Hawaii Republic
Hawaii Republic Lepupalika Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian) | |
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 Flag
 Seal
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| Motto: "Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono" "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness" | |
| Anthem: "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī" "Hawaiʼi's Own True Sons" | |
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| Capital and largest city | Honolulu |
| Official languages | English Hawaiian |
| Ethnic groups (2040) | By race:
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| Religion (2040) |
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| Demonym(s) | Hawaiian |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
| Tim Keahi | |
| James Kaleo | |
| Ahonui Lea | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Independence from United States | |
| July 1, 2032 | |
| August 11, 2032 | |
| September 3, 2037 | |
| January 30, 2047 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 10,931 km2 (4,220 sq mi) (163rd) |
| Population | |
• 2048 estimate | 1,652,784 (151st) |
• 2040 census | 1,619,703 |
• Density | 151.2/km2 (391.6/sq mi) (86th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2040 estimate |
• Total | $150 billion |
• Per capita | $92,609.57 |
| Gini (2040) |  32.9medium |
| HDI (2040) |  0.948very high (7th) |
| Currency | Hawaiian Dollar (HWI) |
| Time zone | UTC-10 |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +1 |
| ISO 3166 code | HI |
| Internet TLD | .hi |
The Hawaii Republic, (/həˈwaɪ.i/ (
listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi, həˈwɐjʔi]) commonly known as Hawaii, is an island nation in Polynesia the North Pacific Ocean. Its closest neighbor is Kiribati to the south. It is a unitary state comprising 4 counties and 8 main islands. It has a population of over 1.6 million people, an area of over 10,000 km2, and one of the world's highest human development index scores. Its capital and largest population center is Honolulu.
Hawaii consists of 137 volcanic islands that comprise almost the entire Hawaiian archipelago (the exception, which is outside the nation, is Midway Atoll). Spanning 1,500 miles (2,400 km), the nation is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. Hawaii's ocean coastline is consequently about 750 miles (1,210 km). The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi, after which the country is named; the latter is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to avoid confusion with the nation or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the fourth-largest protected area in the world.
Settled by Polynesians sometime between 1000 and 1200 CE, Hawaii was home to numerous independent chiefdoms. In 1778, British explorer James Cook was the first known non-Polynesian to arrive at the archipelago; early British influence is reflected in the former state flag, which bears a Union Jack. An influx of European and American explorers, traders, and whalers soon arrived, leading to the decimation of the once-isolated indigenous community through the introduction of diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, smallpox, and measles; the native Hawaiian population declined from between 300,000 and one million to less than 40,000 by 1890. Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's entry into World War II. Hawaii was the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government. On July 1, 2032, Hawaii became the final state to declare its independence from the United States, in the wake of the Term Limit riots.
Historically dominated by a plantation economy, Hawaii remains a major agricultural exporter due to its fertile soil and tropical climate. Its economy gradually diversified in the mid-20th century, with tourism and military defense becoming the two largest sectors. The nation attracts visitors, surfers, and scientists with its diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundant public beaches, oceanic surroundings, active volcanoes, and clear skies on the Big Island. Hawaii's isolation results in one of the highest costs of living in the world. Residents have the longest life expectancy of any Free State, at 84.7 years.