Esperantio
Esperantio Respubliko Esperantio Republic of Esperantio | |
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 Flag
 National Seal
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| Motto: "Espero, Libereco kaj Paco." "Hope, Freedom, and Peace." | |
| Anthem: "The Hope" La Espero  | |
 Map of Esperantio | |
| Capital and largest city | Haveno 22°10′N 108°18′W |
| Official languages | Esperanto |
| Recognised national languages | Hebrew English German Russian |
| Ethnic groups | 66.5% European 15.1% Jewish 10.2% Asian 8.2% Others |
| Demonym(s) | Esperantano |
| Government | Unitary Presidential Representative Democratic Republic |
• President | Martin Fresko |
• Assistant President | Sofia Pinto |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Altakomitato | |
| Liberkonsilio | |
| Formation | |
• National Foundation Day (legendary) | June 15, 1911 CE |
• Constitution | April 2, 1929 CE |
| Area | |
• Total | 22,916 km2 (8,848 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 3.39 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 1,421,500 |
• Density | 62/km2 (160.6/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $771.787 billion |
• Per capita | $41,266 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $58.659 billion |
• Per capita | $42,030 |
| Gini (2023) |  34.4medium |
| HDI (2023) | 0.888 very high |
| Currency | Dolaro ($) (ESO) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 / -7 |
| Date format | yyyy-mm-dd (CE−2022) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +909 |
| ISO 3166 code | ESO |
| Internet TLD | .ep |
Trachtenberg (Trachtsch: трахтэнбэрг, lit. 'a mountain of thoughts') is an island country in the eastern Central Ocean. It sits at the junction of the Central Ocean and the Sevevillian Sea in the northwestern Straits of Urilas, neighboring the Empire of Sevevill to the north, and the Federation of Urilas to the southwest. The area controlled by Trachtenberg consists of 5 islands with a combined area of 33,210 square kilometers. The main island of Trachtenberg, formerly known as the Jewish Eastern Overseas Trade Dependency until 1901, has an area of 33,200 square kilometers, with semi-forested mountain ranges dominating the southern two-thirds and semi-arid scrub in the northern third and coasts, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The capital is Trachtenberg, which, along with Austerlitz, forms the largest metropolitan area of the country. Other major cities include Berlitz, Milgrom, Spiro, Meyro, Mannheim, and Mankow. With 21.5 million inhabitants, Trachtenberg is among the most densely populated countries in the region.
Modern Trachtenberg was founded in 1833 by Isak ben Avraham as a trading post of the Jewish Eastern Company. In 1850, the colony was reorganized and came under the direct control of Sevevill as part of the Treaty of Straits. By the mid-19th century, large-scale Jewish immigration to northern Trachtenberg accelerated in response to the Trachtsch revolution, a national awakening among semi-nomadic Jewish tribes that espoused cultural unification and the establishment of a permanent pan-Jewish homeland. The Jewish population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the turn of the 20th century, a pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged, which was noted for indefatigable persistence that commanded the nation's sovereignty. On the 1st of September 1911, the nation declared its independence, forming the Land of Trachtenberg.
After early years of turbulence, the nation rapidly developed a dynamic and efficient economy characterized by high incomes and a stable middle class. Trachtenberg's quality university education and the presence of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for establishing the country's robust economic development. Despite limited natural resources, intensive land reclamation efforts in the agricultural and industrial sectors during the middle-half of the 20th century has made Trachtenberg largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from meat. Since 2000, Trachtenberg's diverse economy has evolved into a highly service-based market, with two-thirds of the country's gross national product based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. It is ranked highly in terms of political and civil liberties, education, health care and human development.
Trachtenberg is a pan-Jewish, liberal democracy with a semi-parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage. The president serves as head of government while the Komizon serves as the confidence chamber of the bicameral legislature. Trachtenberg is also the headquarters of Markion Energy Protocol (MEP) and a founding member of the Iron Alliance, as well as a frequent participant at many international conferences and events. The country is a regional power, and although it has traditionally maintained a non-aggressive method of foreign affairs, Trachtenberg consistently maintains a well-trained, rapidly mobilized active-duty military that encompasses sea, air, and land forces.
