Bhaareesir Period

The mahkota is often used a symbol for this period.

The Bhaareesir Period (from भारीणि शिरांसि, lit. "heavy head") was the time succeeding the Pedagang Period, but preceding the formation of Terangauni empires. The term "bhaareesir" is a critical term used by religious scholars to refer to the royal headdresses that were common in Daratanayah during this time and there have been many other recommended terms such as Kancilrayaan Imperial Period or the Western Phase of a continuing Perlindungan System.

During the Pedagang Period, the western rim of the Perlindungan was politically unstable and vulnerable to raiding from the continental interior and from naval forays by the Terangauni or Jalanbunikan, both of which had more sophisticated naval vessels at that time. As a result of this political instability, there was a relatively slow rate of economic development and cities on Daratanayah's coast such as Muktapur, Svarnaram, Anaisan, and Delima mostly participated in international trade by producing commodity goods. Timber, grain, and textiles were not uncommon, but these region depended heavily on foreign sources of copper and tin, a vital component of Perlindungan trade. At the same time that Terangauni ships were becoming faster and therefore shifting the network of trade colonies to accommodate longer legs for trade missions, the Kancilrayaan cities were entering a new phase of political activity as more interior groups gained power.

Tribes such as the Burungi and Merak, which were considered obscure at the time, had access to a secondary trade system in which commodities moved west from the urbanized coast and towards the large, arid regions of Daratanayah where herding and hunting were the dominant professions. This gave them access to large numbers of horses, but also made them the most vulnerable to raids (although the interior tribes occasionally also raided their parent cities). This dynamic shifted when Pushpena Merak, a tributary of the king of Svarnaram, allied with a tribal chief called Parn in later texts. According to his own chronicle, Pushpena and his ally defeated the corrupt king of Svarnaram and was welcomed into the city as a hero. Pushpena would form a prototype for the imperial ambitions of later leaders, especially in the form of his elaborate mahkota, which "when he was seated towered above the heads of his attendants on horses".

Golden Kingdoms

The first era of the period was defined by the creation and maintenance of several independent polities which were previously considered city-states, with only a vague concept of influence over surrounding regions, into formal territorial units which were capable of exploiting large quantities of resources. While there was no one Golden Kingdom, the scale of luxury available to local elites and the abundance of gold, led to many different states came to have a "golden kingdom" period during which they rapidly expanded.

Meraki Svarnaram

Pushpena's reign over Svarnaram was not an imperial project and, while his forces did often engage in battles and loot neighboring territories, was not very expansive. The key to Pushpena's eternal glory was the establishment of a consistent and powerful kingdom which governed a large interior zone. The diplomatic position and relatively secure interior border of Svarnaram allowed prospecting in a zone of the Yalidash Hills which ultimately produced several exploitable deposits of tin. Tin, copper, and bronze were all essential components of the Terangauni system of trade which was immense in scale and only viable through the movement of strategic resources. While Pushpena's miners did not bankrupt the pedagang overnight, they did end some of the price gouging brought on by the Terangauni trade families and triggered a contraction in intercontinental trade.

Voyagers

Although wars for plunder became the past time of all of the largest states in Daratanayah, many stories still circulated of a rich and exotic land to the east where gold was plentiful. This prompted some exploration and, eventually, exploitation. As the population of coastal Daratanayah expanded and plundering became less viable for many local lords, some of them ventured out to Terangau. The west coast of Terangau, which was called "Tanakiri" locally, faced an influx of adventurers and fortune seekers many of whom were veterans of wars to obtain just such things. On the whole, they could be called unsuccessful as there was a period of nearly a century during which no colony of a Kancilrayaan state was established and there was little interest in replicating the style of the "golden" kingdoms across the sea. They did, however, participate in local wars, established dynasties, and influenced local martial culture in an undeniable way.

Ramatrah

Ramatrah is an abstract term which means something like "the beautifiers" and was the final stage of the Bhaareesir Period. "Ramatr" is a term often applied to a divine or divinely inspired series of rulers who, through warfare and diplomacy, organized the many states of Daratanayah and Tanakiri into a single political unit. This process was already underway before the first Ramatr was born through religious movements that sought an end to the constant small-scale warfare which was undertaken as a prestige project by almost every ruler on the Perlindungan rim.