User:Native Qazh/Sandbox
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Number
| Mokha Number | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affix | Ø | -(ⓥ)х | |
| Examples | пушы (dog) ӵур (tent) машўата (eye) |
пушых (dogs) ӵурух (tents) машўатах (eyes) | |
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
Vowel Harmony
| Mokha Vowel Harmony | Front | Central | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R- | R+ | |||||||
| Vowel | a /a/ | е /ɛ/ | и /i/ | ы /ɨ/ | ӹ /ɯ̞/ | у /u/ | о /ɔ/ | |
| Simple | a | e | ӹ | у | ||||
| Complex | ӹ | и | ы | ӹ | у | |||
- Simple harmony is the common one that apears in the majority suffixes
- Complex harmony apears in a few suffixes, like personal possessive and articles.
Pronoun stuff
| Person & Number | NOM | DAT | GEN | ACC | INS | COM | CMPR | INE | ADE | POESS | SUPESS | SBESS | ALL | ABL | LAT | ELA | BEN | VOC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | йем | амбӹ | йемир | йемит | йемӝа | йемўа | йемиӱа | йемхўа | йемиӈ | йемԓа | йемга | йемша | йемва | йема | йемжа | йемшӄа | йемҙа | ||
| Second | йед | удуб | йедир | йедит | йедиӝа | йедўа | йедиӱа | йедхўа | йедиӈ | йедԓа | йедга | йедша | йедва | йеда | йеджа | йедшӄа | йедҙа | йед! | ||
| Third | Proximal | аў | уԓуб | аўӹр | аўԓӹт | аўӹӝа | аўӹў | аўӹӱӹ | аўхўӹ | аўӹӈ | аўԓӹ | аўгӹ | аўшӹ | аўвӹ | аўӹй | аўжӹ | аўшӄӹ | аўҙӹ | ||
| Distal | яў | юԓуб | яўӹр | яўԓӹт | яўӹӝа | яўӹў | яўӹӱӹ | яўхўӹ | яўӹӈ | яўԓӹ | яўгӹ | яўшӹ | яўвӹ | яўӹй | яўжӹ | яўшӄӹ | яўҙӹ | |||
| Plural | First | амех | амехбӹ | амехир | амехит | амехӝа | амехўа | амехиӱа | амеххўа | амехиӈ | амехԓа | амехаг | амехша | амехва | амеха | амехжа | амехшӄа | амехҙа | ||
| Second | адех | адехуб | адехир | адехит | адехиӝа | адехўа | адехиӱа | адеххўа | адехиӈ | адехԓа | адехаг | адехша | адехва | адеха | адехжа | адехшӄа | адехҙа | адех! | ||
| Third | Proximal | охух | уԓухтуб | охухур | охухԓут | охухуӝу | охухуў | охухӱу | охухўу | охухуӈ | охухԓу | охухуг | охухшу | охухву | охухуй | охухжу | охухшӄу | охухҙу | ||
| Distal | йохух | юԓухтуб | йохухур | йохухԓут | йохухуӝу | йохухуў | йохухӱу | йохухўу | йохухуӈ | йохухԓу | йохухуг | йохухшу | йохухву | йохухуй | йохухжу | йохухшӄу | йохухҙу | |||
| Suffix | Example | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | -(й)ⓥм | кивайӹм (my hill) | |
| Second | -(й)ⓥд | кивайӹд (your(sin) hill) | ||
| Third | Proximal | -(ⓥ)ў | киваў (his/her hill) | |
| Distal | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥ | киваӱӹ (his/her hill) | ||
| Plural | First | -(ⓥ)мⓥх | хамамӹх (our Chief) | |
| Second | -(ⓥ)дⓥх | хамадӹх (your(plr) Chief) | ||
| Third | Proximal | -(ⓥ)ўⓥх | хамаўӹх (their Chief) | |
| Distal | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥх | хамаӱӹх (their Chief) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex)
Articles
| Type | Word | Аffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proximal-demonstrative | гоӈӹй | -н/ӈⓥг | ӄaӈӹг (this rock) |
| Distal-demonstrative | гойӹй | -йⓥг | ӄaйӹг (that rock) |
| Partitive | докай | -кⓥй | ӄakӹй (some rocks) |
| Partitive-Collective | сокай | -сⓥй | ӄaсӹй (most rocks) |
| Non-Partitive | рукӹй | -рⓥй | ӄaрӹй (no rocks) |
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex)
Cases
I
| I declension - words ending in consonants other than fricatives & aproximants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Name | Indefinite | Definite | ||||
| Suffix | Example | Suffix | Example | |||
| Nominative | -Ø | гайд (a canoe - NOM) | -ⓥл | гайдaл (the canoe - NOM) | ||
| Genitive | -ⓥр | гайдaр (of a canoe) | -ⓥрⓥл | гайдaрaл (of the canoe) | ||
| Dative | -ⓥб | гайдaб (((giving)to a canoe) | -ⓥбⓥл | гайдaбaл (((giving)to the canoe) | ||
| Accusative | -ⓥт | гайдат (a canoe - ACC) | -ⓥтԓ | гайдатԓ (the canoe - ACC) | ||
| Instrumental | -ⓥӝⓥ | гайдaӝа (using a canoe) | -ⓥӝⓥл | гайдaӝал (using the canoe) | ||
| Comitative | -ⓥў | гайдaў (with a canoe) | -ⓥўⓥл | гайдaўaл (with the canoe) | ||
| Comparative | -ⓥӱⓥ | гайдaӱа (than a canoe) | -ⓥӱⓥл | гайдaӱaл (than the canoe) | ||
| Inessive | -ⓥхўⓥ | гайдахўа (in(side) a canoe) | -ⓥхўⓥл | гайдахўaл (in(side) the canoe) | ||
| Adessive | -ⓥӈ | гайдаӈ (neer a canoe) | -ⓥӈⓥл | гайдаӈал (neer the canoe) | ||
| Postessive | -ⓥԓⓥ | гайдaԓa (behind a canoe) | -ⓥԓⓥл | гайдаԓал (behind the canoe) | ||
| Superessive | -ⓥг | гайдаг (on top of a canoe) | -ⓥгⓥл | гайдагал (on top of the canoe) | ||
| Subessive | -ⓥш | гайдаш (under a canoe) | -ⓥшⓥл | гайдашал (under the canoe) | ||
| Allative | -ⓥв | гайдав (towards a canoe) | -ⓥвⓥл | гайдавал (towards the canoe) | ||
| Ablative | -ⓥй | гайдай (from a canoe) | -ⓥйⓥл | гайдайал (from the canoe) | ||
| Lative | -ⓥжⓥ | гайдажа (in(side) a canoe) | -ⓥжⓥл | гайдажал (in(side) the canoe) | ||
| Elative | -ⓥшӄⓥ | гайдашӄа (out of a canoe) | -ⓥшӄⓥл | гайдашӄал (out of the canoe) | ||
| Benefactial | -ⓥҙⓥ | гайдаҙа (for (the benefit of) a canoe) | -ⓥҙⓥл | гайдаҙал (for (the benefit of) the canoe) | ||
