Bhaareesir Period

The Bhaareesir Period (from भारीणि शिरांसि, lit. "heavy head") was the time succeeding the Pedagang Period, but preceding the formation of Terangauni empires. The term "bhaareesir" is a critical term used by religious scholars to refer to the royal headdresses that were common in Daratanayah during this time and there have been many other recommended terms such as Kancilrayaan Imperial Period or the Western Phase of a continuing Perlindungan System.

During the Pedagang Period, the western rim of the Perlindungan was politically unstable and vulnerable to raiding from the continental interior and from naval forays by the Terangauni or Jalanbunikan, both of which had more sophisticated naval vessels at that time. As a result of this political instability, there was a relatively slow rate of economic development and cities on Daratanayah's coast such as Muktapur, Svarnaram, Anaisan, and Delima mostly participated in international trade by producing commodity goods. Timber, grain, and textiles were not uncommon, but these region depended heavily on foreign sources of copper and tin, a vital component of Perlindungan trade. At the same time that Terangauni ships were becoming faster and therefore shifting the network of trade colonies to accommodate longer legs for trade missions, the Kancilrayaan cities were entering a new phase of political activity as more interior groups gained power.

Tribes such as the Burungi and Merak, which were considered obscure at the time, had access to a secondary trade system in which commodities moved west from the urbanized coast and towards the large, arid regions of Daratanayah where herding and hunting were the dominant professions. This gave them access to large numbers of horses, but also made them the most vulnerable to raids (although the interior tribes occasionally also raided their parent cities). This dynamic shifted when Pushpena Merak, a tributary of the king of Svarnaram, allied with a tribal chief called Parn in later texts.