Vor of Barrayar
The Vor class is the warrior aristocracy of Barrayar and the ruling class of the Empire. Within the Vor class, the High Vor - that is, the sixty county families - is the most economically and politically powerful social group. The nobility might be either inherited or conferred by the Emperor. Being Vor is an acknowledged pre-eminence that is hereditary, i.e. all legitimate, male-line descendants of Vor people are Vor. While Vor men are generally involved in military or government service, Vor women are traditionally responsible for running the estates and household.
Being Vor is a matter of pre-definite occupation rather than of hereditary aristocracy; a Vor is a Vor if his or her status is transferred by inheritance or is bestowed by the Emperor. It can be subdivided into two major classes: the High Vors and the other Vors. The highest among these classes, the High Vors, retains feudal rights and full political representation, while the other class has less (but still consistent) privileges. All High Vors are Tenants-in-Chief.
The Vor class has always been only one of several other classes (horizontal subdivisions) and castes (vertical subdivisions) on Barrayar, including teaching, science, farming and other ones. During earliest periods of Time of Isolation, however, the Vor warrior caste rose in prominence, making the warrior caste also an horizontal subdivision.
Counts and their heirs cannot be tried in standard courts: they can only be tried in the Council of Counts. However, they face tighter rules in their everyday lives. For instance, the charge of mutiny in the military becomes treason when applied to a Count or his heirs.
Even nowadays, in the Vors' worldsview, the military service within the Army (or the ground forces) is considered a somewhat more prestigious career than the Navy (or the spaceborne forces). There is a descending order of occupations which a Vor (a lesser Vor) or a son of an high officer could aspire to: military service within the Army (or the ground forces), the Navy (or the spaceborne forces), Law occupations, bureaucratic service and related politics, local politics, Farming and landowning, Medicine, Trade. However, a trade occupation is not considered as a dishonourable profession and Vor tradesmen or industrialists are respected.
Vor inheritance
During the Time of Isolation, the Vor class developed a formula that founded a hierarchy of what each boy was expected to do. Vor of Barrayar, although trace their origins to accountants and financial auditors, also have strong military and warrior roots: today the military service is seen as the ideal career for the sons of the Vor class, especially those who would not inherit their fathers' titles or estates.
The first son serves in the military and then inherits, the second serves in the military. Therefore, it kept the the military supporting the ruling families. The list uses to go: military service within the Army (or the ground forces), the Navy (or the spaceborne forces), Law occupations, bureaucratic service and related politics, local politics, Farming and landowning, Medicine, Trade. The modern Vors are way more open to trade.
Honour Above All
The Concept of Honour Above All is a concept-complex which rules most of Vors' life in terms of honour. The concept is primarily occupied with courtesy to the people around one. The Vor ideal is that their lives are made for sacrifice in defence of their people. It is to be made clear that Barrayaran Vors are only partially and secondarily bound to ideals of combat honour and of combat glory. Being a warrior caste, the ideal Vor is a warrior ready to fight dirty, endlessly and mercilessly, for whom nothing is more important than victory: a Vor cannot muster out. This merciless feature arose mainly during the First Cetagandan War, but it was well present also before the end of Time of Isolation.
Vor habitus are as follows:
- Loyalty: It is a practical utility in a warrior nobility;
- Forbearance: Vors' self-control towards other warriors and at the courts of their lords is a part of the Vor habitus. The nobility of mercy and forbearance was well established by the second half of the 2nd Century of Isolation.
- Hardihood: The quality of hardy aligns itself with forbearance and loyalty in being one of the military virtues. A mature warrior should have acquired hardiness and contempt of the worldly concerns as part of his moral virtues;
- Liberality: generosity is part of a Vor quantity. Largesse is not just a simple matter of giving away what he had, but it causes to a Vor to set no store on greed or gifts, and to have nothing but contempt for bribes (officially);
- Honour: honour is what is achieved by living up to the ideal of the Vor and pursuing the other qualities and behaviour. The loss of honour is an humiliation to a Vor's standing and is worse than death.
The principles of Honour and Loyalty may subsist even when the Vor is no more than an officer of the Emperor, as 31st Century Vors actually are; but Loyalty is vain and sterile, devoid of any light when it no longer refers, albeit mediately, to something beyond the human. This is precisely the meaning of the strife to honour of those Vors who feel the duty to preserve themselves.