Geography
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Trachtenberg is the fifth largest island in the Straits of Urilas. It lies between latitudes 13° and 14°N, and longitudes 76° and 73°W. Sevevill (Newport Beach, Austaya) lies 30 kilometres (16 nautical miles) across the Trachtsch Channel to the north and northeast, and The Federation of Urilas (Buenaventura) 50 km (27 nmi) to the south. The main island, is 288 km (179 mi) long, constitutes around 97% of the nation's land area and is the 42nd-largest island in the world by land area.
Taxonomically, Trachtenberg exhibits diverse geography for a relatively small area. The main island comprises a tilted fault block, characterized by the contrast between the southern two-thirds, consisting mostly of five rugged mountain ranges running parallel to the south coast, and the flat to gently rolling plains of the northern third, where the majority of the population resides The most notable ranges of these mountains are the Massbach mountains in the southwest, the Pach Mountains in the centre, and the Horn mountains in the southeast, the latter containing Mount Horn, Trachtenberg's tallest mountain at 3,559 m. The tectonic boundary that formed these ranges remains active, and the island experiences many earthquakes yearly, although they are not usually destructive. The climate ranges from tropical in the south to subtropical in the north, and is governed by the Downward Still Monsoon. On average, two typhoons strike the main island each year. The heavily forested southern mountains provide a habitat for a diverse range of wildlife, while human land use in the northern and eastern lowlands is intensive.
Flora and Fauna
Before extensive human settlement, the vegetation in Trachtenberg ranged from tropical rainforest in the lowlands through temperate forests, boreal forest and alpine plants with increasing altitude. Most of the plains and low-lying hills of the east and north of the island have been cleared for agricultural use since the arrival of the jewish immigrants during the 18th and 19th century. However the mountain forests are very diverse, with several endemic species such as Giant cypress (Chamaecyparis tractsensis) and Trachtenberg fir (Abies menziesii), while the camphorwood tree (Cinnamomum camphora) was once also widespread at lower altitudes.
The terrain in Tractenberg is divided into two parts: the flat to gently rolling plains in the north and east, where 70% of the population lives, and the mostly rugged forest-covered mountains in the southern two-thirds. Prior to the country's industrialization, the mountainous areas held several endemic animal species and subspecies, such as the Nucky's pheasant (Lophura nuckii), Cerulean magpie (Pica caerulea), the Hoko deer (Cervus hokkon) and the Small landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou parvus). A few of these are now extinct, and many others have been designated endangered species. Thirteen national parks in Trachtenberg showcase the diverse terrain, flora and fauna of the archipelago. Baumgartner National Park on the southern tip of Trachtenberg contains uplifted coral reefs, moist tropical forest and marine ecosystems. Mankow National Park has alpine terrain, mountain ecology, forest types that vary with altitude, and remains of ancient road. Sheynland National Park has volcanic geology, hot springs, waterfalls, and forest. Karko National Park has marble canyon, cliff, and fold mountains. Eisenstadt Plateau National Park has alpine ecosystems, geological terrain, and valley streams.
Climate
Trachtenberg's climate varies from humid sub-tropical to tropical monsoon. The northern and north-eastern portions of the island have a monsoonal humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), characterised by long, hot and humid summers (but moderate compared to much of the rest of the island) and short, mild and dry winters. The southern coast is home to a tropical monsoon climate, with a wet season from May to October, a dry season from November to April, and consistently very warm to hot temperatures with high humidity. Unlike most tropical climates, however, the dry season is foggy rather than sunny, so that moisture availability during this period is greater than the low rainfall and warm temperatures would suggest.
The warmest month is July, with a 24-hour average of 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), and the coolest month is January, averaging 12.8 °C (55.0 °F); the annual mean is 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from 1.5 °C (35 °F) on 2 January 1999 to 39.2 °C (103 °F) on 31 July 2017. Spring, both by humidity and percentage of sunshine, is the dampest season but typhoons in late summer and early autumn can make the latter period wetter overall. Summer and autumn are marked by comparatively sunny conditions, while autumn is warm and dry. The annual rainfall is 1,550 millimeters on average. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 24% in March to 56% in July, the city receives 1,853 hours of bright sunshine annually. Frost occurs very rarely, and the last snowfall in non-mountainous areas took place in January 1921, when snow fell at Eisenstadt, and in the hills of the Mankow valley.
