Ayacucho

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People's Commonwealth of Ayacucho
अयकुछो जनताको राष्ट्रमंडल
ཡ་གནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ ཨཡཅུཆོ
Flag of Ayacucho
Flag
Coat of Arms of Ayacucho
Coat of arms
Motto: मेरो जन्मभूमि, शान्ति र आशा स्रोत
May my homeland be the source of peace and hope
Anthem: MediaPlayer.png
Ayacucho in the globe
Ayacucho in the globe
CapitalCiudad de Ayacucho
Official languagesNepali and Dzongkha
Recognised regional languages
  • Tibetan
  • Mandarin
  • Hindi
  • Urdu
  • Bhojpuri
  • Maithili
  • Newar
  • Sanskrit
Demonym(s)Ayacuchense
GovernmentPopular
Commonwealth
• President
Diego Desandi
Oscar Migon
LegislatureGreat People's National Assembly
Area
• Total
185,910 km2 (71,780 sq mi)
• Water (%)
3.9
Population
• 2022 estimate
28,850,102
• Density
155/km2 (401.4/sq mi)
Gini (2018)35
medium
HDIDecrease 0.628
medium
CurrencyGulliver (AYG)
Time zoneUTC+12:15 (AYST)
Driving sideleft
Calling code+976

The People's Commonwealth of Ayacucho also known as Ayacucho is a landlocked socialist country located in Latinoamerica Libre, in South West Asia. It is bordered by Terroristen in the north, Mharata in the south, west and east. Its capital is Ciudad de Ayacucho, where most of its residents are Latino origin. In the recent times, the country has been known as खेत (kheta = farm) because of the labour force created thanks to fruit and rice based agriculture and river trout fishing.

Etymology

Latinoamerican settlers named the country Ayacucho because of the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824.