Vor Oath
Most of the Vor have a high ideal of honour. The Speech is a form of sacred oath within Barrayaran aristocracy. It has legal value, and moral as well. In Barrayar the word is seen as breath and life, that is, albeit figuratively, contains the spirit of a person. The expression «My Word as Noble» is widely used to swear or promise something strongly.
The Vor, as well as the Officer, swears allegiance to the Emperor and the Empire to enter the Imperial Service, as well as Armsmen in each District swear lifelong fidelity to his master when entering their service. Swearing by the name of the House is an even more serious form.
Military ethos
From the earliest times, Barrayaran Vors subscribe, in their role as commanders and cavalrymen, to an ethos of personal heroism and glory. This is in part motivated by the desire to justify their privileged status to the lower classes that provided the infantry ranks, to enhance the renown of their family name, and to augment their chances of subsequent political advancement in a martial society. A focus of the heroic ethos is the quest for military spoils, the stripped weapons of a foe whom they killed in single combat: the higher the rank of the opponent killed in combat, the more prestigious the spoils.
Fortitude ethos
A strong ethos among the Vor class is to display fortitude in the face of adversity, as well as to exercise great self-restraint in the expression of emotion. This ethos derives from the warrior aptitude, which require a strong self-control and self-restraint and has originated the idiom "keep a stiff face". A sign of weakness is trembling of the face, hence the saying keep a stiff face. When a person's face begins to tremble, it is one of the first signs that the person is scared or shaken by experiencing deep emotion.
The phrase has long become symbolic of the Vor class, and particularly of those who are products of the preparatory military schools system. Such schools aim to instill a code of discipline and devotion to duty in their students.
Lesser Vor
In Barrayaran village life, there was often one principal family of lesser Vor gentry, owning much of the land and living in the largest and oldest house. The head of this nuclear family was often the seigneur of the home.
Lesser Vors are gentlemen with a their own coat of arms and are often of the same families of High Vors. Many are settled in their inherited estates and family seats for hundreds of years, if in the Northern Continent. The typical Lesser Vor is distinctively rural and usually lives at the village manor house and owns an estate; if the estate comprises the village, villagers are his tenants; back in the Time of Isolation, this produced some legal effects, while nowadays almost only the lease contract produces binding effects beyond a general and informal (but very real) prominence. With large numbers of indoor and outdoor staff, country houses are important as places of employment for many rural communities. In turn, the estates, of which country houses were the hub, provided their owners with incomes. Some rural Vors also perform a number of important local duties, in particular that of justice of the peace or member of the local (or District) assembly and sometimes even as Representative of the Little People, if not residing in the Northern Continent. Frequently, the formal business of the village and of the nearby area is transacted in these country houses.
Such rural lesser Vors are upper class, and not middle class as most of urban lesser Vors; those of a rural lesser Vor is quite a highly prestigious status. As for all Vors and several aspects of the Barrayaran society, a particular prestige is attached to those who inherited landed estates over a number of generations. The position of the rural Lesser Vors is traditionally associated with occupation of the manor house. This position also enables the village Vor to control the local life, or even to abuse some local services (especially if he is a member of the local ruling extended Vor family).
From an honorific point of view, male Lesser Vors are referred to as "Mister", while female Lesser Vors are reffered to as "Madame". Furthermore, "Mr." is used with a first name to distinguish among family members who might otherwise be confused in conversation: "Mr. Vor-Surname" is the family head or the eldest present; younger brothers or cousins are then referred to as "Mr. Richard Vor-Surname" and "Mr. William Vor-Surname" and so on.
Historical evolution
Historically, Lesser Vors were both knights and small lords directly subordinated to the Counts.