The change of altitude towards the Horn mountains creates an alpine climate in this region. Summers are cool, while winters can be cold with below freezing temperatures at night. It is common to see snow in the Horn range, Pach range and in the valleys in between the two ranges from December to April. Due to orographic effects, precipitation is much higher in the mountains of southern Trachtenberg than on the eastern coastal plain or northern cities. Pine, cedar and fir forests are found in the mountains. In January, the coastal regions average around 7–10 °C (45–50 °F) while the mountains average 6–8 °C (43–46 °F). Average annual precipitation is 1,400–2,000 millimetres (55–79 in).
Typhoons are most likely to strike between July and October, with on average about two direct hits per year. Intensive rain from typhoons often leads to disastrous mudslides.
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Geology
The island of Trachtenberg is active geologically, formed on a complex convergent boundary between the Caanarian Subplate of the Central Plate to the west and north, the Strait Plate on the north-east, the Meyer-Youens Plate on the east and south, and the Urilas Plate to the southwest. Subduction changes direction at Trachtenberg. The upper part of the crust on the island is primarily made up of a series of terranes, mostly old island arcs which have been forced together by the collision of the forerunners of the Central Plate and the Urilas Plate, which is moving to the northwest. These have been further uplifted as a result of the detachment of a portion of the Central Plate as it was subducted beneath remnants of the Urilas Sea Plate, a process which left the crust under Trachtenberg more buoyant.
South of Trachtenberg, the Meyer-Youens Plate is subducting under the Urilas Plate, forming the Krukhe Volcanic Arc. The east and south of the island are a complex system of belts formed by, and part of the zone of, active collision between the North Krukhe Trough portion of the Luzon Volcanic Arc and the Central Plate, where accreted portions of the Krukhe Arc and Krukhe forearc form the sourthern Coastal Range and parallel inland Mankow Longitudinal Valley of Trachtenberg respectively.
The major seismic faults in Trachtenberg correspond to the various suture zones between the various terranes. These faults have produced several major quakes throughout the history of the island, including the 1921 Mankow Valley earthquakes in the Mankow Valley and 1969 Berlitz earthquake on the Landsteiner Fault. The most lethal was the 2005 Urilas-Spiro earthquake shifting on a fault in the Spiro District. The seismic hazard map for Tarchtenberg by the TGS shows 7/10 of the island as the highest rating (most hazardous).
Natural Resources
Natural resources on the island includes small deposits of gold, copper, coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos. The island is 55% forest and woodland (mostly on the mountains) and 24% arable land (mostly on the plains), with 15% going to other purposes. 5% is permanent pasture and 1% is permanent crops.
Because of the intensive exploitation throughout Trachtenberg's pre-modern and modern history, the island's mineral resources (e.g. coal, gold, marble), as well as wild animal reserves (e.g. deer), have been virtually exhausted. Moreover, much of Trachtenberg's forestry resources, especially firs were harvested during early island development for the construction of housing and have only recovered slightly since then. To this day, forests do not contribute to significant timber production mainly because of concerns about production costs and environmental regulations.
Politics
Government
President since 2036
Lt. President since 2036
The politics of Trachtenberg take place in a framework of a unitary presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The political and administrative organization of Trachtenberg comprises the federal government, and all municipalities with a population greater than 25,000. Since the nation's founding, the apparatus of the state has been set on five fundamental principles: sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of human beings, the social values of labor and freedom of enterprise, and political pluralism.
The federal government exercises control over the central government and is divided into a classic tripartite of three independent branches: executive, legislative and judicial. Executive power is exercised by the President, advised by a cabinet. Legislative power is vested upon the National Congress, a two-chamber legislature comprising the Ludowyrot (Popular Panel) and the Komizon (Commission). Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Federal Court, the Superior Federal Court of Justice, and the Regional Federal Courts. The President is elected for a three-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second and third successive term. The current president is Ayn Strauss. The previous president, Ari Rappaport, replaced Zamir Kahn after his impeachment. The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government.