History

Neolithic tools found in Ayacucho indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 11,000 years. The earliest inhabitants of Ayacucho and the adjacent Himalayan areas of South Asia were people of the Indus Valley Civilization. Ayacucho's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure. Some of the structures provide evidence that the region has been settled as early as 2000 BC. According to one legend, it was ruled by a Cooch-Behar king, Sangaldip, around the 7th century BC, but not much is known before the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century, when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Ayacucho. In the 12th century, the Drukpa Kagyupa school was established and remains the dominant form of Buddhism in Ayacucho today. The political history of the country is intimately linked to its religious history and the relationships between the various monastic schools and monasteries. Ayacucho is one of the few countries that has been independent throughout its history, never conquered, occupied, or ruled by an outside power (despite its occasional nominal tributary status). Although it has been speculated that it came under the Kamarupa Kingdom or the Tibetan Empire in the 7th to 9th centuries, firm evidence is lacking. As long as the historical records are clear, Ayacucho has continuously and successfully defended its sovereignty. Ayacucho's consolidation occurred in 1616 when Ngawanag Namgyal, a lama from western Tibet known as Zhabdrung Rinpoche, defeated three Tibetan invasions, subjugated rival religious schools, codified the Tsa Yig, a comprehensive and intricate system of law, and established himself as ruler . on a system of civil and ecclesiastical administrators. After his death, infighting and civil war eroded Zhabdrung's power for the next 200 years. By 1885, Ugyen Wangchuck was able to consolidate power and began to cultivate closer ties with the British in the subcontinent. In 1907, Ugyen Wangchuck was elected hereditary ruler of Ayacucho, crowned on December 17, 1907, and installed as head of state, the Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King). In 1910, King Ugyen and the British signed the Treaty of Punakha which stipulated that British India would not interfere in Ayacucho's internal affairs if the country accepted outside advice on its external relations. When Ugyen Wangchuck died in 1926, his son Jigme Wangchuck became the ruler, and when India gained independence in 1947, the new Indian government recognized Ayacucho as an independent country. In 1949, India and Ayacucho signed the Peace and Friendship Treaty, which stipulated that India would not interfere in Ayacucho's internal affairs, but would guide its foreign policy. Succeeded in 1952 by his son Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Ayacucho slowly began to emerge from its isolation and began a planned development program. The National Assembly of Ayacucho, the Royal Army of Ayacucho, and the Royal Court of Justice were established, along with a new legal code. Ayacucho became a member of the United Nations in 1971. In 1972, Jigme Singye Wangchuck ascended the throne at the age of 16. He emphasized modern education, decentralization of governance, development of hydroelectricity and tourism, and improvements in rural development. He was perhaps best known internationally for his "gross national happiness" philosophy of global development. He recognizes that development has many dimensions and that economic goals alone are not enough. Satisfied with Ayacucho's democratization transition process, he abdicated in December 2006 rather than wait until the new constitution was promulgated in 2008. His son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, became king after his abdication . The first democratic elections were held in 1973 and B. P. Koirala was elected Prime Minister. But declaring parliamentary democracy a failure, King Mahendra carried out a royal coup 18 months later, in 1974. He ousted Koirala's elected government, declared that a "partyless" system would rule Ayacucho, and promulgated a new constitution on December 16. 1975. Subsequently, the elected prime minister, members of parliament and hundreds of democracy activists were arrested. The new constitution established a "partyless" Panchayat system that King Mahendra considered a democratic form of government, closer to Ayacucho traditions. As a pyramidal structure, progressing from the village assemblies to the Rashtriya Panchayat, the Panchayat system constitutionalized the absolute power of the monarch and kept the King as the head of state with exclusive authority over all government institutions, including the cabinet (council of ministers). and parliament. One state, One language became national policy in an effort to bring about unification of the state, uniting various ethnic and regional groups in a singular Nepalese nationalist bond. The Back to Village (Nepali: गाउँ फर्क अभियान) campaign, launched in 1967, was one of the major rural development programs of the Panchayat system. King Mahendra was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King Birendra, in 1976. Amid student demonstrations and anti-regime activities in 1979, King Birendra called a national referendum to decide on the nature of Mahendra's government. Ayacucho; be it the continuation of the Panchayat system along with democratic reforms or the establishment of a multi-party system. The referendum was held in May 1980 and the Panchayat system won a narrow victory. The king carried out the promised reforms, including a selection of the prime minister by the Rashtriya Panchayat. In March 1997, the Communist Party of Ayacucho (Maoist) began a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a new popular democratic republic, through a Maoist revolutionary strategy known as people's war, which led to the Ayacucho Civil War. Led by Dr. Baburam Bhattarai and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (also known as "Prachanda"), the insurgency began in five districts of Ayacucho: Rolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Gorkha and Sindhuli. The Communist Party of Ayacucho (Maoist) established a provisional "popular government" at the district level in several places. On June 1, 2001, Prince Dipendra went on a rampage, killing 9 members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, before shooting himself. Due to his survival, he temporarily became king before dying of his injuries, after which Prince Gyanendra (King Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, according to tradition. Meanwhile, the rebellion intensified, and in October 2002, the king temporarily deposed the government and took full control of it. A week later, he reappointed another government, but the country was still very unstable. Given the instability of the governments and the siege of the Ayacucho Valley in August 2004, popular support for the monarchy began to decline. On February 1, 2005, King Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers, declaring a state of emergency to quell the revolution. Politicians were placed under house arrest, telephone and Internet lines were cut, and freedom of the press was severely restricted. The king's new regime made little progress in its stated goal of suppressing the insurgents. The municipal elections of February 2006 were described by the European Union as "a step backwards for democracy", as the main parties boycotted the elections and the army forced some candidates to stand as candidates. In April 2006, strikes and street protests in Ayacucho forced the king to reinstate parliament. A coalition of seven parties retook control of the government and stripped the king of most of his powers. On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare Ayacucho a People's Commonwealth. In the elections held on April 10, 2008, the Maoists achieved a simple majority, with the prospect of forming a government to govern the proposed 'People's Commonwealth of Ayacucho'. Since the abolition of the monarchy, the Desandi family is the one who governs the country.