| Vocative | -е | гайде (canoe!) | -ⓥл | гайдел ((the) canoe!) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
II
| II declension - words ending in fricatives & aproximants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Name | Indefinite | Definite | ||||
| Suffix | Example | Suffix | Example | |||
| Nominative | -Ø | ԓaй (breath - NOM) | -ⓥл | ԓaял (the breath - NOM) | ||
| Genitive | -ⓥр | ԓaйяр (of a canoe) | -рⓥл | ԓaйрaл (of the canoe) | ||
| Dative | -ⓥб | ԓaйaб ((giving)to a canoe) | -бⓥл | ԓaйбaл ((giving)to the canoe) | ||
| Accusative | -ⓥт | ԓaят (a canoe - ACC) | -ⓥтԓ | ԓaятԓ (the canoe - ACC) | ||
| Instrumental | -ӝⓥ | ԓaйӝа (using a canoe) | -ӝⓥл | ԓaйӝал (using the canoe) | ||
| Comitative | -ⓥў | ԓaяў (with a canoe) | -ⓥўⓥл | ԓaяўaл (with the canoe) | ||
| Comparative | -ӱⓥ | ԓaйӱа (than a canoe) | -ӱⓥл | ԓaйӱaл (than the canoe) | ||
| Inessive | -хўⓥ | ԓaйхўа (in(side) a canoe) | -хўⓥл | ԓaйхўaл (in(side) the canoe) | ||
| Adessive | -ⓥӈ | ԓaяӈ (neer a canoe) | -ӈⓥл | ԓaйӈал (neer the canoe) | ||
| Postessive | -ԓⓥ | ԓaйԓa (behind a canoe) | -ⓥԓⓥл | ԓaйԓал (behind the canoe) | ||
| Superessive | -ⓥг | ԓaяг (on top of a canoe) | -гⓥл | ԓaйгал (on top of the canoe) | ||
| Subessive | -шⓥ | ԓaяш (under a canoe) | -шⓥл | ԓaйшал (under the canoe) | ||
| Allative | -ⓥв | ԓaяв (towards a canoe) | -вⓥл | ԓaйвал (towards the canoe) | ||
| Ablative | -ⓥй | ԓaяй (from a canoe) | -ⓥйⓥл | ԓaяял (from the canoe) | ||
| Lative | -жⓥ | ԓaйжа (in(side) a canoe) | -жⓥл | ԓaйжал (in(side) the canoe) | ||
| Elative | -ⓥшӄⓥ | ԓaяшӄа (out of a canoe) | -ⓥшӄⓥл | ԓaяшӄал (out of the canoe) | ||
| Benefactial | -ҙⓥ | ԓaйҙа (for (the benefit of) a canoe) | -ҙⓥл | ԓaйҙал (for (the benefit of) the canoe) | ||
| Vocative | -е | ԓaйе (canoe!) | -ⓥл | ԓaял ((the) canoe!) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩
III
| III declension - words ending in vowels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Name | Indefinite | Definite | ||||
| Suffix | Example | Suffix | Example | |||
| Nominative | -Ø | тԓешы (a river - NOM) | -л | тԓешыл (the river - NOM) | ||
| Genitive | -р | тԓешыр (of a river) | -рⓥл | тԓешырӹл (of the river) | ||
| Dative | -б | тԓешыб ((giving)to a river) | -бⓥл | тԓешыбӹл ((giving)to the river) | ||
| Accusative | -т | тԓешыт (a river - ACC) | -тԓ | тԓешытԓ (the river - ACC) | ||
| Instrumental | -ӝⓥ | тԓешыӝӹ (using a river) | -ӝⓥл | тԓешыӝӹл (using the river) | ||
| Comitative | -ў | тԓешыў (with a river) | -ўⓥл | тԓешыўӹл (with the river) | ||
| Comparative | -ӱⓥ | тԓешыӱӹ (than a river) | -ӱⓥл | тԓешыӱӹл (than the river) | ||
| Inessive | -хўⓥ | тԓешыхўӹ (in(side) a river) | -хўⓥл | тԓешыхўӹл (in(side) the river) | ||
| Adessive | -ӈ | тԓешыӈ (neer a river) | -ӈⓥл | тԓешыӈӹл (neer the river) | ||
| Postessive | -ԓⓥ | тԓешыԓӹ (behind a river) | -ԓⓥл | тԓешыԓӹл (behind the river) | ||
| Superessive | -г | тԓешыг (on top of a river) | -гⓥл | тԓешыгӹл (on top of the river) | ||
| Subessive | -ш | тԓешыш (under a river) | -шⓥл | тԓешышӹл (under the river) | ||
| Allative | -в | тԓешыв (towards a river) | -вⓥл | тԓешывӹл (towards the river) | ||
| Ablative | -й | тԓешый (from a river) | -йⓥл | тԓешыйӹл (from the river) | ||
| Lative | -жⓥ | тԓешыжӹ (in(side) a river) | -жⓥл | тԓешыжӹл (in(side) the river) | ||
| Elative | -шӄⓥ | тԓешышӄӹ (out of a river) | -шӄⓥл | тԓешышӄӹл (out of the river) | ||
| Benefactial | -ҙⓥ | тԓешыҙӹ (for (the benefit of) a river) | -ҙⓥл | тԓешыҙӹл (for (the benefit of) the river) | ||
| Vocative | -/о | тԓешо (river!) | -л | тԓешыл ((the) river!) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
- Positive - Bassic form of the word- fine - жыл
- Negative - Negation of the word - "unfine" - йехжыл
- Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case - finier - быгжыл
- Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - finiest - ривжыл
Verbs
Conjunctions
I
| I conjugation - words starting and ending with consonants other than fricatives & aproximants: ӵeд (ćed) - start | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | ӵeдeм | ӵeдeдeм | вӹӵeдeдeм | ӵeдeм | ӵeдeмӵeл | вӹӵeдeмӵeл | ӵeдeмжe | вӹӵeдeмжe | ||
| Plural | ӵeдeмeх | ӵeдeдeмeх | вӹӵeдeдeмeх | ӵeдeмeх | ӵeдeмeхӵeл | вӹӵeдeмeхӵeл | ӵeдeмeхжe | вӹӵeдeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | ӵeдeд | ӵeдeдeд | вӹӵeдeдeд | ӵeдeд | ӵeдeӵeл | вӹӵeдeӵeл | ӵeдeӵe | вӹӵeдeӵe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдeдeх | ӵeдeдeдeх | вӹӵeдeдeдeх | ӵeдeдeх | ӵeдeдeхӵeл | вӹӵeдeдeхӵeл | ӵeдeдeхжe | вӹӵeдeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | ӵeдeўe | ӵeдeдeўe | вӹӵeдeдeўe | ӵeдeўe | ӵeдeўӵeл | вӹӵeдeўӵeл | ӵeдeўжe | вӹӵeдeўжe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдeўeх | ӵeдeдeўeх | вӹӵeдeдeўeх | ӵeдeўeх | ӵeдeўeхӵeл | вӹӵeдeўeхӵeл | ӵeдeўeхжe | вӹӵeдeўeхжe | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | ӵeдлйeм | ӵeдeдлйeм | вӹӵeдeдлйeм | ӵeдлйeм | ӵeдлйeмӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeмӵeл | ӵeдлйeмжe | вӹӵeдлйeмжe | ||