While some of modern-day Lesser Vors descend from household and landless Vor warriors who were taken into service by a lord (their descendants residing primarily in towns and cities), in Time of Isolation, typical ancestors of modern-days rural Lesser Vors were landed knights, who took residence in keeps with accompanying land. They had their own sworn peasants and men-at-arms, but they could not maintain sworn Vors as liegemen. Differently from Counts and their Voices, landed Lesser Vors did not have the authority to deliver the Count's Justice in their lands, or the right of pit and gallows. Rather, they had to appeal to their liege lord. Landed Vors were sworn to fight for their Count and their immediate liegelord who held dominion over their lands: being able to bring contingents, they acted as (relatively junior) officers. In practice, some landed Vors (among those who were not Counts or Counts' immediate lieges) were more powerful than smaller lordlings: these knights were usually of ancient houses, with extensive lands, and strong keeps. However, a landed Vor generally had less prestige, and is outranked by Counts and their immediate liegemen in formal occasions. During the early times of planetary unity before the Nexus rediscovery of Barrayar, Lesser Vor outside ruling Counts' families filled "en masse" officers ranks of the Dorcas' hosts and militias.
Other Lesser Vors may descend from and in some case still be tenants of their Counts, their Voices and their immediate lieges. All Cunts had and still have sworn vassals (who also took the title of "Lord" during Time of Isolation when tasked with tenants duties); those vassals could have other Vor warriors under them, and the feudalism chain continues down to the plebs. Historically, a lordship was typically assumed to be accompanied by a grant of lands or a castle.
High Vor
The High Vor is used to refer to the upper-most, aristocratic portion of the Vor. The Vor are a military caste, and while all Vor have certain legal privileges and responsibilities Vor status does not necessarily denote wealth or political power. All aristocrats are Vor, but only a small portion of Vor are aristocrats.
While the strict definition of High Vor is related only to District Counts and their families, other Vor can be regarded as High Vor, as a mark of other form of authority or historical idiosyncrasy.
High Vor are in charge of lordships, while ordinary Vor - both of ruling families and ordinary Vor families - are (or they should be) mere warriors, low ranking nobles serving as soldiers or as administrators within others' Districts.
High Vor are usually closer related to the District Counts' families than the other Vor, who anyway mostly have their hands between one of the 60 counts, who have their hands between the Emperor. Each Vor, however unimportant, automatically owes allegiance to his "familial" or District Count: they take an oath when they become twenty. A junior and lesser Vor is not able to simply move to another District like and ordinary freeman but faces several restrictions.
Vor Houses are clan-like structures with a few dozen to a few hundred or more members. Every High Vor House has both Lesser Vor of its own House and several smaller ones, called Lesser Vor Houses (or Vor Sept, especially within British-descent Vors), that mostly reside within their Districts and through centuries have sworn loyalty to them and are supposed to support them in case of need. At the same time, the High Vor House protects its members and associated Houses.
Counts
Count is a title and position in the government of Barrayar. There are 60 Districts on Northern Continent of Barrayar, each governed by a Vor with the title of Count. On Barrayar, Count derives from accountant, as they were originally Imperial Tax Collectors and Accountants.Each Count must maintain two official residences, one in the capital Vorbarr Sultana, and another in his District capital. An ordinary Count family has at its disposal a Town House in Vorbarr Sultana (Vor- House, e.g. Vorkosigan House), a District Capital House and most often also an official Country House. Usually Country Houses are the ancestral family seats (or their remanants). It is keen to underline that the Count office, although with several feudal features and traits, still remains a State office.
The office of District Count is hereditary, i.e. passed from father to the eldest male son. Although exact hereditary criterya do vary from house to house, the (partial) exclusion of the women has developed and consolidated throught the Bloody Centuries and it was consciously adopted to minimize the chances that a VorX would be the most direct blood heir to other Counts of other families. The exclusion of the female line was strongly encouraged by every strong Emperor in order to prevent one Count from completely conquering another Count's District and trying to merge them into one or run both Countships in parallel; this policy was consistently enforced even by the whole Council of Counts over the centuries.
The concrete, ordinary-day power of the Counts lies in the power of what they privately possess. The land the Counts own covers city blocks and country lands. The Counts control hundreds of livings which give the right to appoint local officials, also outside their own jurisdictions as District rulers. This right means he is in a position to give employment to a substantial number of men. Other Counts and High Vors work in various ministries in the Government of the Empire. Each ministry has a number of patronage spots.
Armsmen
An Armsman is an armed liveried soldier sworn to a District Count. The armsman gives into service his own body and soul for the duration of life. Since under the Vorlopoulous' Law, each Count is permitted to have up to twenty Armsmen each, being an Armsman is an highly coveted honour and a reward: they are often retired servicemen with illustrious personal records, but they could be also distinguished policemen or otherwise worthy individual. Moreover, it's not been totally unknown for an Armsman to catch the eye and marry junior Vor young women, if his military background is good enough.