Trachtenberg has an unrestricted multiparty system with a large number of political parties. Some parties lack ideological consistency and it is common for komizoniks to switch parties, weakening electoral coalitions. At same time, the high number of political parties makes the Executive need to gather alliances of different political parties must piece together diverse and often ideologically incoherent coalitions to pass legislation (this is known as coalition presidentialism). For most of its democratic history, Trachtenberg has had a multi-party system complimented by proportional representation. Voting is compulsory for the literate between 18 and 70 years old and optional for illiterates and those over the age of 70. The country has more than 30 active political parties. Nine political parties are represented in Congress. It is common for politicians to switch parties, and thus the proportion of seats held by particular parties changes regularly. Almost all governmental and administrative functions are exercised by authorities and agencies affiliated to the Executive.
Parties and Elections
Elections in Trachtenberg are held for six functions of government: presidential elections (national), premiers (district-level), federal or district legislative members (local) and sheriffs (local). Apart from elections, referenda are also held occasionally.
Every Trachtsch citizen who has turned 18 has the right to vote and stand as a candidate at elections. Universal suffrage for both sexes has been applied throughout Trachtenberg since founding. In Trachtenberg, turnout rates of both local and general elections are high compared to many other countries, which usually stands higher than 70 percent. There are 300 members of the komizon who are elected for a four-year term by a party-list proportional representation system from 25 electoral districts. The Constitutional Court can strip the public financing of political parties that it deems anti-secular or having ties to terrorism, or ban their existence altogether. The electoral threshold for political parties at national level is seven percent of the votes. Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an alliance with other parties, in which it is sufficient that the total votes of the alliance passes 7%. Independent candidates are not subject to an electoral threshold.
After 1945, Trachtenberg operated under a multi-party system. On the right side of the Trachtsch political spectrum, parties like Blue Unity Party (BUP), Constitutional Union (CU), and People's Loyalist's (PL) once became the largest political party in Trachtenberg. Trachtsch right-wing parties are more likely to embrace principles of political ideologies such as conservatism, nationalism or state-secularism. On the left side of the spectrum, parties like Republican Populist Party (RPP), and the Industrial Coalition (DSP) once enjoyed the largest electoral success. Left-wing parties are more likely to embrace principles of socialism, multi-lingualism or religious legislation.
Economy
Economic Overview
Trachtenberg experienced healthy economic growth from 1929 to 2001 – averaging 5.4% annually. In 2001 increased pressure on the kublek, a year in which the economy contracted by 1.9%, led to a mild recession that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the government to increase borrowing to support social programs. President Efren Sokolov was forced to resign after his cabinet came under fire for its slow response to the economic troubles. Trachtenberg's economy started to recover in 2002, expanding 4.2–4.4% in 2002, thanks largely to strong exports. Growth (2.2%) was dampened by the softening of the global economy in 2003, but picked up in the subsequent years owing to strong growth in nearby Sevevill, a relatively weak kublek encouraging exports, and increased domestic spending as a result of several mega projects and financial incentives for small businesses.
Today, Trachtenberg has a dynamic, capitalist, export-driven economy with gradually decreasing state involvement in investment and foreign trade. The country has been expanding its presence in international financial and commodities markets, and is considered a key economic player in the Iron Alliance. Among its primary exports, pharmaceuticals represent the largest share, followed by medical devices, agrochemicals, rubber tires, and musical instruments. Trachtenberg has been the world's largest producer of automobile tires for over 100 years. Because of its conservative financial approach and its entrepreneurial strengths, Trachtenberg suffered little compared with many of its neighbours in the 2001 economic downturn that struck the region. Unlike its neighbours, the Trachtenberg economy is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses, rather than the large business groups. The regional economic downturn, however, combined with poor policy co-ordination by the new administration and rapidly increasing bad debts in the banking system, pushed Trachtenberg into a second recession in 2032, the first whole year of negative growth since 2001. Due to the relocation of many manufacturing and labour-intensive industries to cheaper labour markets, unemployment also reached a level not seen since the 1970s oil crisis. This became a major issue in the 2032 presidential election.
Real growth in GDP has averaged about 5 per cent during the past three decades. Exports have provided the primary impetus for industrialization. The trade surplus is modest, and foreign reserves are the world's twenty-ninth largest. The official currency of Trachtenberg is the Kublek. Trachtenberg's total trade in 2008 reached an all-time high of 526.04 billion marks, according to Trachtenberg's Ministry of Finance. Both exports and imports for the year reached record levels, totaling 274.64 billion and 251.4 billion, respectively.