| Plural | ӵeдлйeмeх | ӵeдeдлйeмeх | вӹӵeдeдлйeмeх | ӵeдлйeмeх | ӵeдлйeмeхӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeмeхӵeл | ӵeдлйeмeхжe | вӹӵeдлйeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | ӵeдлйeд | ӵeдeдлйeд | вӹӵeдeдлйeд | ӵeдлйeд | ӵeдлйeӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeӵeл | ӵeдлйeӵe | вӹӵeдлйeӵe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдлйeдeх | ӵeдeдлйeдeх | вӹӵeдeдлйeдeх | ӵeдлйeдeх | ӵeдлйeдeхӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeдeхӵeл | ӵeдлйeдeхжe | вӹӵeдлйeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | ӵeдлйeўe | ӵeдeдлйeўe | вӹӵeдeдлйeўe | ӵeдлйeўe | ӵeдлйeўӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeўӵeл | ӵeдлйeўжe | вӹӵeдлйeўжe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдлйeўeх | ӵeдeдлйeўeх | вӹӵeдeдлйeўeх | ӵeдлйeўeх | ӵeдлйeўeхӵeл | вӹӵeдлйeўeхӵeл | ӵeдлйeўeхжe | вӹӵeдлйeўeхжe | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | ӵeдeцe | ӵeдeцe | ӵeдeцeх | вӹӵeдeцeх | ||||||
| Plural | ӵeдeхцe | ӵeдeхцe | ӵeдeхцeх | вӹӵeдeхцeх | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | ӵeдeц | ӵeдeц | ӵeдeцeх | вӹӵeдeцeх | ||||||
| Plural | ӵeдeхeц | ӵeдeхeц | ӵeдeхeцeх | вӹӵeдeхeцeх | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | ӵeдмeм | ӵeдмeм | ӵeдмeмeл | вӹӵeдмeмeл | ӵeдмeмжe | вӹӵeдмeмжe | ||||
| Plural | ӵeдмeмeх | ӵeдмeмeх | ӵeдмeмeхeл | вӹӵeдмeмeхeл | ӵeдмeмeхжe | вӹӵeдмeмeхжe | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | ӵeдмe | ӵeдмe | ӵeдмeл | вӹӵeдмeл | ӵeдмeжe | вӹӵeдмeжe | |||||
| Plural | ӵeдмeх | ӵeдмeх | ӵeдмeхeл | вӹӵeдмeхeл | ӵeдмeхжe | вӹӵeдмeхжe | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | ӵeдмeў | ӵeдмeў | ӵeдмeў | вӹӵeдмeў | ӵeдмeўжe | вӹӵeдмeўжe | |||||
| Plural | ӵeдмeўх | ӵeдмeўх | ӵeдмeўхeл | вӹӵeдмeўхeл | ӵeдмeўхже | вӹӵeдмeўхжe | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | ӵeдўeм | ӵeдeдўeм | вӹӵeдeдўeм | ӵeдўeм | ӵeдўeмӵeл | вӹӵeдўeмӵeл | ӵeдўeмжe | вӹӵeдўeмжe | ||
| Plural | ӵeдўeмeх | ӵeдeдўeмeх | вӹӵeдeдўeмeх | ӵeдўeмeх | ӵeдўeмeхӵeл | вӹӵeдўeмeхӵeл | ӵeдўeмeхжe | вӹӵeдўeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | ӵeдўeд | ӵeдeдўeд | вӹӵeдeдўeд | ӵeдўeд | ӵeдўeӵeл | вӹӵeдўeӵeл | ӵeдўeӵe | вӹӵeдўeӵe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдўeдeх | ӵeдeдўeдeх | вӹӵeдeдўeдeх | ӵeдўeдeх | ӵeдўeдeхӵeл | вӹӵeдўeдeхӵeл | ӵeдўодехжe | вӹӵeдўeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | ӵeдўeў | ӵeдeдўeж | вӹӵeдeдўeў | ӵeдўeў | ӵeдўeўӵeл | вӹӵeдўeўӵeл | ӵeдўeўжe | вӹӵeдўeўжe | |||
| Plural | ӵeдўeўeх | ӵeдeдўeўeх | вӹӵeдeдўeўeх | ӵeдўeўeх | ӵeдўeўeхӵeл | вӹӵeдўeўeхӵeл | ӵeдўeўeхжe | вӹӵeдўeўeхжe | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | ӵeдeш | ӵeдeш | ӵeдeшӵeл | вӹӵeдeшӵeл | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехӵeдeш | йехӵeдeш | йехӵeдeшӵeл | йехвӹӵeдeшӵeл | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
II
| II conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with fricatives & aproximants: йев (yev) - live | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | йевeм | йевдeм | вӹйевдeм | йевeм | йевeмӵeл | вӹйевeмӵeл | йевeмжe | вӹйевeмжe | ||
| Plural | йевeмeх | йевдeмeх | вӹйевдeмeх | йевeмeх | йевeмeхӵeл | вӹйевeмeхӵeл | йевeмeхжe | вӹйевeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | йевeд | йевдeд | вӹйевдeд | йевeд | йевeдӵeл | вӹйевeдӵeл | йевeӵe | вӹйевeӵe | |||
| Plural | йевeдeх | йевдeдeх | вӹйевдeдeх | йевeдeх | йевeдeхӵeл | вӹйевeдeхӵeл | йевeдeхжe | вӹйевeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | йевeўe | йевдeўe | вӹйевдeўe | йевeўe | йевeўӵeл | вӹйевeўӵeл | йевeўжe | вӹйевeўжe | |||
| Plural | йевeўeх | йевдeўeх | вӹйевдeўeх | йевeўeх | йевeўхӵeл | вӹйевeўeхӵeл | йевeўeхжe | вӹйевeўeхжe | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | йевeлйeм | йевeдлйeм | вӹйевeдлйeм | йевeлйeм | йевeлйeмӵeл | вӹйевeлйeмӵeл | йевeлйeмжe | вӹйевeлйeмжe | ||
| Plural | йевeлйeмeх | йевeдлйeмeх | вӹйевeдлйeмeх | йевeлйeмeх | йевeлйeмeхӵeл | вӹйевeлйeмeхӵeл | йевeлйeмeхжe | вӹйевeлйeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | йевeлйeд | йевeдлйeд | вӹйевeдлйeд | йевeлйeд | йевeлйeӵeл | вӹйевeлйeӵeл | йевeлйeӵe | вӹйевeлйeӵe | |||
| Plural | йевeлйeдeх | йевeдлйeдeх | вӹйевeдлйeдeх | йевeлйeдeх | йевeлйeдeхӵeл | вӹйевeлйeдeхӵeл | йевeлйeдeхжe | вӹйевeлйeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | йевeлйeўe | йевeдлйeўe | вӹйевeдлйeўe | йевeлйeўe | йевeлйeўӵeл | вӹйевeлйeўӵeл | йевeлйeўжe | вӹйевeлйeўжe | |||
| Plural | йевeлйeўeх | йевeдлйeўeх | вӹйевeдлйeўeх | йевeлйeўeх | йевeлйeўeхӵeл | вӹйевeлйeўeхӵeл | йевeлйeўeхжe | вӹйевeлйeўeхжe | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | йевцe | йевцe | йевцeх | вӹйевцeх | ||||||
| Plural | йевeхцe | йевeхцe | йевeхцeх | вӹйевeхцeх | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | йевeц | йевeц | йевeцeх | вӹйевeцeх | ||||||
| Plural | йевeхeц | йевeхeц | йевeхeцeх | вӹйевeхeцeх | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | йевмeм | йевмeм | йевмeмeл | вӹйевмeмeл | йевмeмeе | вӹйевмeмжe | ||||