A sworn Armsman has the right and privilege to following his liege-lord's orders to the letter and to the spirit. Commands a Count or a liegelord gives to these personal armsmen has the force of absolute law, as long as they do not constitute treason; even if they do constitute treason, the Armsman is bound to follow orders (although a loyal Armsman may try to persuade his liegelord to take a different course of action) but the Armsman is fully protected by laws and customs from prosecution even if he followed treacherous orders.
Because Armsmen are essentially liege-soldiers, differently from other security forces of the District. The unconditional fealty and obedience arising from this condition requires that an armsman does not have the right to unilaterally resign. Therefore the Lord has the right to prevent them from getting married and to instantly execute the armsman for disobeying orders in combat, in an analogous way with the military. If an armsman marry without the permission or the consent of his lord Count, his Lord could nullify the marriage or dishonourably dismiss the Armsman or both as the Count sees fit.
On the other hand, an Armsman is sworn to the protection and the safety of his lord, and therefore he has to take all actions he deems necessary to protect him, including taking initiative and even moderately reproaching his lord.
In respect of his Armsmen, the lord has some obligation to provide food, clothing, shelter, defence and armament and to support and aid his family. Furthermore, they can appeal to their lord for protection. The protection to be granted to Armsmen has its roots in the vow of obedience: subordinates, even if free willingly subordinates, have not the right to abandon or desert a criminal or treasonous action which is enacted by their lord, master or superior. Therefore, they are legally assumed to have no free will to do differently: an Armsman who commits a crime goes free if he did so at his Count's command. Instead, the Count is punished according Imperial law.
It is to note that the limit of twenty Armsmen is set up for active duty Armsmen, not for retired ones: the latter ones are still bound by their oaths, but are no longer required to actively serve. However, since they did vowed their fealty, they could be recalled in service as mere bondsmen: the only requirement is that no more than twenty armed Armsmen could stand with each Count's family at the same time.
Armsman's Oaths
In the most formal occasions, Armsmen are required to take an oath. This is the case when an Armsman begins his service to the Count. The form differs according the different conditions of the Armsmen who take the Oath.
If the future Armsman is a subject who is an unsworn subject, the oath takes the following form:
I, [Armsman's name], do testify I am an unsworn freeman, and take service under [District Count's name] as an Armsman, and will hold him as my liege commander until my death or his releases me.
If the future Armsman is a retired soldier or a retired police officer, the oath differs slightly:
I, [Armsman's name], do testify I am a forsworn military vassal of [Reigning Emperor's name], and take service under [District Count's name] as an Armsman, and will hold him as my liege commander until my death or his releases me.
The lord being sworn to responds as follows:
I, [District Count's name], vassal secondus to [Reigning Emperor's name], do accept your Oath, and pledge you the protection of a liege commander; this by my word as [District Count's name].
When an armsman wishes to marry, the formula is:
My lord, I ask your permission and aid to marry [Person to be married's name] that my sons may serve you.
A favourable response takes the form:
Yes, may they all serve me as well as you do.
Titles
There are sixty Ancient Districts on Barrayar, each governed by a Vor with the title of Count. Members of a Count's immediate family also have titles. The heir, usually the eldest son of the Count, is Lord (Surname); his wife is Lady (Surname). The second in line of succession is called as Lord (Forename). Other children of a Count are called Lord or Lady (Forename) (Surname). High Vors who are not in the immediate line of succession are referred to as Lord (Forename).
If a military rank is used together with Count's or Lord's title, the rank precedes the title. In some cases the title is tied to a position, notably the Imperial Auditors are styled Lord Auditor (Surname). In any case, also courtesy titles may be used outside formal or official occasions.
Territorial designation
The territorial designation follows all Lesser Vor and most of High Vor titles (including Counts), linking them to a specific place or places, at least one of which is almost always on Barrayar. The territorial designation is not a part of the title in the Vor class. In the case of Lord VorX, of Y, where "Lord VorX" is the title and "of Y" is the territorial designation; the part before the comma is the actual title, and the part after the comma is the territorial designation.
