Castelana

Castelan Republic Republica Castelana (Castelan) Gwerinaeth Castelunaeg (Rianic)
Flag
Motto: Liberda e Unida "Liberty and Unity"
Anthem: Castelanha subrel todos Castelun iuchbenand "Castelana above all"
Capital and	Sãda Mõdanha
Official languages	Castelan Rianic
Ethnic groups (2018)	74% Castelan 21% Rianic 5% Other
Demonym(s)	Castelan
Government	Federal parliamentary directorial republic
• Consuls	Ruis Frayas (MpC) Anha Estiorõ (PT)
Legislature	Senate
Establishment
• Unification	1129
• Annexation of Riania	1697
• Golden Uprising	1850
Area
•	70,192 km2 (27,101 sq mi)
Population
• 2018 census	3784289
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Total	$113.91 billion
• Per capita	$30,102
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	$135.97 billion
• Per capita	$35,931
Gini (2017)	25.9 low
HDI (2018)	0.807 very high
Currency	Castelan argenda
Driving side	right
Calling code	+69
Internet TLD	.cs

Castelana (Castelan: Castelanha [kastɛlaɲa], Rianic: Castelun [kastɛːlʊn]), officially the Castelan Republic (Castelan: Republica Castelana [ɾɛpublika kastɛlana], Rianic: Gwerinaeth Castelunaeg [ɡwɛɾɪnaɪ̯θ kastɛluːnaɪ̯ɡ]), is a landlocked country located on the Angulas Peninsula in southern Plateia. The northern parts of the nation are rather mountainous, with the more temperate and flat southern parts of the country being more inhabited; both the capital of Sãda Mõdanha and the largest city of Cendraçuda being located in this area. The nation is governed as a federal parliamentary directorial republic and is currently led by Consuls Ruis Frayas and Anha Estiorõ.

The Castelan Republic has existed in some form since 1129, when much of the Angulas Peninsula, bar Riania, was unified under a centralised authority in Sãda Mõdanha. The nation was long run as a noble republic, with membership of the Senate being hereditary and thus confined to a few select families, who mostly came from the region around the capital. This led to tensions in the 18th and 19th centuries, as the absorption of Riania in 1697 and the growth of the middle classes led to powerful sections of society feeling unrepresented in the government. As industrialisation concentrated the population and shifted society further, the traditional republic and nobility were overthrown in 1866 as part of the wider Second Jacobin Uprising, which established Castelana as a democratic republic with universal suffrage.

Castelana's republican virtues play a strong role in its national identity and international outlook, as does its unique religious heritage under the Minervan faith and its continued relevance in Castelan society. A history of trade unionism has led to the nation adopting an economic system largely based on tripartite corporatism, with negotiations between employers, unions and the government being central to the nation's economy. The nation, as a result, has relatively low levels of income inequality. It also has a generous welfare state, with the government providing free tertiary education and universal healthcare, as well as some of the world's longest maternity leave.

However, the nation has been marred by social conflicts between modernising, secular forces and traditional religious values, and has seen conflict over the past few decades between Rianic nationalists and seperatists and the central government.

Politics and Government

Castelana works within the framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic; the Consuls serve as head of state and government. Executive power is excercised by the Government of Castelana, legislative power is excercised by the Senate of Castelana and judicial power is independent from both the legislature and the executive.

The Senate of Castelana is given legislative power, and on top of this gives confidence to the Government and Consuls of Castelana, approves the budget and ratifies treaties with other nations. The Senate is elected every two years by mixed-member proportional representation, with 50 of its members being elected to represent single-member constituencies and 50 being elected to regional lists representing Castelana's five Provinces.

At the start of each term, the Senate elects two Consuls from among itself; it is customary for them to represent two different parties within the Senate so that one party does not become more powerful and to make coalition governments more stable. A Government consisting of 10 Ministers is then appointed by the Consuls and confirmed by the Senate, which is then responsible for the governance of the nation and holds executive power.