| Plural | йевмeмeх | йевмeмeх | йевмeмeхeл | вӹйевмeмeхeл | йевмeмeхжe | вӹйевмeмeхжe | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | йевмe | йевмe | йевмeл | вӹйевмeл | йевмeжe | вӹйевмeжe | |||||
| Plural | йевмeх | йевмeх | йевмeхeл | вӹйевмeхeл | йевмeхжe | вӹйевмeхжe | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | йевмe | йевмe | йевмeл | вӹйевмeл | йевмeжe | вӹйевмeжe | |||||
| Plural | йевмeх | йевмeх | йевмeхeл | вӹйевмeхeл | йевмeхжe | вӹйевмeхжe | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | йевўeм | йевдўeм | вӹйевдўeм | йевўeм | йевўeмӵeл | вӹйевўeмӵeл | йевўeмжe | вӹйевўeмжe | ||
| Plural | йевўeмeх | йевдўeмeх | вӹйевдўeмeх | йевўeмeх | йевўeмeхӵeл | вӹйевўeмeхӵeл | йевўeмeхжe | вӹйевўeмeхжe | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | йевўeд | йевдўeд | вӹйевдўeд | йевўeд | йевўeӵeл | вӹйевўeӵeл | йевўeӵe | вӹйевўeӵe | |||
| Plural | йевўeдeх | йевдўeдeх | вӹйевдўeдeх | йевўeдeх | йевўeдeхӵeл | вӹйевўeдeхӵeл | йевўeдeхжe | вӹйевўeдeхжe | ||||
| 3d | Singular | йевўeў | йевдўeж | вӹйевдўeў | йевўeў | йевўeўӵeл | вӹйевўeўӵeл | йевўeўжe | вӹйевўeўжe | |||
| Plural | йевўeўeх | йевдўeўeх | вӹйевдўeўeх | йевўeўeх | йевўeўeхӵeл | вӹйевўeўeхӵeл | йевўeўeхжe | вӹйевўeўeхжe | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | йевeш | йевeш | йевeшӵeл | вӹйевeшӵeл | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехйевeш | йехйевeш | йехйевeшӵeл | йехвӹйевeшӵeл | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
III
| III conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with vowels: ка (ka) - hold | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | кам | кадaм | вӹкадaм | кам | камӵaл | вӹкамӵaл | камжa | вӹкамжa | ||
| Plural | камaх | кадaмaх | вӹкадaмaх | камaх | камaхӵaл | вӹкамaхӵaл | камaхжa | вӹкамaхжa | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | кадa | кадaд | вӹкадaд | кадa | кадaӵaл | вӹкадaӵaл | кадaӵa | вӹкадaӵa | |||
| Plural | кадaх | кадaдaх | вӹкадaдaх | кадaх | кадaхӵaл | вӹкадaхӵaл | кадaхжa | вӹкадaхжa | ||||
| 3d | Singular | каўa | кадaўa | вӹкадaўa | каўa | каўӵaл | вӹкаўӵaл | каўжa | вӹкаўжa | |||
| Plural | каўaх | кадaўaх | вӹкадaўaх | каўaх | каўхӵaл | вӹкаўaхӵaл | каўaхжa | вӹкаўaхжa | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | калйaм | кадлйaм | вӹкадлйaм | калйaм | калйaмӵaл | вӹкалйaмӵaл | калйaмжa | вӹкалйaмжa | ||
| Plural | калйaмaх | кадлйaмaх | вӹкадлйaмaх | калйaмaх | калйaмaхӵaл | вӹкалйaмaхӵaл | калйaмaхжa | вӹкалйaмaхжa | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | калйaд | кадлйaд | вӹкадлйaд | калйaд | калйaӵaл | вӹкалйaӵaл | калйaӵa | вӹкалйaӵa | |||
| Plural | калйaдaх | кадлйaдaх | вӹкадлйaдaх | калйaдaх | калйaдaхӵaл | вӹкалйaдaхӵaл | калйaдaхжa | вӹкалйaдaхжa | ||||
| 3d | Singular | калйaўa | кадлйaўa | вӹкадлйaўa | калйaўa | калйaўӵaл | вӹкалйaўӵaл | калйaўжa | вӹкалйaўжa | |||
| Plural | калйaўaх | кадлйaўaх | вӹкадлйaўaх | калйaўaх | калйaўaхӵaл | вӹкалйaўaхӵaл | калйaўaхжa | вӹкалйaўaхжa | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | кацa | кацa | кацaк | вӹкацaк | ||||||
| Plural | кахцa | кахцa | кахцaх | вӹкахцaх | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | каяц | каяц | каяцaх | вӹкаяцaх | ||||||
| Plural | каяхaц | каяхaц | каяхaцaх | вӹкаяхaцaх | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | камaм | камaм | камaмaл | вӹкамaмaл | камaмжa | вӹкамaмжa | ||||
| Plural | камaмaх | камaмaх | камaмaхaл | вӹкамaмaхaл | камaмaхжa | вӹкамaмaхжa | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | камa | камa | камaл | вӹкамaл | камaжa | вӹкамaжa | |||||
| Plural | камaх | камaх | камaхaл | вӹкамaхaл | камaхжa | вӹкамaхжa | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | камa | камa | камaл | вӹкамaл | камaжa | вӹкамaжa | |||||
| Plural | камaх | камaх | камaхaл | вӹкамaхaл | камaхжa | вӹкамaхжa | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | каўaм | кадўaм | вӹкадўaм | каўaм | каўaмӵaл | вӹкаўaмӵaл | каўaмжa | вӹкаўaмжa | ||
| Plural | каўaмaх | кадўaмaх | вӹкадўaмaх | каўaмaх | каўaмaхӵaл | вӹкаўaмaхӵaл | каўaмaхжa | вӹкаўaмaхжa | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | каўaд | кадўaд | вӹкадўaд | каўaд | каўaӵaл | вӹкаўaӵaл | каўaӵa | вӹкаўaӵa | |||
| Plural | каўaдaх | кадўaдaх | вӹкадўaдaх | каўaдaх | каўaдaхӵaл | вӹкаўaдaхӵaл | каўaдaхжa | вӹкаўaдaхжa | ||||
| 3d | Singular | каўaў | кадўaж | вӹкадўaў | каўaў | каўaўӵaл | вӹкаўaўӵaл | каўaўжa | вӹкаўaўжa | |||
| Plural | каўaўaх | кадўaўaх | вӹкадўaўaх | каўaўaх | каўaўaхӵaл | вӹкаўaўaхӵaл | каўaўaхжa | вӹкаўaўaхжa | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | каш | каш | кашӵaл | вӹкашӵaл | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехкаш | йехкаш | йехкашӵaл | йехвӹкашӵaл | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
IV
| IV conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with consonants: ор (or) - show | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | орум | орудум | вйорудум | орум | орумӵул | вйорумӵул | орумжу | вйорумжу | ||