Debt Crisis (2032-2035)
From 2020 to 2031, Trachtenberg's economy grew at an average of over 5% per year, the third highest economic growth rate in the Region at the time. Inflation was kept reasonably low within a range of 3.4–5.7%. The kublek was pegged at 2 to the Markish Mark. Even until the eve of the regional equity crisis of 2030–2032, it featured high rates of growth, which, however, were coupled with high structural deficits, thus maintaining a (roughly unchanged throughout this period) public debt to GDP ratio of just over 100%. The crisis in Trachtenberg was triggered by the turmoil of the 2035 recession, which led the budget deficits of several nearby nations to reach or exceed 10% of GDP. In Trachtenberg's case, the high budget deficit (which, after several corrections and revisions, was revealed to have been allowed to reach 12.2% and 17.1% of GDP in 2032 and 2033, respectively) was coupled with a high public debt to GDP ratio (relatively stable, at just over 100% until 2032 - as calculated after all corrections). Thus, the country appeared to lose control of its public debt to GDP ratio, which already reached 127% of GDP in 2033.
On 14 and 15 May 2034, the Trachtsch kublek was hit by massive speculative attacks. On 30 June 2034, President Zamir Kahn said that he would not devalue the kublek. However, Trachtenberg lacked the foreign reserves to support the Mark-Kublek currency peg, and the Trachtsch government was eventually forced to float the Kublek, on 2 July 2034, allowing the value of the Kublek to be set by the currency market. This caused a chain reaction of events, eventually culminating into a region-wide crisis.
Trachtenberg's booming economy came to a halt amid massive layoffs in finance, real estate, and construction that resulted in huge numbers of over-leveraged workers losing their homes and 600,000 citizens with dual Arcadian-Trachtsch citizenship emigrating to Arcadia. The kublek devalued swiftly and lost more than half of its value. The kublek reached its lowest point of 11 units to the mark in January 2035. The Trachtsch stock market dropped 75%. AhaBank, the largest consumer and investment bank in Trachtenberg since 1929, collapsed.
To avert a sovereign default, Trachtenberg, the other Iron Alliance members, and the Markion Providence Fund agreed on a rescue package which involved giving Trachtenberg an immediate 45 billion marks in loans, with additional funds to follow, totaling M 130 billion. To secure the funding, Trachtenberg was required to adopt harsh austerity measures to bring its deficit under control. Poverty and inequality increased while employment, wages and social welfare all declined as a result of the crisis.
Following the 2035 Trachtenberg debt crisis, incomes decreased by 2 percent from 2035 to 2036. Nationwide poverty rose from 11 to 18.2 percent. Trachtenberg's Gini coefficient, a measure of income inequality, rose from 32.5 in 2035 to 34.4 in 2036. Today, Trachtenberg's economy is showing signs of recovery. The increasing tax revenues as per the conditions of Trachtenberg's bailout has allowed the country to balance its budget and start repaying its debts at a steady rate to the MPF. The Trachtsch kublek continued to appreciate to 4 kublek to the mark in October 2036.
Medical Devices & Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices account for a nearly 10% of the gross domestic product of Trachtenberg and contributes to 30% of the country's exports. Since 1930, Trachtenberg has developed a many-faceted medical manufacturing industry ranging from pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnostic imaging equipment, surgical instruments, implantable pacemakers, and hospital software. Trachtsch companies are widely regarded as world leaders in the research, testing, and implementation of high quality medicines and drugs. Since the mid-1980s the industry has been concentrating domestically on technologically sophisticated devices and drugs and new product development, while moving the manufacture of older and existing patents overseas where production costs are lower.
