Standard Mandarin
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Standard Mandarin is a standardized version of the Mandarin language and serves as the official language of the Republic of China. The official guide on the language, Standard Mandarin Guide is published by the country's Ministry of Education and is the authoritative document on the language used for official testing and compulsory education.
History
Phonology
Initials
| Lenis | Asper | Nasal | Fricative | Approximant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | p | pʰ | m | f v | w |
| Coroneal | t | tʰ | n | ||
| Affricate | ts | tsʰ | s | ||
| Retroflex | ʈʂ | ʈʂʰ | ʂ | r l | |
| Palatal | tɕ | tɕʰ | ɕ | y | |
| Velar | k | kʰ | ŋ | x | (w) |
| Glottal | ʔ |