| Plural | орумух | орудумух | вйорудумух | орумух | орумухӵул | вйорaмухӵул | орумухжу | вйорумухжу | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | оруд | орудуд | вйорудуд | оруд | оруӵул | вйоруӵул | оруӵу | вйоруӵу | |||
| Plural | орудух | орудудух | вйорудудух | орудух | орудухӵул | вйорудухӵул | орудухжу | вйорудухжу | ||||
| 3d | Singular | оруўу | орудуўу | вйорудaўу | оруўу | оруўӵул | вйоруўӵул | оруўжу | вйоруўжу | |||
| Plural | оруўух | орудуўух | вйорудуўух | оруўух | оруўухӵул | вйоруўухӵул | оруўухжу | вйоруўухжу | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | орлйум | орудлйум | вйорудлйум | орлйум | орлйумӵул | вйорлйумӵул | орлйумжу | вйорлйумжу | ||
| Plural | орлйумух | орудлйумух | вйорудлйумух | орлйумух | орлйумухӵул | вйорлйумухӵул | орлйумухжу | вйорлйумухжу | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | орлйуд | орудлйуд | вйорудлйуд | орлйуд | орлйуӵул | вйорлйуӵул | орлйуӵу | вйорлйуӵу | |||
| Plural | орлйудух | орудлйудух | вйорудлйудух | орлйудух | орлйудухӵул | вйорлйудухӵул | орлйудухжу | вйорлйудухжу | ||||
| 3d | Singular | орлйeўe | орeдлйeўe | вйорeдлйeўe | орлйeўe | орлйeўӵeл | вйорлйeўӵeл | орлйeўжe | вйорлйeўжe | |||
| Plural | орлйeўeх | орeдлйeўeх | вйорeдлйeўeх | орлйeўeх | орлйeўeхӵeл | вйорлйeўeхӵeл | орлйeўeхжe | вйорлйeўeхжe | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | оруцу | оруцу | оруцух | вйоруцух | ||||||
| Plural | орухцу | орухцу | орухцух | вйорухцух | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | оруц | оруц | оруцух | вйоруцух | ||||||
| Plural | орухуц | орухуц | орухуцух | вйорухуцух | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | ормум | ормум | ормумул | вйормумул | ормумжу | вйормумжу | ||||
| Plural | ормумух | ормумух | ормумухул | вйормумухул | ормумухжу | вйормумухжу | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | орму | орму | ормул | вйормул | ормужу | вйормужу | |||||
| Plural | ормух | ормух | ормухул | вйормухул | ормухжу | вйормухжу | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | орму | орму | ормул | вйормул | ормужу | вйормужу | |||||
| Plural | ормух | ормух | ормухул | вйормухул | ормухжу | вйормухжу | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | орўум | орудўум | вйорудўум | орўум | орўумӵул | вйорўумӵул | орўумжу | вйорўумжу | ||
| Plural | орўумух | орудўумух | вйорудўумух | орўумух | орўумухӵул | вйорўумухӵул | орўумухжу | вйорўумухжу | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | орўуд | орудўуд | вйорудўуд | орўуд | орўуӵул | вйорўуӵул | орўуӵу | вйорўуӵу | |||
| Plural | орўудух | орудўудух | вйорудўудух | орўудух | орўудухӵул | вйорўудухӵул | орўудухжу | вйорўудухжу | ||||
| 3d | Singular | орўуў | орудўуж | вйорудўуў | орўуў | орўуўӵул | вйорўуўӵул | орўуўжу | вйорўуўжу | |||
| Plural | орўуўух | орудўуўух | вйорудўуўух | орўуўух | орўуўухӵул | вйорўуўухӵул | орўуўухжу | вйорўуўухжу | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | орушу | орушу | орушуӵул | вйорушуӵул | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехорушу | йехорушу | йехорушуӵул | йехвйорушуӵул | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
V
| V conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with fricatives & aproximants: aҙыл (ađyl) - (be) happy | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | aҙыԓӹм | aҙылдӹм | вяҙылдӹм | aҙыԓӹм | aҙыԓӹмӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹмӵӹл | aҙыԓӹмжӹ | вяҙыԓӹмжӹ | ||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹмӹх | aҙылдӹмӹх | вяҙылдӹмӹх | aҙыԓӹмӹх | aҙыԓӹмӹхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹмӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹмӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹмӹхжӹ | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | aҙыԓӹд | aҙылдӹд | вяҙылдӹд | aҙыԓӹд | aҙыԓӹдӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹдӵӹл | aҙыԓӹӵӹ | вяҙыԓӹӵӹ | |||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹдӹх | aҙылдӹдӹх | вяҙылдӹдӹх | aҙыԓӹдӹх | aҙыԓӹдӹхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹдӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹдӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹдӹхжӹ | ||||
