only be naturally created as a reaction between uranium and thorium. In the real world all Technetium in use is manufactured artificially.

Ruthenium

• Ruthenium is a rare element on Eurth
• It is found in the minerals pentlandite and pyroxenite in Canada and South Africa respectively in the real world.

Rhodium

• Rhodium is a rare element on Eurth
• Rhodium is rarely found in minerals and is usually found as a byproduct of other mining efforts. South Africa and Russia are the largest exporters in the real world.

Palladium

• Palladium is an uncommon element on Eurth
• Palladium is usually found as a free metal in other ore deposits. Top producers are Russia, South Africa, and Canada in the real world.

Silver

• Silver is a somewhat uncommon element on Eurth.
• Silver is usually found as part of sulfide ores and occasionally as free metals. Top producers in the real world are Australia, Mexico, and Bolivia.

Cadmium

• Cadmium is a rare element on Eurth.
• Cadmium is typically produced as a byproduct of zinc mining. In the real world, it is most produced by China, South Korea, and Japan.