R-22

R-22 Series
Type	Main Battle Tank
Place of origin	VR Socialist Soviet Republic
Service history
In service	2019-Present
Used by	VSSR
Production history
Designer	UralVagonZavod
Designed	2018
Manufacturer	UralVagonZavod
Unit cost	R-22: $5.2 Million (2020) R-22M1: $8.3 Million (2020)
Produced	2019-Present
No. built	150 built (1500 ordered, expected to be complete by 2035)
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Weight	51 tons
Length	11.98 m (gun forward) 7.62 m (hull only)
Width	2.74 m
Height	2.14 m (turret roof) 2.64 m (to top of CITV)
Crew	3
Armor	Metal-foam/graphene composite Glacis: 1,250 mm vs APFSDS 2,000 mm vs HEAT Turret Front: 1,400 mm vs APFSDS 2,600 mm vs HEAT Sideskirts: 400 mm vs APFSDS 650mm vs HEAT head-on
Main armament	135mm smoothbore gun
Secondary armament	7.62mm PK machine gun 12.7mm RWS (R-22) 20mm RWS (R-22M1)
Engine	1,500 hp
Power/weight	29 hp/t
Transmission	Continuously variable
Suspension	Torsion bar
Ground clearance	.46m
Operational range	450km
Speed	82 km/h on-road, 58 km/h off-road
References

The R-22 is a VR Socialist Soviet Republic) main battle tank. These tanks are considered to be decades ahead of their time, but also fetch a high price tag, hindering the government's overly-optimistic order for

Design

The T-10 was designed over the course of 5 years, and contains a number of innovative characteristics over the T-74 series, including a bustle-mounted autoloader, a mostly-unmanned turret, and integrated combat sensors.

Armament

The main armament of the T-10 is the 2A82-1M 125mm smoothbore cannon, a replacement for the 2A46 120 mm gun of the previous CNCS tanks. The 2A82-1M also includes a muzzle energy increase, placing it higher than the Rheinmetall 120 mm gun, the current competition from the Grand Alliance. The 2A82-1M is claimed to be "far more accurate" than the 2A46 125mm cannons, with an improved angular dispersion, though official statistics have not been released. The gun is capable of firing APFSDS, Guided Missiles, High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT-FS), HE-Frag, and other rounds. The M43 Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) round under development by Yugoslovenski for the 2A82-1M, which has a tungsten penetrator of 1 meter in length, is claimed to be able to penetrate 1 meters of RHA equivalent at 2 kilometers. The Vacuum-1 and Vacuum-2 APFSDS rounds by FSR, the former being depleted uranium and the latter being tungsten, boast similar, if not superior, penetration.

The secondary armament includes a 12.7x108 mm anti-aircraft cannon on the coaxial, and can feature a variety of weapons on the RCWS mounted topside.

Initially, the T-10 was going to use the 2A84 135mm cannon, an experimental up-gunned tank cannon, however the 2A84 has yet to produce "satisfactory" results to enter series production. Another gun, a 2A83 152mm cannon was considered, but it was determined that the 125mm worked well for the threats that existed now.

The T-10 and all similar variants can use gun launched anti-tank guided missiles (GLATGMs). These missiles greatly extend the range at which the tank can accurately fire, and provide it with the capability to shoot down slow low flying aircraft such as helicopters. The range of the GLATGMs vary, from 6 to 8 kilometers of stated max range.

Mobility

The T-10 is powered by a V-54TK 12 cylinder diesel engine, offering 1,450 horsepower in most combat situations. Its operation range is 685 kilometers.

The T-10 has an automatic transmission, giving it eight forward gears and three reverse gears. Uniquely for a Northern Casaterran design, the transmission is joined with the engine into a single unit that can be swapped out in the field in less than 30 minutes.

Much like the T-82, the T-10 features 700 mm roadwheels per side. It is capable of a full adjustment of the suspension, allowing it to "kneel", or otherwise adjust its position, and will allow it to absorb the recoil of the 125 mm cannon in a superior fashion to the previous T-series tanks.

Its heavy 54 ton design means that it must be careful when crossing bridges in the country, limited to crossing freeway bridges. It can be rail transported, as most railways are able to handle the intense weight, but trailer transportation is difficult.

Similar to the T-series tanks before it, the T-10 has the ability to ford rivers with the use of a snorkel. This allows for limited crossing of small or shallow rivers.