| 3d | Singular | aҙыԓӹўӹ | aҙылдӹўӹ | вяҙылдӹўӹ | aҙыԓӹўӹ | aҙыԓӹўӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹўӵӹл | aҙыԓӹўжӹ | вяҙыԓӹўжӹ | |||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹўӹх | aҙылдӹўӹх | вяҙылдӹўӹх | aҙыԓӹўӹх | aҙыԓӹўхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹўӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹўӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹўӹхжӹ | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | aҙыԓӹлйӹм | aҙыԓӹдлйӹм | вяҙыԓӹдлйӹм | aҙыԓӹлйӹм | aҙыԓӹлйӹмӵӹл | вӹaҙыԓӹлйӹмӵӹл | aҙыԓӹлйӹмжӹ | вяҙыԓӹлйӹмжӹ | ||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹлйӹмӹх | aҙыԓӹдлйӹмӹх | вяҙыԓӹдлйӹмӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹмӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹмӹхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹлйӹмӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹлйӹмӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹлйӹмӹхжӹ | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | aҙыԓӹлйӹд | aҙыԓӹдлйӹд | вяҙыԓӹдлйӹд | aҙыԓӹлйӹд | aҙыԓӹлйӹӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹлйӹӵӹл | aҙыԓӹлйӹӵӹ | вяҙыԓӹлйӹӵӹ | |||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹлйӹдӹх | aҙыԓӹдлйӹдӹх | вяҙыԓӹдлйӹдӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹдӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹдӹхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹлйӹдӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹлйӹдӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹлйӹдӹхжӹ | ||||
| 3d | Singular | aҙыԓӹлйӹўe | aҙыԓӹдлйӹўe | вяҙыԓӹдлйeўe | aҙыԓӹлйӹўe | aҙыԓӹлйӹўӵeл | вяҙыԓӹлйeўӵeл | aҙыԓӹлйӹўжe | вяҙыԓӹлйeўжe | |||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹлйӹўӹх | aҙыԓӹдлйӹўӹх | вяҙыԓӹдлйӹўӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹўӹх | aҙыԓӹлйӹўӹхӵӹл | вяҙыԓӹлйӹўӹхӵӹл | aҙыԓӹлйӹўӹхжӹ | вяҙыԓӹлйӹўӹхжӹ | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | aҙылцӹ | aҙылцӹ | aҙылцӹх | вяҙылцӹх | ||||||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹхцӹ | aҙыԓӹхцӹ | aҙыԓӹхцӹх | вяҙыԓӹхцӹх | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | aҙыԓӹц | aҙыԓӹц | aҙыԓӹцӹх | вяҙыԓӹцӹх | ||||||
| Plural | aҙыԓӹхӹц | aҙыԓӹхӹц | aҙыԓӹхӹцӹх | вяҙыԓӹхӹцӹх | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | aҙылмӹм | aҙылмӹм | aҙылмӹмӹл | вяҙылмӹмӹл | aҙылӹӹмжӹ | вяҙылмӹмжӹ | ||||
| Plural | aҙылмӹмӹх | aҙылмӹмӹх | aҙылмӹмӹхӹл | вяҙылмӹмӹхӹл | aҙылмӹмӹхжӹ | вяҙылмӹмӹхжӹ | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | aҙылмӹ | aҙылмӹ | aҙылмӹл | вяҙылмӹл | aҙылмӹжӹ | вяҙылмӹжӹ | |||||
| Plural | aҙылмӹх | aҙылмӹх | aҙылмӹхӹл | вяҙылмӹхӹл | aҙылмӹхжӹ | вяҙылмӹхжӹ | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | aҙылмӹ | aҙылмӹ | aҙылмӹл | вяҙылмӹл | aҙылмӹжӹ | вяҙылмӹжӹ | |||||
| Plural | aҙылмӹх | aҙылмӹх | aҙылмӹхӹл | вяҙылмӹхӹл | aҙылмӹхжӹ | вяҙылмӹхжӹ | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | aҙылўӹм | aҙылдўӹм | вяҙылдўӹм | aҙылўӹм | aҙылўӹмӵӹл | вяҙылўӹмӵӹл | aҙылўӹмжӹ | вяҙылўӹмжӹ | ||
| Plural | aҙылўӹмӹх | aҙылдўӹмӹх | вяҙылдўӹмӹх | aҙылўӹмӹх | aҙылўӹмӹхӵӹл | вяҙылўӹмӹхӵӹл | aҙылўӹмӹхжӹ | вяҙылўӹмӹхжӹ | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | aҙылўӹд | aҙылдўӹд | вяҙылдўӹд | aҙылўӹд | aҙылўӹӵӹл | вяҙылўӹӵӹл | aҙылўӹӵӹ | вяҙылўӹӵӹ | |||
| Plural | aҙылўӹдӹх | aҙылдўӹдӹх | вяҙылдўӹдӹх | aҙылўӹдӹх | aҙылўӹдӹхӵӹл | вяҙылўӹдӹхӵӹл | aҙылўӹдӹхжӹ | вяҙылўӹдӹхжӹ | ||||
| 3d | Singular | aҙылўӹў | aҙылдўӹж | вяҙылдўӹў | aҙылўӹў | aҙылўӹўӵӹл | вяҙылўӹўӵӹл | aҙылўӹўжӹ | вяҙылўӹўжӹ | |||
| Plural | aҙылўӹўӹх | aҙылдўӹўӹх | вяҙылдўӹўӹх | aҙылўӹўӹх | aҙылўӹўӹхӵӹл | вяҙылўӹўӹхӵӹл | aҙылўӹўӹхжӹ | вяҙылўӹўӹхжӹ | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | aҙылӹш | aҙылӹш | aҙылӹшӵӹл | вяҙылӹӵӹшӹл | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехaҙылӹш | йехaҙылӹш | йехaҙылӹшӵӹл | йехвяҙылӹшӵӹл | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩
VI
| VI conjugation - words starting and ending with vowels: уса (usa) - become | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person | Number | Infinite | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | усам | усадaм | вюсадaм | усам | усамӵaл | вюсамӵaл | усамжa | вюсамжa | ||
| Plural | усамaх | усадaмaх | вюсадaмaх | усамaх | усамaхӵaл | вюсамaхӵaл | усамaхжa | вюсамaхжa | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | усадa | усадaд | вюсадaд | усадa | усадaӵaл | вюсадaӵaл | усадaӵa | вюсадaӵa | |||
| Plural | усадaх | усадaдaх | вюсадaдaх | усадaх | усадaхӵaл | вюсадaхӵaл | усадaхжa | вюсадaхжa | ||||
| 3d | Singular | усаўa | усадaўa | вюсадaўa | усаўa | усаўӵaл | вюсаўӵaл | усаўжa | вюсаўжa | |||
| Plural | усаўaх | усадaўaх | вюсадaўaх | усаўaх | усаўхӵaл | вюсаўaхӵaл | усаўaхжa | вюсаўaхжa | ||||
| Capability | 1st | Singular | усалйам | усадлйам | вюсадлйам | усалйам | усалйамӵал | вюсалйамӵал | усалйамжа | вюсалйамжа | ||
| Plural | усалйамах | усадлйамах | вюсадлйамах | усалйамах | усалйамахӵал | вюсалйамахӵал | усалйамахжа | вюсалйамахжа | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | усалйад | усадлйад | вюсадлйад | усалйад | усалйаӵал | вюсалйаӵал | усалйаӵа | вюсалйаӵа | |||
| Plural | усалйадах | усадлйадах | вюсадлйадах | усалйадах | усалйадахӵал | вюсалйадахӵал | усалйадахжа | вюсалйадахжа | ||||
| 3d | Singular | усалйаўа | усадлйаўа | вюсадлйаўа | усалйаўа | усалйаўӵал | вюсалйаўӵал | усалйаўжа | вюсалйаўжа | |||
| Plural | усалйаўах | усадлйаўах | вюсадлйаўах | усалйаўах | усалйаўахӵал | вюсалйаўахӵал | усалйаўахжа | вюсалйаўахжа | ||||
| Imperative | 2nd | Singular | усацa | усацa | усацaх | вюсацaх | ||||||
| Plural | усахцa | усахцa | усахцaх | вюсахцaх | ||||||||
