Überholung
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The Überholung (Reconditioning) was a period of political repression and mass killings carried out by the socialist revolutionary government after the climax of the August Revolution. It's form continued that of sporadic killings and repression conducted by Red Guards during the final phase of the Revolution. The KOMINSI (the Commissariat for National Security) carried out the repressions of the Überholung, albeit with the assistance of localised militias and the military. Estimates for the total number of people killed during the Überholung for the initial period of repression are at least 11,000. Estimates for the total number of victims of Socialist Workers repression vary widely. One source asserts that the total number of victims of repression and pacification campaigns could be 450,000, whereas another gives estimates of 2,000 executions per month from September 1918 to April 1918. The most reliable estimations for the total number of killings put the number at about 100,000, whereas others suggest a figure of 200,000. These numbers are however subject to further debate, over the inclusion of uprisings and rebellions by regions against the new socialist regime, including the Rebellion in Hvornum.