Some territorial designations name more than one place, and the format used depends on whether such places are in the same county or other administrative division. Occasionally, a place outside Barrayar can be named: for instance, when a general officer wins a foreign enemy.
House Uniforms
House uniforms are formal wear, for donning when visiting the palace or the Council of Counts, for high-society balls and for other important occasions. Anyone who can claim a Lord title (any son of a Count or previous Count, Count's heir, heir of count's heir, and other lords) is entitled to wear his correct House uniform, as well as their Armsmen and their servants; District clerks and guards and other District public employees can, if required so by their own regulations, wear an uniform with the District colours. Only Lords and their retinue wear house uniforms. An House Uniform has four dresses, according to the rank of the wearer: there are uniforms for the Count, his heir, cadet lords, and the Armsmen's livery. In the case of the Heir, only a Confirmed Heir could wear the Heir's uniform, while the pretenders or the unconfirmed Heirs wear the Cadet Lord Uniform, while other Vor do not wear Uniforms, although they could wear a plain clothing which recalls their House's colours.
Each House has a pair of colours (which do not follow the Heraldic rule: they can be a pair of Tinctures or a pair of Metals) which constitutes both the Coat of Arms and the uniform motif. All sets of "colours" consist of a main colour and a trim colour; No House can wear an uniform which is identical to other House's one, although swapping the main colour and the trim colour creates a different set. There are 60 sets, to provide a distinct set for each of the members of the Council of Counts. Two sets that are technically distinct but easily confused by the eye can be made more distinctive by specifying colours as different members within the same family, such as counting scarlet, carmine, and (basic) red all as implementations of "red".
Each House and each rank have different House Uniforms for different social occasions: for example, the mourning House uniform is black, with the House symbol in black silk.
In the most solemn votes in Council of Counts, such as the designation of a Lord Regent or a trial for treason, the Counts wear Red and silver robes over their House uniforms; the Counts who are still in active Service, wear the ultra-formal parade uniform, the Red-and-blues. Military Red-and-Blues, Red-and-Silvers and the ministerial robe Red-and-Blacks are not part of the House Uniforms, but are part of State-related wears.
Coats of arms
All Vor Houses have a family coat of arms; Counts and heads of other Vor Houses may carry the plain coat of arms, while other Vors must alter the coat of arms in some way. Barrayaran heraldry follows only loosely ancient Earth European heraldic rules, and therefore two colours or two metals (extremely rare) may come together.
The helm of the Emperor is usually golden, stands facing the viewer and has six or seven bars, also of gold. The Imperial Princes use the same helm on their arms. The rest of the Counts use a helm of silver that is in profile facing the viewer’s left and decorated in gold; this helm uses five or six bars of gold. Closed steel helmet is used by Lesser Vors.
Council of Counts
The Parliament of Barrayar is the supreme legislative body in Barrayar and its colonies. At its head is the Sovereign. The parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Council of Counts, with the secondary presence of a lower house, the Council of the Little People.
The Council of Counts includes the Counts by birthright or their appointed delegates. The Council also performs the supreme judicial role against the Counts and their heir. It meets in Castle Vorhartung, Vorbarr Sultana. The reigning Emperor presides over Council meetings.
The Council exercises ordinary legislative competence with Sovereign. With some exceptions, no law can be passed without the assent of the two parliamentary bodies. The Council of Counts exercises competences competing with and providing advice to the Sovereign mainly in matter of affairs related to Barrayar and to the Barrayaran Imperium in its entirety, while the affairs of Viceroyalty of Sergyar and of the Imperial Consortium of Komarr are de facto entrusted to local bodies, in matters of institutional review and of general policy orientation of the government.
While during most of Gregor Vorbarra's reign the Council of Counts was divided into a Progressive Party and a more traditional-minded Conservative Party, currently it is politically fragmented. Conservatives and Progressives still exist, but they are only two among other factions, and they are not the largest ones. Nowadays, it mainly exist a big centre-right faction, which calls itself "Loyalist" (composed of hard-liner and staunch supporters of Emperor Serg Vorbarra). These centre-right loyalists are flanked a centrist "Moderate" faction and an hard-liner traditionalist faction, the "Conservatives" themselves. There are also Progressives and Technocrats.