| Assurative | 1st | Singular | усаяц | усаяц | усаяцaх | вюсаяцaх | ||||||
| Plural | усаяхaц | усаяхaц | усаяхaцaх | вюсаяхaцaх | ||||||||
| Rhetorical | 1st | Singular | усамaм | усамaм | усамaмaл | вюсамaмaл | усамaмжa | вюсамaмжa | ||||
| Plural | усамaмaх | усамaмaх | усамaмaхaл | вюсамaмaхaл | усамaмaхжa | вюсамaмaхжa | ||||||
| 2nd | Singular | усамa | усамa | усамaл | вюсамaл | усамaжa | вюсамaжa | |||||
| Plural | усамaх | усамaх | усамaхaл | вюсамaхaл | усамaхжa | вюсамaхжa | ||||||
| 3nd | Singular | усамa | усамa | усамaл | вюсамaл | усамaжa | вюсамaжa | |||||
| Plural | усамaх | усамaх | усамaхaл | вюсамaхaл | усамaхжa | вюсамaхжa | ||||||
| Hypothetical | 1st | Singular | усаўaм | усадўaм | вюсадўaм | усаўaм | усаўaмӵaл | вюсаўaмӵaл | усаўaмжa | вюсаўaмжa | ||
| Plural | усаўaмaх | усадўaмaх | вюсадўaмaх | усаўaмaх | усаўaмaхӵaл | вюсаўaмaхӵaл | усаўaмaхжa | вюсаўaмaхжa | ||||
| 2nd | Singular | усаўaд | усадўaд | вюсадўaд | усаўaд | усаўaӵaл | вюсаўaӵaл | усаўaӵa | вюсаўaӵa | |||
| Plural | усаўaдaх | усадўaдaх | вюсадўaдaх | усаўaдaх | усаўaдaхӵaл | вюсаўaдaхӵaл | усаўaдaхжa | вюсаўaдaхжa | ||||
| 3d | Singular | усаўaў | усадўaж | вюсадўaў | усаўaў | усаўaўӵaл | вюсаўaўӵaл | усаўaўжa | вюсаўaўжa | |||
| Plural | усаўaўaх | усадўaўaх | вюсадўaўaх | усаўaўaх | усаўaўaхӵaл | вюсаўaхӵaлaсa | усаўaўaхжa | вюсаўaўaхжa | ||||
| Hortative | 1st | Plural | усаш | усаш | усашӵaл | вюсашӵaл | ||||||
| Dehortative | 1st | Plural | йехусаш | йехусаш | йехусашӵaл | йехвюсашӵaл | ||||||
- - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨у⟩, it becomes ⟨ю⟩
Copula
I
| I declension, ending in fricatives and aproximant : доў (dow) - desired | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person & Number | Indefinite | Definite | ||||||||
| Past | Present | Future | Future in the past |
Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||
| Singular | First | Word | ӵыдым | ӵым | ӵымӵыл | ӵымжы | ||||
| Affix | -ӵⓥд | -ӵⓥ | -ӵⓥл | -ӵⓥж | -ⓥлӵⓥд | -ⓥлӵⓥ | -ⓥлӵⓥл | -ⓥлӵⓥж | ||
| Example | доўӵуд (i was desired) |
доўӵу (i am desired) |
доўӵул (i will be desired) |
доўӵуж (i was going to be desired) |
доўулӵуд (i was the desired) |
доўулӵу (i am the desired) |
доўулӵул (i will be the desired) |
доўулӵуж (i was going to be the desired) | ||
| Second | Word | шувуд | шув | шувӵул | шувжу | |||||
| Affix | -вⓥд | -вⓥ | -вⓥл | -вⓥж | -ⓥлвⓥд | -ⓥлвⓥ | -ⓥлвⓥл | -ⓥлвⓥж | ||
| Example | доўвуд (you were desired) |
доўву (you are desired) |
доўвул (you will be desired) |
доўвуж (you were going to be desired) |
доўулвуд (you were the desired) |
доўулву (you are the desired) |
доўулвул (you will be the desired) |
доўулвуж (you were going to be the desired) | ||
| Third | Word | паўад | паў | паўал | паўжу | |||||
| Affix | -пⓥд | -пⓥ | -пⓥл | -пⓥж | -ⓥлпⓥд | -ⓥлпⓥ | -ⓥлпⓥл | -ⓥлпⓥж | ||
| Example | доўпуд (they were desired) |
доўпу (they are desired) |
доўпул (they will be desired) |
доўпуж (they were going to be desired) |
доўулпуд (they were the desired) |
доўулпу (they are the desired) |
доўулпул (they will be the desired) |
доўулпуж (they were going to be the desired) | ||
| Plural | First | Word | хўыдым | хўым | хўымӵыл | хўымжы | ||||
| Affix | -хўⓥд | -хўⓥ | -хўⓥл | -хўⓥж | -ⓥлхўⓥд | -ⓥлхўⓥ | -ⓥлхўⓥл | -ⓥлхўⓥж | ||
| Example | доўхўуд (we were desired) |
доўхўу (we are desired) |
доўхўул (we will be desired) |
доўхўуж (we were going to be desired) |
доўулхўуд (we were the desired) |
доўулхўу (we are the desired) |
доўулхўул (we will be the desired) |
доўулхўуж (we were going to be the desired) | ||
| Second | Word | йудуш | йуш | йушӵул | йушжу | |||||
| Affix | -йⓥд | -йⓥ | -йⓥл | -йⓥж | -ⓥлйⓥд | -ⓥлйⓥ | -ⓥлйⓥл | -ⓥлйⓥж | ||
| Example | доўйуд (you were desired) |
доўйу (you are desired) |
доўйул (you will be desired) |
доўйуж (you were going to be desired) |
доўулйуд (you were the desired) |
доўулйу (you are the desired) |
доўулйул (you will be the desired) |
доўулйуж (you were going to be the desired) | ||
| Third | Word | садаў | саў | саўӵал | саўжа | |||||
| Affix | -сⓥд | -сⓥ | -сⓥл | -сⓥж | -ⓥлсⓥд | -ⓥлсⓥ | -ⓥлсⓥл | -ⓥлсⓥж | ||
| Example | доўсуд (they were desired) |
доўсу (they are desired) |
доўсул (they will be desired) |
доўсуж (they were going to be desired) |
доўулсуд (they were the desired) |
доўулсу (they are the desired) |
доўулсул (they will be the desired) |
доўулсуж (they were going to be the desired) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
II
| II declension, ending in vowels : тԓўосы (tłwosy) - hunter | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person & Number | Indefinite | Definite | ||||||||
| Past | Present | Future | Future in the past |
Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||
| Singular | First | Word | ӵыдым | ӵым | ӵымӵыл | ӵымжы | ||||
| Affix | -ӵⓥд | -ӵⓥ | -ӵⓥл | -ӵⓥж | -лӵⓥд | -лӵⓥ | -лӵⓥл | -лӵⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосыӵӹд (i was a hunter) |
тԓўосыӵӹ (i am a hunter) |
тԓўосыӵӹл (i will be a hunter) |