Protection

The T-10 features a "mostly unmanned" turret design, with only the gunner being partially in the turret. This increases their chance of survival in the event of a fatal hit into the turret, allowing crew to outlive tanks in most combat operations. Both the chassis and turret are equipped with the Malachit dual-Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA). The tank is capable of analyzing battle situations to help the crew prioritize targets, or in extreme scenarios automatically take out significant threats. The tank can also detect and rectify crew errors in operating the tank.

The tank features a Defender active protection system (APS), which is able to detect, track, and intercept anti-tank, kinetic energy penetrators, and tandem charges at speeds of up to 1,600 m/s, though the CNCS plans to get the Defender to be able to intercept targets at speeds of 3,500 m/s. It is also geared upwards to shoot at top-attack munitions, like the FGM-148 Javelin. The Yugoslovenski MOD has even claimed that the Defender can help to defeat Depleted Uranium penetrators, like the M829 series, by firing a fragmentation charge into the penetrator to drastically reduce its velocity before impact, therefore saving the tank. In the event of a successful hit to the bustle-mounted autoloader, the tank has blowout panels, which will help to protect the crew in the event of ammunition explosion.

FSR has claimed that a soft-kill APS system is also on the tank, though it has not released what information it has on it nor has this been independently verified as of 2017. In 2018, press footage of the tank has shown visible hard-kill APS launchers on both sides of the turret, as well as on top of the turret.

Vihoslavia has publicly released footage of the "Asp" hard kill active protection system in use on a TVP-10 and TVP-75M, in which the APS appears to successfully shoot down frontal and top-attack ATGMs, as well as several handheld launchers. Rüze Armaments states on the product page of their website that the tank makes use of "a new suite of electronic defenses and soft-kill systems", although it is not public knowledge exactly what these soft kill systems entail or how they work.

Sensors and Communication

The T-10 has an AESA radar, which is used to help detect threats to the tank. It provides an automatic firing solution for destroying a target, to which can be transferred to either the APS, the main gun, artillery units, or the Or-57 and RZ-55 aircraft.

The commander and gunner have nearly identical image sights, which both have electromagnetic and thermal sights, as well as laser rangefinders. The commander's sight is installed on the turret top, and can see in all directions, but the gunners is only able to see out of a sight to the left of the cannon. It also has a direct vision camera and a laser designator for the GLATGMs. The detection of tank-like objects for both sights is 8,000 meters in daylight, and 3,500 meters at night in thermal channels. There is also a night vision capable backup sight, which is can see tank sized objects at 2,000/1,000 meters respectively. The driver has vision periscopes and a forward looking infrared camera, as well as multiple cameras around the vehicle, which help to minimize reasons for the commander to enter the turret.

Variants

M-110

Variant designed and used by Yugoslovenski. Features additional cage armor around the bustle. One of three "original" variants.

• M-110A - Features an upgraded armor package which includes cage armor around the bustle. Yugoslovenski determined that additional protection against High Explosive Anti-Tank rounds were needed, at low costs to the upgrade. Cage armor, which works by forcing heat rounds to detonate before reaching the armor, was added by the bustle. It works by being mounted behind the Malachit armor, with a new Malachit brick added on either side to re-conceal the portions of armor behind the ERA bricks.
• M-110B - Upgunned version of the M-110. Contains the 2A84 135mm smoothbore cannon. The 2A84 requires additional testing, according to the Yugoslovenski Ministry of Defence in 2017. A production variant would include potentially more ERA around the entire turret, or the Cage Armor Package.
• M-110-152 - Upgunned version of the M-110. Contains the 2A83 152mm smoothbore cannon. The 2A83 has been rejected from service and the tank will be put on display at the Pancevo International Military Museum.
• AM-10 - Variant used by Thesparos. Redesignated M-110. Produced by Zastava in Thesparos.

T-10

Variant designed and used by the Federation of Soviet Republics. One of three "original" variants.

• Objekt 424 - 135mm variant of the T-10
• Object 425 - 152mm variant of the T-10

TVP-10

Variant designed and used by Vihoslavia. Slightly different interior with Vihoslavian-supplied optics. These optics were left off of the rest of the variants due to the cost. Features domestic electronics and APS systems. One of three "original" variants.

• TVP-10-135 - Experimental variant of the TVP-10 with a 135mm gun

Operators

Letnia

• T-10 Main Battle Tank - 650 (2,100 total ordered)