Kurdistan

Federation of Kurdistan Federasyona Kurdistanê (Kurdish)
Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Amed
Largest city	Hewler
Official languages	Kurdish
Recognised national languages	Russian

Kurdistan, officially the Federation of Kurdistan (Kurdish: Federasyona Kurdistanê) is a nation located in the Middle East and the Caucasus, bordering Iran, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Assyria, and Armenia, it's Capital is Kirkuk while the most populous is Hawler.

There are various hypotheses as to predecessor populations of the Kurds, such as the Carduchoi of Classical Antiquity. The earliest known Kurdish dynasties under Islamic rule (10th to 12th centuries) are the Hasanwayhids, the Marwanids, the Rawadids, the Shaddadids, followed by the Ayyubid dynasty founded by Saladin. The Battle of Chaldiran of 1514 is an important turning point in Kurdish history, marking the alliance of Kurds with the Ottomans. The Sharafnameh of 1597 is the first account of Kurdish history. Kurdish history in the 19th century is marked by a rising sense of Kurdish nationhood focused on the goal of an independent Kurdistan, after the loss of autonomy from the Ottomans in 119th century.

Kurdistan is a charter member of the United Nations, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, OIC, and G40. After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950,