Right to keep and bear arms
The exclusive right to keep and bear arms is reserved, de natura, to the Vor people. This is a jealously guarded privilege, directly connected to the fact that Vors are the warrior caste. Any other person is strictly prohibited to keep and bear arms, unless he or she bears arms at the service of his or her lawful liegelord and in accordance with relevant provisions and limitations. Stunner hunting weapons, swords, knives, daggers are all regarded as "weapons" and are popular among Vormen of all levels, and it is usual that a Vor officer carries both the Imperial Service sabre and a family blade; even low-ranking Vor women may carry a weapon, and usually they do carry a characteristic "Vorfemme" knife, intended to defend their honour from rapacious males.
Marrying issues
Within Barrayaran Vor class, marrying issues reflect the male-oriented political inheritance and form of transmission of formal political power. When a non-Vor woman marries a Vor husband she becomes Vor. If a Vor woman marries a non-Vor husband she assumes the husband's class and status, and therefore ceases to be a Vor. Legally, she is still a Vor's daughter, and therefore she still exercises her property hereditary rights, but political rights expire. Family and affective connections, however, are unlikely to expire too. Until early years of Gregor Vorbarra's reign, it was a dishonouring act if a Vor woman married a non-Vor man, although some exceptions already took place. If the Vor woman has a personal title, she usually retains it, but the husband doesn't gain any title and her children cannot claim any property outside the strict private hereditary axis. However, if a Count decides to proceed with designation of a non-Vor grandchild (or a relative, or anyone else) as heir, he de facto raises that person to High Vor class and hereditary membership for their male descendants; in such cases, the newly designated Heir takes his maternal grandfather's surname before of his father's one. E.g., if Count Vor-something's grandchild is designated as Count's heir, the grandchild's new surname becomes Vor-something-Father's Surname.
Intra-Vor marriages between different Vor ranks follow similar lines. Princesses keep their titles when they marry a Vor and their sons keep the title of Lord (by special dispensation if they are born outside a Count's immediate family), but have the same rank of their fathers.
On the other hand, for non-High Vors' daughters who marry proles and plebs, the hereditary axis is the only inheritance that they and their children may get from their mother, whatever the marriage their mother may make.
Forms of Address
Within the Vor class, forms of address include a formal recognition of someone's social and political standing.
First Names
Within the Vor class, first names are rarely used in speech, except in extremely limited circumstances. Use of first names is restricted to children growing up together, or in some cases boys at school together. They continue to use their childhood forms of address throughout their lives. Parents might also ignore titles when addressing their children, but very often if there was a title available, a formal mother would use it (e.g. a Count's Heir is referred to as "Lord Surname" or a District-related title, if existent).
Among men, rather than first names, intimacy is usually shown by using the title alone (or some diminutive of it), or by using the last name alone. Occasionally first names are used among very close friends who attended boarding school together from a young age.
Even spouses sometimes maintain more formal modes of address than personal names, even in private. Most often a lady would call her husband by his surname alone, as his intimate friends or his family would. Obviously it depends upon the couple, and many factors might contribute, such as age disparity, actual intimacy, or actual rank of the couple, but a wife would often refer to her husband this way, even to her closest friends and relations.
Use of "The"
"The" is a designation only used for Counts and their immediate families. It is not used, for example, by Lords or Ladies in their own right outside the Counts' families. The wife of Lord Ivan Vorpatril was Lady Vorpatril, and never The Lady Vorpatril, while the wife of a Miles Vorkosigan while Aral Vorkosigan's heir was The Lady Vorkosigan. However, when the usage is not formal, "The" may be dropped.
District Counts
The rule is that a social inferior addresses a District Count as "My Lord" and a social equal as "Count".
This is the example case of famous Count Aral Vorkosigan, Count of Vorkosigan District, and whose family surname is Vorkosigan.
Formal address
A Count when he is formally announced or addressed on formal correspondence, is referred to as His Excellency the Count of Vorkosigan (Vorkosigan standing for Vorkosigan District, which is the title), or His Excellency the Count Vorksigan (Vorkosigan being the surname). In a salutation on formal correspondence, the correct form is My Lord. A Count's wife when he is announced formally or addressed on formal correspondence, is referred to as Her Grace Countess Vorkosigan (Vorkosigan being the surname); when directly addressed to, the form is "Madam". In a salutation on formal correspondence, the correct form is My Lady.