Trachtenberg's rise in medical manufacturing was largely attributed to HONESCO and Ershon Pharmaceuticals. HONESCO was founded 7 February 1935 and as of December 2035 its market capitalization equated to roughly 6% of Trachtenberg's GDP. It is the largest publicly held medical manufacturing company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2020. Monsanto was one of four companies to introduce genes into plants in 1979, and was among the first to conduct field trials of genetically modified crops in 1985. HONESCO's roles in agricultural changes, predatory pharmaceutical patents, lobbying of government agencies, and roots as a chemical company have resulted in controversies. The company once manufactured controversial products such as the insecticide Chlorophenothane, as well as Pyroclor, and Fruitone B. The company has also faced criticism over its former marketing of steroids for athletic performance enhancement, and its complicity in several environmental disasters.
Agriculture
Although only about one-quarter of Tractenberg's land area is suitable for farming, virtually all farmland is intensely cultivated, with some areas suitable for two and even three crops a year. However, increases in agricultural production have been much slower than industrial growth. The few natural resources with significant economic value remaining in Trachtenberg are essentially agriculture-associated. Sugarcane and tea have been cultivated in northern Trachtenberg since the 17th century. Camphor extraction and sugar refining played an important role in Trachtenberg's exports from the late 19th century through the third decade of the 20th century. The importance of these industries subsequently declined mainly due to the reduction of international demand rather than exhaustion of related natural resources
Trachtenberg's main crops are tea, sugar cane, fruits (many of them tropical), and vegetables.
Energy
For much of the 20th century, Trachtenberg was a world-leading country in nuclear energy, home of global energy giants Traktomics, and TNC Spiro: nuclear power now accounts for about 25% of the country's electricity production, down from 33% in 1990. Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities. Following the Stutchkoff River accident in 1994 and changing economics, many planned projects were cancelled. More than 10 orders for nuclear power reactors, many already under construction, were canceled in the 1990s and 2000s, bankrupting some companies. Up until 2025, there had also been no ground-breaking on new nuclear reactors at existing power plants since 1989. Then in 2025, the government approved construction of two new reactors to replace existing apparatus. Construction of the Tenenbaum-Iserbeck Nuclear Block Units 1 and 2 began on March 9, 2025, and was completed in 2034. In February 2035 the Trachstch government announced the "Energy Strategy 2100" with the aim to be fully independent of nuclear by 2100, and a new government repeated the goal in 2036 despite public scepticism. The Trachtenberg Renewables Directive set a mandatory target at 75% share of energy from renewable sources by 2050. In 2036 the Tractsch government adopted a plan to increase the share of electricity production from wind to 30% by 2040, and to 60% in 2050.
In 2036 electricity generated in Trachtenberg amounted to 183.1 TWh, of which:
64.3 TWh (35.1%) were produced by natural-gas power generation 53.6 TWh (29.3%) were produced by wind power generation 45.8 TWh (25.0%) were produced by nuclear power generation 7.1 TWh (3.9%) by hydroelectric power generation 7.0 TWh (3.8%) by coal power 3.3 TWh (1.8%) by other fossil fuel generation (fuel oil and gases by-products of industry such as blast furnace gases) 0.2 TWh (0.1%) were produced by other types of power generation (essentially waste-to-energy facilities)
The electricity produced by wind turbines increased from 6.9 TWh in 2010, to 21.4 TWh in 2020, and 53.6 TWh in 2036, but this still accounts only for 29.3% of the total production of electricity (as of 2036).
Demographics
Largest Cities
The figures below are the March 2022 estimates for the ten most populous municipalities; a different ranking exists when considering the total metropolitan area populations (in such rankings the Trachtenberg-Frankow metro area is by far the largest agglomeration). The figures reflect the number of household registrations in each city, which may differ from the number of actual residents.
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Languages
Trachtsch is the de facto national language of Trachtenberg. Yedeslavic is a recognised minority language in the area of the former South Yedeland Island (now part of the Berlitz District), which was an independent isle until 1948. Trachtsch belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages, but contains significant (upwards of 24%) borrowed vocabulary from various west slavic languages, due to historic ties to these regions. There is a limited degree of mutual intelligibility between Trachtsch and German, but not typically to a conversational extent. Trachtsch, from a vocabulary standpoint, is distantly related to Russian. Many words, especially related to law, science, and technology, are derived directly from early Russian lexicons.
A large majority (80%) of Trachtsch speak English as a second language, generally with a high level of proficiency. Markish is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 40% reporting a conversational level of proficiency. Trachtenberg had 750,900 native speakers of Markish in 2025.