Cemromengo

Cemromengo is a country in Eastern Europe. Lying along the Black Sea between the Danube and Dniester rivers, this country borders Romania in the south, Moldova in the West, and Ukraine in the east. Formerly called Budjak, this country was controlled by Ottomans, Russians, and later Romanians. After World War II, it was decreed by Joseph Stalin to be a holding ground for Romani refugees until it was declared an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1950 under the Russian SSR. It was converted into a full Soviet Socialist Republic in 1954 as the Budjak-Romani Soviet Socialist Republic. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Romani republic is declared, and the official name of country The capital is Parnoporos.

Cemromengo has the lowest Human Development Index in the continent. Even so, the standard of living is comparable with other poorer Balkan and East European countries and is rising. The country is dominated by a service economy, and a huge share of its economy is buoyed by remittances and microfinancing. Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).

Etymology

Cem Romengo was the name proposed by Romani activist and immigrant Iulian Radulescu in 1989, meaning "Land of the Romani" in the Romani language. The word Rom meant "man or husband" in the Romani language. The name was chosen over "Romanistan" due to perceptions that the name would give a negative impression.

Formerly, the Roma were called Gypsies, due to perception that they originally are from Egypt. That word is now considered obsolete and defamatory.

Cemromengo before Romani Settlement

The territory now called Cemromengo was during the 7th and tenth centry, was under the influence of the Bulgarian Khanate and the First Bulgarian Kingdom, and in the 12th to 14th centuries, the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, under the Greek name Paralassia (Παραθαλασσια) -literally "Seaside". In Budjak, nomads generally dominated, except for short periods at the end of the 1st millennium, when the Bulgarians settled it. Pechenegs followed by the 1000s.

At the end of the 13th century , the first colonies of the Genoese were founded on the lower Dniester, and trade revived again. In the XIII-XIV centuries the Golden Horde built the a fortress in Bilhorod called Ak-Libo. In the last third of the XIV century, after the decline of the Golden Horde, the Bessarabian coast became part of the Moldavian Principality; the territory in turn was devastated by the Tatar invasions. On August 5, 1484, the Moldovan garrison of the Belgorod-Dniester fortress, after a long siege, was forced to surrender to the Ottoman troops, and the fortress was renamed Akkerman.

In 1503, Turkey annexed southern Bessarabia, called Budzhak, and fortification in Akkerman and Izmail were built. They became Turkish administrative units called raya. In 1538, a new raya was formed on the Bessarabian territory torn away from Moldova with the center in Bendery - Tigina . The Nogais settled in Budzhak, who created at the beginning of the XVII century an amorphous quasi-state entity - the Budzhak horde , subordinate to the Crimean Khanate , and raiding to adjacent territories. The capital of the Budzhak horde was the city of Kaushany, where the residence of the sultan (ruler) of the horde, which was appointed from the number of the Crimean Khan's house Girey, was located. Budzhak was part of the Ottoman Empire before the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812. In 1812 was annexed to Russia, following the results of the Bucharest peace Treaty. In the Russian Empire, the name Budzhak was used to describe the southern steppe part of the Bessarabian province, which in turn was part of the larger historical and ethnographic region of Novorossia.

The Budzhak Tatars, formed on the territory of Budzhak as a result of the mixing of several nomadic Turkic tribes, the main of which were Nogais, left these lands at the beginning of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, and resettled over the Danube controlled by the Ottomans. Their place was taken by Orthodox immigrants from Bulgaria (Bulgarians,Gagauz, Arnauts), as well as other regions of the Russian Empire ( Russians and Ukrainians). The Moldovan population became predominant in settlements along the Prut River from Cahul in the north to Reni in the south. The Romani population was said to be negligible, counted on the hundreds, and mostly they are transient.

After the Crimean War, under the Paris Peace Treaty of 1856, part of Budzhak was ceded by Russia to the Moldavian Principality. In 1878, according to the Berlin Treaty, Russia regained these lands, including it in the Bessarabian province. In 1918-1940, Budzhak was part of Romania, was annexed to the USSR in 1940, its northern (smaller) part became part of the Moldavian SSR, and the southern part ceded to the Ukrainian SSR.

Romani settlement

The Romani people's first appearance in Budzhak are in during the 1241 after the Mongolian invasion of Europe. However, there is very little Romani settlement for those who chose a sedentary way of life. Most Romani were enslaved during that period, a period that would end only in 1856. Most Romanis are of Indian origin.

Due to the scattered origin of the Romani, they were not politically organized until the early 20th century. They were subjected to pogroms and ethnic cleansing throughout Europe. In the 19th century, many of the Roma migrated to Poland and Russia where they are somewhat better tolerated.