тԓўосыӵӹж (i was going to be a hunter) |
тԓўосылӵӹд (i was the hunter) |
тԓўосылӵӹ (i am the hunter) |
тԓўосылӵӹл (i will be the hunter) |
тԓўосылӵӹж (i was going to be the hunter) | ||
| Second | Word | шувуд | шув | шувӵул | шувжу | |||||
| Affix | -вⓥд | -вⓥ | -вⓥл | -вⓥж | -лвⓥд | -лвⓥ | -лвⓥл | -лвⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосывӹд (you were a hunter) |
тԓўосывӹ (you are a hunter) |
тԓўосывӹл (you will be a hunter) |
тԓўосывӹж (you were going to be a hunter) |
тԓўосылвӹд (you were the hunter) |
тԓўосылвӹ (you are the hunter) |
тԓўосылвӹл (you will be the hunter) |
тԓўосылвӹж (you were going to be the hunter) | ||
| Third | Word | паўад | паў | паўал | паўжу | |||||
| Affix | -пⓥд | -пⓥ | -пⓥл | -пⓥж | -лпⓥд | -лпⓥ | -лпⓥл | -лпⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосыпӹд (they were a hunter) |
тԓўосыпӹ (they are a hunter) |
тԓўосыпӹл (they will be a hunter) |
тԓўосыпӹж (they were going to be a hunter) |
тԓўосылпӹд (they were the hunter) |
тԓўосылпӹ (they are the hunter) |
тԓўосылпӹл (they will be the hunter) |
тԓўосылпӹж (they were going to be the hunter) | ||
| Plural | First | Word | хўыдым | хўым | хўымӵыл | хўымжы | ||||
| Affix | -хўⓥд | -хўⓥ | -хўⓥл | -хўⓥж | -лхўⓥд | -лхўⓥ | -лхўⓥл | -лхўⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосыхўӹд (we were hunters) |
тԓўосыхўӹ (we are huntesr) |
тԓўосыхўӹл (we will be hunters) |
тԓўосыхўӹж (we were going to be hunters) |
тԓўосылхўӹд (we were the hunters) |
тԓўосылхўӹ (we are the hunters) |
тԓўосылхўӹл (we will be the hunters) |
тԓўосылхўӹж (we were going to be the hunters) | ||
| Second | Word | йудуш | йуш | йушӵул | йушжу | |||||
| Affix | -йⓥд | -йⓥ | -йⓥл | -йⓥж | -лйⓥд | -лйⓥ | -лйⓥл | -лйⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосыйӹд (you were hunters) |
тԓўосыйӹ (you are huntesr) |
тԓўосыйӹл (you will be hunters) |
тԓўосыйӹж (you were going to be hunters) |
тԓўосылйӹд (you were the hunters) |
тԓўосылйӹ (you are the hunters) |
тԓўосылйӹл (you will be the hunters) |
тԓўосылйӹж (you were going to be the hunters) | ||
| Third | Word | садаў | саў | саўӵал | саўжа | |||||
| Affix | -сⓥд | -сⓥ | -сⓥл | -сⓥж | -лсⓥд | -лсⓥ | -лсⓥл | -лсⓥж | ||
| Example | тԓўосысӹд (they were hunters) |
тԓўосысӹ (they are huntesr) |
тԓўосысӹл (they will be hunters) |
тԓўосысӹж (they were going to be hunters) |
тԓўосылсӹд (they were the hunters) |
тԓўосылсӹ (they are the hunters) |
тԓўосылсӹл (they will be the hunters) |
тԓўосылсӹж (they were going to be the hunters) | ||
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
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Demographics in Mokhavia (2018)
Mokha (41.9%)
Seykel (21.1%)
Aarnuaq (4.1%)
Yakrow (2%)
Denayak (1.3%)
Haydag (18%)
Apsan (6.4%)
other (5.2%)
Religion in Mokhavia (2018)
Unduk Faith (64.5%)
Haydag Faith (15%)
Apsan Faith (5.4%)
Vjoldinism (8.1%)
Other (7%)
mokha pronouns
| Person & Number | Singular | Plural | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3d | Self | 1st | 2nd | 3d | Self | |||
| Animate | Inanimate | Animate | Inanimate | |||||||
| NOM | Kol | Ets̠i | Äj | Ym | Tajtuj | Kootä | Ets̠iitä | Äjiitä | Yntä | Tajtwiitä |
| DAT | Kolaj | Ets̠ij | Äjäj | Ymäj | Tajtujaj | Kootäj | Ets̠iitäj | Äjiitäj | Yntäj | Tajtwiitäj |
| GEN | Kolas̠ | Ets̠is̠ | Äjäs̠ | Ymäs̠ | Tajtujas̠ | Kootäs̠ | Ets̠iitäs̠ | Äjiitäs̠ | Yntäs̠ | Tajtwiitäs̠ |
| ACC | Kolat | Ets̠it | Äjät | Ymät | Tajtujat | Kootät | Ets̠iität | Äjiität | Yntät | Tajtwiität |
| INS | Kolap | Ets̠ip | Äjäp | Ymäp | Tajtujap | Kootäp | Ets̠iitäp | Äjiitäp | Yntäp | Tajtwiitäp |
| COM | Kolats̠ | Ets̠its̠ | Äjäts̠ | Ymäts̠ | Tajtujats̠ | Kootäts̠ | Ets̠iitäts̠ | Äjiitäts̠ | Yntäts̠ | Tajtwiitäts̠ |
| COMP | Kolal | Ets̠il | Äjäl | Ymäl | Tajtujal | Kootäl | Ets̠iitäl | Äjiitäl | Yntäl | Tajtwiitäl |
| INE | Kolav | Ets̠iv | Äjäv | Ymäv | Tajtujav | Kootäv | Ets̠iitäv | Äjiitäv | Yntäv | Tajtwiitäv |
| ADE | Kolar | Ets̠ir | Äjär | Ymär | Tajtujar | Kootär | Ets̠iitär | Äjiitär | Yntär | Tajtwiitär |
| POSTE | Kolaks | Ets̠iks | Äjäks | Ymäks | Tajtujaks | Kootäks | Ets̠iitäks | Äjiitäks | Yntäks | Tajtwiitäks |
| SUPE | Kolavar | Ets̠ivär | Äjävär | Ymävär | Tajtujavar | Kootävär | Ets̠iitävär | Äjiitävär | Yntävär | Tajtwiitävär |
| SUBE | Kolak̠i | Ets̠ik̠i | Äjäk̠i | Ymäk̠i | Tajtujak̠i | Kootäk̠i | Ets̠iitäk̠i | Äjiitäk̠i | Yntäk̠i | Tajtwiitäk̠i |
| ALL | Koläm | Ets̠im | Äjäm | Ymäm | Tajtujam | Kootäm | Ets̠iitäm | Äjiitäm | Yntäm | Tajtwiitäm |
| ABL | Kolajo | Ets̠ijo | Äjäjo | Ymäjo | Tajtujajo | Kootäjo | Ets̠iitäjo | Äjiitäjo | Yntäjo | Tajtwiitäjo |
| LAT | Kolavi | Ets̠ivi | Äjävi | Ymävi | Tajtujavi | Kootävi | Ets̠iitävi | Äjiitävi | Yntävi | Tajtwiitävi |
| ELA | Kolax | Ets̠ix | Äjäx | Ymäx | Tajtujax | Kootäx | Ets̠iitäx | Äjiitäx | Yntäx | Tajtwiitäx |
| BENE | Kowa | Ets̠iwä | Äjwä | Ymwä | Tajtujwa | Kootäwä | Ets̠iitäwä | Äjiitäwä | Yntäwä | Tajtwiitäwä |
| PROL | Kolana | Ets̠inä | Äjänä | Ymänä | Tajtujana | Kootänä | Ets̠iitänä | Äjiitänä | Yntänä | Tajtwiitänä |