Grischun
Republic of Grischun | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: Libertad, Pasch, Charezza Freedom, Peace, Love | |
Anthem: A Tgalaveina | |
 | |
| Capital | Chur |
| Largest | Zurich |
| Official languages | German French Italian |
| Recognised national languages | Romansh |
| Demonym(s) | Grisonian Bündner |
| Government | Confederal parliamentary directorial republic |
| Establishment | |
• Foundation date | August 1, 1291 |
• Peace of Westphalia | October 24, 1648 |
• Restoration | August 7, 1815 |
• Federal state | September 12, 1848 |
• Re-occupation by Folsens | 1914-1944 |
• Occupied by Lunderberg | 1944-1945 |
• Liberation by Zárate-Campana and Allies | December 31, 1945 |
| Currency | Graubünden Franc |
| Time zone | UTC+1 |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +433 |
Grischun-Graubünden officially the Republic of Grischun-Graubünden is a landlocked country located at the counfluence of Central, Western and Southern Europe. The country is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Chur.
Etymology
The German name Graubünden translates as the "Grey Leagues", referring to the country's origin in three local alliances, the Three Leagues. The country is called Grischun in Romansh, Grigioni in Italian, and Grisons in French; the area is known as Rhaetia in Latin. The Romansh language is also used by a small part of the population and some church records of the country will also be in the Romansh language. There are many dialects used as well.
The area of Graubünden was comprised of several different leagues. The first of these, the Gotteshausbund (League of God's House) was formed in 1367 to resist the power of the Bishopric of Chur and the Habsburgs. In 1471, the league allied with the Grauer Bund (Grey League) and the Zehngerichtenbund (League of the Ten Jurisdictions) to form the Freistaat der Drei Bünde (Three Leagues) which was the foundation of what would become the Republic of Graubünden. After 1499, the league separated itself from the Holy Roman Empire, and between 1524-1526 the alliance was strengthened through the Ilanz Articles. Among other things, these articles required the priests live in the parishes they served, and provided the parishes the right to choose their own priests. By the 17th century, the Three Leagues was the only territory in Europe where all decisions were made communally by referendum. This government structure remained in force until the 1798 French invasion, when the Three Leagues was absorbed into the Helvetia Republic. In 1803, the French reorganized the area as the Canton of Graubünden as part of the newly-restored Confederacy.