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Catherinese Civil War
Allen's Charge, Battle of Moorehead Knobb, by Ernst Ericsson
Date 2 June 1857 – 13 April 1863 (5 years and 315 days) Location Catherinese Republic Result Republican Victory Abolition of slavery General Emancipation for all men Political centralization of the Federation
Belligerents
Catharinese Republic	Provinces in Rebellion (1857) Province of Forchele Province of Sorevy Province of Aberlough Province of Finwick Province of Wealdina Province of Willamette Province of Charlesland Commonwealth of Fremonte (1857-1863)
Commanders and leaders
John A. St. Ledger GenArm. James Abraham Sutton Lt. Gen. Slaughson Dashell Cole Adm. Louise T. Blaecwell	James Augustus Claiborne Gen. Fairclough Diezsler Houellebecq Lt. Gen. Penance Zyller MajGen. Alphonse Mackenzie Mallard
Strength
~1,100,000	~750,000
Casualties and losses
230,000 KIA	110,00 KIA
750,000

The Catharinese Civil War (June 2, 1857 – April 13, 1863) was a civil war in the Catharinese Republic between the Republican Government in the South, and several seceding Provinces who eventually coalesced into the Commonwealth of Fremonte. The conflict war born out of several socio-political issues which affected the Catharinese Republic, primarily the political disagreements between the National Whigs and Federalist over issues such as universal manhood suffrage, power of the federal government, and slavery. Industrialisation, New religious revivalism, and animosity towards Federalist political dominance were key social factors that contributed to the outbroak of hostilities. These political controversies led to the 1857 Catharinese Election in which Whig merchant and Governor of Stanporth Province John A. St. Ledger defeated the Federalist former Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces James Augustus Claiborne.

St. Ledger's platform of universal male suffrage and the promise to pass the Goodjohn-Littleman Compromise were seen as precursors to the eventual abolition of slavery. Coupled with a deep distrust of continued centralization of the military under Federal authority ultimately instigated the Electors Crisis, which saw several northern states, the traditional power base of the Federalist, move to disqualify elected Whigs officials at the state and federal level. Purging of electoral rolls, and the refusal to send national assembly delegations to Ithome, thus forcing the Assembly out of quorum. Efforts by St. Ledger and the National Whigs to establish order were met with resistance, with the Fort Massen Revolt occurring after attempts by the Federal Army to force the local militia garrison into rank were resisted by forces commanded by Sullivan G. Caunteton. Army forces led by General James Abraham Sutton were sent to quell the rebellion but met armed resistance, considered the first shots of the civil war. shortly after the Provinces of Forchele, Sorevy, Aberlough, Finwick, Wealdina, Willamette, and Charlesland would issue declarations of succession. Ultimately forming the Commonwealth of Fremonte months later in the city of Bexeter. The Commonwealth Council of State would elect Claiborne as President, with the commonwealth coming to control roughly 1/3rd of the nations population and roughly half of the nations total economic output by land usage.

The conflict was split between the Gulf Theater and the Intermountainous Theater (later becoming the Western Theater). Commonwealth forces under the command of Penance Zyller saw early success on in the Rum theater with victories at the battles of Mallory Ridge, Calderhead Field, and Beausire Bridge. While Republican forces saw initially success in the Intermountainous theater with the battles of Eglisebourg, Huxberg and Limby, and the Commonwealth Evacuation of the Shallows. Chancellor St. Ledger and members of the War Cabinet would put forth the New Federalist Model, which established the framework for the nation, ending slavery, proclaiming universial sufferage, establishing a new and equal judicial system, and a new political system meant to create a new an egalitarian democracy. This was made in opposition to the principles and political culture that had been dominate in the slave holding north. Conflcits between general Zyllar and President Claiborne resulted in Zyllers demotion and all commonwealth armies being reorganized and placed under the command of General Fairclough Diezsler Houellebecq, meanwhile the Gang of Eight, Comprising generals Sutton, Slaughson Dashell Cole, T.S. Faughy, and Peter Yokitch, Brevet Generals D.C Colquitt and Zebulon Dorsey, and Admirals Louis T. Blaecwell, and Brimage Prioleau would consolidate and form a unified command body within the newly established Continential Army. Cole's forces would establish the Western Theater and make headyway in deviding the Commonweath into two halves along the north-south Rail networks in the Black Prieries, while Suttons Tidewater Campaign would cut off most of the Commonwealth from important logistical and economic hubs along the coast of the Rum Gulf. This led to the Capture of Shannonsberg and the Siege of Orangeborough Bay. Coles forces would make connact with beleaguered forces along the Demontean Frontier after the Battle of Petersboro and would press towards Bexeter along the Bexeter-Holden Rail line. Suttons forces would approach from the south thus starting the Siege of Bexeter, after three months of fighting, General Houellebecq would surrender to Cole at the Sanford Army Barracks, two week later President Claiborne would formally surrender to General Sutton at Broken Hill.

While Claibornes surrender and Broken Hill is consitered the formal end of the war, and the news of his surrender led to many Commonwealth commanders surrendering to Republican forces, actions continued along the front for months after. It was not until 4 months later that the last remaining Commonwealth formation formally surrendered at Fort Lesueur. The New Federalist Model would be put into effect during the Era of Reconciliation which sought to rebuilt the north and gradually reincorperate it back into the Republic with a progression of military and then federally administered civilian governments working towards the goals of emancipation and abolition.

The war remain a prominant fixture in Catharinese political and historical discourse and has been one of the most intensly studied period of Catharinese History, it has been subject to conflicting historiographies, including the writings of revisionist historians like Robert G. Pulps and Henri Skaife which formed the basis for the Unwilling Revolution Myth. An early pregenotor to Industrial Warfare, the war saw the implamentation of several knew and novel techological developments, and is still the deadliest conflict in catharinese history by total number of casualties, while King Clements War remains the deadliest by precentage of population killed by war.