The Count's Heir, when he is formally announced or addressed on formal correspondence, is referred to as "The Lord Vorkosigan". The formal address form, as well as salutation on formal correspondence, is "My Lord". His wife is "The Lady Vorkosigan" and the formal address, as well as salutation on formal correspondence, is "My Lady".
The Count's younger son, when he is formally announced or addressed on formal correspondence, is referred to as "Lord Mark Vorkosigan". The formal address form, as well as salutation on formal correspondence, is "My Lord". His wife is "Lady Kareen Vorkosigan" and the formal address, as well as salutation on formal correspondence, is "My Lady".
Informal address
A Count when he is informally announced or addressed on social correspondence, is referred to as His Excellency the Count of Vorkosigan District. Similarly, in a salutation on social correspondence, the correct form is "Dear Count of Vorkosigan District" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Count"). A Count's wife when he is announced informally or addressed on social correspondence, is referred to as Her Grace Countess Vorkosigan District; when directly addressed to, the form is "My Lady". Similarly, in a salutation on social correspondence, the correct form is "Dear Countess Vorkosigan" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Countess").
A Count's Heir when he is informally announced or addressed on social correspondence, is referred to as "The Lord Vorkosigan"; when directly addressed to, the form is "Lord Vorkosigan". Similarly, in a salutation on social correspondence, the correct form is "Dear Lord Vorkosigan" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Vorkosigan"). His wife is "The Lady Vorkosigan" and "Dear Lady Vorkosigan" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Ekaterin Vorkosigan") respectively.
A Count's younger son when he is informally announced or addressed on social correspondence, is referred to as "Lord Mark Vorkosigan"; when directly addressed to, the form is "Lord Mark". Similarly, in a salutation on social correspondence, the correct form is "Dear Lord Mark" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Mark Vorkosigan"). His wife or his sister is "Lady Kareen " and "Dear Lady Kareen" (or, more familiarly, "Dear Kareen Vorkosigan") respectively.
Speech address
When addressed in speech, a Count is referred to as "My Lord" (by inferiors) or "Count" (by social equals) the first time in conversation, followed by "Sir" (or "Vorkosigan" if addressed by a close friend or relative or socially equal colleague). When addressed in speech, a Count's wife is referred to as "My Lady" (by inferiors) or "Countess" (by social equals) the first time in conversation, followed by "Madame".
When addressed in speech, a Count's Heir is referred to as "My Lord" (by inferiors) or "Lord Vorkosigan" (by social equals) the first time in conversation, followed by "Sir" (or "Vorkosigan" if addressed by a close friend or relative or socially equal colleague). His wife is referred to as "My Lady" (by inferiors) or "Lady Vorkosigan" (by social equals) the first time in conversation, followed by "Madame" (or "Ekaterin" if addressed by a close friend or relative or socially equal colleague).
When addressed in speech, a Count's younger son is referred to as "My Lord" (by inferiors) or as "Lord Mark" and his wife, as well as his sister, is "Lady Kareen" (with Kareen being her first name).
A Count is referred to in speech as "His Excellency" (by inferiors), or "The Count" (by social equals). A Count's wife is referred to in speech as "Her Grace" (by inferiors), or "The Countess" (by social equals). A Count's Heir is referred to in speech as "Lord Vorkosigan", while his wife is "Lady Vorkosigan". The Count's younger son is referred to as "My Lord" (by inferiors) or as "Lord Mark" (by equals) and his wife, as well as his sister, is "My Lady" or "Lady Kareen" (with Kareen being her first name).
Signature
The signature on social correspondence may be indifferently the first part of the title ("Vorkosigan") or the surname ("Vorkosigan"). It is to note that the two signatures coincide; the Count's wife's signature is her name and the husband's surname ("Cordelia Vorkosigan"). The Count's Heir in signature is "Lord Vorkosigan" or "Miles Vorkosigan". The latter's wife is "Lady Vorkosigan" or "Ekaterin Vorkosigan". The Count's younger son in signature is "Lord Mark" or "Mark Vorkosigan". The latter's wife is "Lady Kareen" or "Kareen Vorkosigan".