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Arthasthan's uncodified constitution, the People's Laws of Arthasthan, declares that the country is founded on the principles of socialism with the goal of achieving a socialist society. The Laws officially establishes this socialist state within the framework of as a federal democratic republic governed by a parliamentary system. However in practice it operates under a People's democracy, where the Arthani branch of the Satrian Section of the Worker's International (SSWI) controls the political climate. In addition, while Arthasthan's constitution guarantees basic civil and political rights for all of its citizens, the government has inconsistently followed or ignored these protections entirely. For these reasons, Arthasthan is often considered by scholars to be an illiberal democracy, a Southern democracy, or an outright authoritarian state.
Government
The People's Laws defines the Premier as the highest de jure state authority. The Premier is a member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority who serves as head of government for a four year term, renewable once. The Premier is responsible for the exercise of executive powers in implementing the decrees and general policies approved by the Assembly. The Premier is assisted by a council of ministers, known as the Executive Council, who are appointed by the Premier and approved by the Assembly. Together the Premier and the Executive Council coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature.
The legislature of Arthasthan, known as the Assembly of Arthasthan, is a unicameral body consisting of around 600 members elected by Party-list proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies. Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable coalitions or a no-confidence vote by the Assembly can dissolve a government earlier. The Assembly wields legislative supremacy, granting it extensive legislative powers. The Assembly also has the authority to modify the constitution through a two-thirds majority vote, although it needs approval by a majority of the Supreme Court.
Satrian Section
The People's Laws of Arthasthan declares that the Satrian Section of the Workers' International – Arthani Subsection "as the regional representative of the Workers' International, the Subsection plays a leading role in the development of a socialist state" which constitutionalises its prominent status in Arthani politics. Since the foundation of the republic, the party institutions of the SSWI operate in parallel and in conjunction with normal government institutions. The party directly manages government functions, such as national defence, through the Army of the Socialist Revolution which is ultimately under the control of the party's leadership rather than the state. The Subsection is not a traditional political party, but rather a political forum for the socialist movement in Arthadesh, which consists of the United Front of the Socialist Arthani Satrian Republic, and numerous labour unions, youth organizations, cultural organizations, charities, and other groups.
The highest office within the party the First Secretary, is also de facto head of state of Arthasthan and the United Socialist Republics. In addition to performing duties as head of state, the Secretary is commander in chief of the Army of the Socialist Revolution, and performs numerous key administrative functions of the party by controlling its national organisation. The First Secretary and other high level party officials are elected by the National Party Congress, which is held annually. The National Congress servers as an official platform for debate within the party as it determines and approves party policy. The last major party institution is the People's Congress which is an assembly of representatives from the socialist movement. Its main purpose is to coordinate the policies of the national government with its member organisations. In addition it has de facto legislative powers, as many of its members are also Assembly delegates. While the Congress began as a party institution, it is increasingly functioning as part of the federal government, especially since membership of the Congress was opened to groups not directly affiliated with the Subsection.