Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası Кырым Совет Социалистик Республикасы Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika | |
|---|---|
| 1944–1991 | |
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: Arbeiter aller Länder: Vereinigt euch!(German), Workers of the world, unite! | |
| Anthem: State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| Status | Unrecognized Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-41, 1944–1991) |
| Capital | Bağcə-Sarâj (1941-64) Kuşamâdəni (1964-91) |
| Common languages | Crimean Russian |
| Government | Soviet Socialist Republic |
| First Secretary | |
• 1945-1967 | Emil Fayzullin |
• 1991 | Damir Mustafina |
| Legislature | Supreme Soviet |
| Historical era | Cold War |
| 16 June 1944 | |
• SSR established | 21 July 1944 |
• Annexed by USSR | 6 August 1945 |
| 16 March 1989 | |
• Renamed to Republic of Prussia | 8 May 1990 |
| 20 August 1991 | |
| Today part of | Crimea |
The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Crimean SSR or CSSR; Crimean: Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası QSSR; Russian: Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика КССР, Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika: KSSR) referred to as Crimea or Soviet Crimea was a republic of the Soviet Union.
The CSSR was initially established on the territory of the Crimean Democratic Republic on 21 July 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940, during the Red Coup, and the installation of an illegitimate communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Crimea a Soviet constituency. The Crimea SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Ukraine.
Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Crimea de jure. A number of countries continued to recognize Crimean diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Crimea remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91
Soviet rule came to the end during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first freely elected parliament of the Crimean SSR passed a declaration "On the Renewal of the Independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic" on 21 August 1990, restoring the official name of the State of Crimea as the Crimean Democratic Republic. The full independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic was restored on December 14, 1991, the second to last to declare independence. 12 days later, the Soviet Union cease to exist.
Creation, 1940
In S On September 24, 1939, the USSR entered the airspace of Estonia, flying numerous intelligence gathering operations. On September 25, Moscow demanded that Estonia sign a Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty that would allow the USSR to establish military bases and to station troops on its soil. Crimea was next in line, as the USSR demanded the signing of a similar treaty. The government of Mintimer Waxitov however refused, which resulted in a coup by pro-Soviet officers in the Crimean Army, led by General Möbin Zainullin. Shortly after taking power, he accepted the ultimatum, signing the Soviet–Crimean Mutual Assistance Treaty on October 5, 1939,
the USSR invaded the Baltic states. On 14 June 1940, an ultimatum was served to Crimea on the alleged grounds of abduction of Red Army troops. The ultimatum said Lithuania should remove officials that the USSR found unsuitable (the Minister of the Interior and the Head of the Security Department in particular), replace the government, and allow an unlimited number of Red Army troops to enter the country. The acceptance of the ultimatum would have meant the loss of sovereignty, but Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov declared to diplomat that, whatever the reply may be, "troops will enter Lithuania tomorrow nonetheless". The ultimatum was a violation of every prior agreement between Crimea and the USSR and of international law governing the relations of sovereign states.
Era of Waxitov, 1940–1959
2.1 The Horrible Year, 1940–41 2.1.1 June 14 deportations 2.2
World War II, 1941–1945
2.3 The Nazis planned to Germanise Crimea by settling some 520,000 German settlers there 20–25 years after the war.[15] In 1943 and 1944 two divisions of Latvian Legion were created through a forced mobilization and made a part of Waffen SS in order to help Germany against the Red Army.
Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953
During the course of the war, both occupying forces conscripted Latvians into their armies, in this way increasing the loss of the nation's "live resources". In Ukraine, Crimean Legion units fought battles against Crimeans of the Red Army. In total, Crimea lost some 20% of its population during World War II.
In 1944 the Soviets immediately began to reinstate the Soviet system. After re-establishing military control over the country, in February 1946, elections of the Soviet Union's Supreme Soviet were held, followed, in February 1947, by Crimean Supreme Soviet elections and only in January 1948 elections to the local Soviets. 2.3.1
Guerrilla movement
2.3.2
Deportations of 1949
2.3.3
Collectivization
2.3.4
Russian dominance
2.4
National communists, 1953–1959
3
Era of Nabiullin, 1959–1966
Eduard Nabiullin
Era of Fattakhov, 1966–1984
Ramil Fattakhov
Era of Bekbulatovich, 1984–1988
Biktimer Bekbulatovich
National reawakening, 1985–1990
6
Collapse, 1990–1991
7
Economy
The Soviet period saw rebuilding and increase of the industrial capacity, including the automobile (RAF) and electrotechnic (VEF) factories, food-processing industry, oil pipelines and the bulk-oil port Ventspils
Soviet army presence
9
International status
9.1
Soviet sources prior to Perestroika
9.2
Current position of the Russian government
10