PSO-91 AADS

PSO-91 AADS Pansarökhågnikk m/91 Advanced Armor Defeat System
A Dnieguan Pansarökhågnikk m/91B
Place of origin	Dniegua
Service history
Used by	See users
Production history
Designer	Saab Bofors waffenfabrik
Designed	2001
Manufacturer	Marskov Heavy Industries
Produced	2006
Specifications
Weight	12.5 kg
Length	1016 mm
Diameter	103mm charge
Crew	One
Calibre	150 mm Warhead
Muzzle velocity	40 m/s at bore 335m at a distance of 80m
Effective firing range	20 m to 600 m
Maximum firing range	1000 m
Filling	PETN
Filling weight	1,830 grams

The AADS (Advanced Armor Defeat System, known in Dniegua as the PSO-91 (Pansarökhågnikk m/91), is a Dnieguan-produced, Infantry-portable, disposable, fire and forget/direct fire Anti-Tank and Anti-fortification munition, designed and produced by Bofors Waffenfabrik for the Dnieguan military. The AADS has the ability to engage moving targets to 600m, and can engage static or slow-moving targets to a range of 800m; the warhead is programmed to detonate at a distance of 1.1km.

Design

The PSO-91 is a soft-launch, dual-mode system utilizing a 1.83kg PETN warhead, allowing individual infantry to engage and destroy tanks, armored fighting vehicles, helicopters, and structures or fortifications. In Fire-and-Forget mode, a multi-directional inerta gyroscope which allows the user to point the optical sight at the target, track, and simply fire the missile, which begins an intercept path with the target immediately upon launch. After traveling 40m, the missile arms itself. The missile utilizes a soft-launch system, flying at 40m/s for the first 12 meters, before arming its boosters and flying to top speed of 335 meters per second. The user does not need to track the target after launch.

A view through the PSO-91/B optical sight at against a simulated tank target, 400 meters

The missile uses Predicted Angular Line of Sight; three seconds of tracking are required for the missile to calculate out a trajectory of the target. Upon completion of tracking data, the launchers handle vibrates, sending a signal to the user the missile is ready to fire. The missile is propelled forward using an initial propellant charge. An electronic capacitor begins to heat up before igniting the missiles engine fuel after about 12 meters of flight, and the rocket engines propel the missile forward. In top attack mode, the missiles warheads use a sweeping magnetic anomaly detector and optical sensor, along with its inertial guidance, to recognize when it is in approaching the target, before detonating its hollow-charge and penetrating the top of the target. A top-attack profile ensures the missile is able to defeat most modern MBTs in a single hit, penetrating the weakest top armor and destroying the tank; though the actual figures of penetration are classified, it is known to penetrate at least 500mm of RHAe after ERA effects, far more than the roof armor of an MBT.

In direct-attack mode, a gear is rotated in the rear of the firing unit, enabling a direct attack warhead mode. In direct attack, the missle flies directly at the point of aim, and penetrates the target before detonating. The slight delay associated with the lack of the top-attack sensors automatic detonation ensures the missile detonates inside soft structures, while impacts on structures most frequently detonate the missile shortly after impact. The warhead has a TNT equivalency of 3kg. The m/91B version moves the switch to the firing unit in a selector-style switch, which allows the gunner to more readily make a switch from top attack to direct attack. The new m/91C version includes a third mode, Enhanced Effect, which adds a further delay to the warhead, allowing penetration of softer targets, ensuring detonation inside of structures, soft-skin vehicles, or allows the missile to fly through openings in structures and detonate beyond the threshold.

Components of the PSO-91 are shared with the Dnieguan RbPV m/95 ATGM, including the inertial gyroscope. The warheads, however, differ. In 2015, the PSO m/91-EP (Enhanced Preformance) was shown at a defense expo, which includes the 4.5kg warhead of the RbPV m/95, and a stronger motor (Also from the m/95). Weighing 16.4 kilos, the EP version in direct attack mode makes use of a higher content of explosive to defeat bunkers and structures in a single round, while retaining the top-attack profiles of both the RbPV m/95 and PSO m/91.

Service

The PSO-91b currently arms the Dnieguan Military at the Platoon level. Used to suppliant the Granatgevar m/48E3, the PSO m/91b is generally carried in the infantry vehicle, with a normal dispersion of two per squad. Anti-Tank units typically use the PSO m/91 to cover the 150m dead-zone the Robotpanservarn m/95 is unable to engage targets in, though the Grenatgevar still officially remains the primary means for this due to its much lower minimum engagement range of 10m comparted to the PSO m/91s 40 meters, and the flexibility of multiple warheads of the Grenatgevar.

Hit Probabilities

The following table comes from Dnieguan firing tables included in the manual, against a Cross-wind of 15kph, fired from a kneeling position for the Pansarökhågnikk m/91B against a target designed to mimic an infantry fighting vehicle. Firings were carried out by trained PSO m/91 gunners.

Range	Percent
50 m	100%
100 m	100%
200 m	94%
300 m	86%
400 m	72%
500 m	64%
600 m	52%
700 m	41%
800 m	33%
900 m	27%
1000 m	14%

Variants

• Pansarökhågnikk m/91 - Initial variant, adopted by the Dnieguan Army for all branches in 2006.
• Pansarökhågnikk m/91B- Upgraded version developed in 2010 replacing the mode selector, located in the rear of the weapon, with a more conventional paddle-style switch located above the grip and trigger mechanism. Includes a disarming switch,which allows the weapon to be returned to transport mode safely.
• Pansarökhågnikk m/91C- Version entering trials in 2017, which has a third mode, delay, allowing the munition to detonate beyond the target following penetration or passing into a structure.
• Pansarökhågnikk m/91-EP- Version proposed by Bofors Waffenfabrik in 2015 utilizing the warhead and motor from the Robotpansarvarn m/95 ATGM to increase performance in PFM and DA modes, while allowing direct attack mode to more effectively engage armor. According to Bofors, a batch of 300 was mode for an undisclosed customer for testing.
• Advanced Armor Defeat System- the export version of the PSO-91B currently offered by Bofors for international sale.

Specifications

• Weight: 12.5kg
• Length: 1.016m
• Caliber: 150mm
• Muzzle velocity:
  • Initial: 40m/s
  • Maximum: High Subsonic: 330m/s
• Range:
  • Minimum: 20 m
  • Maximum: 600 m
• Guidance: Predicted Line-of-sight/inertial guidance
• Warhead: Combined overfly/top attack or direct
• Cost : approximately ₭52,500/$35,000 USD

Users

• Dniegua: The PSO-91 is one of the primary explosive projectors of the Dnieguan Military. It serves alongside the Granatgevar m/48E3 and RobotPansarvarnsystem m/95, where it fills the gap between the unguided, multi-purpose, reloadable m/48E3 and the more deticated, long-range m/95 ATGM. At least 45,000 are known to have been purchased between 2009 and 2017.