User:Native Qazh/Sandbox4

Maskey
Khaskalh'skk'aa
Pronunciation	/xas.ka.ɮ̊ᵊs.kː’aː/
Native to	Mokhavia
Ethnicity	- people
Language family	Language isolate
Official status
Official language in	Mokhavia
Language codes
ISO 639-1	-
ISO 639-2	-
ISO 639-3	-

Phonology

		Labial	Alveolar			Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	sibilant	lateral
Plosive / Affricate	plain	b̥ ⟨b⟩	d̥ ⟨d⟩	d̥z̥ ⟨dz⟩	d̥ɮ̊ ⟨dlh⟩	d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊ ⟨j⟩		g̊ ⟨g⟩	ʔ ⟨ʼ⟩
	aspirated	pʰ ⟨p⟩	tʰ ⟨t⟩	tsʰ ⟨ts⟩	tɬʰ ⟨tlh⟩	ts̝ʰ~tʃʰ ⟨ch⟩		kʰ ⟨k⟩
	ejective	pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩	tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩	tsʼ ⟨tsʼ⟩	tɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩	ts̝ʼ~tʃʼ ⟨chʼ⟩		kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩
Sonorants	Fricative			s ⟨s⟩	ɮ̊ ⟨lh⟩	s̝~ʃ ⟨sh⟩		x ⟨kh⟩
	Nasal	m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩
	Approximant / Tap		ɾ ⟨r⟩		l ⟨l⟩		j ⟨y⟩	w ⟨w⟩

• /m/ and /n/ can apear as syllabic

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
High	i ⟨i⟩	iː ⟨ii⟩			u ⟨u⟩	uː ⟨uu⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩	eː ⟨ee⟩			o ⟨o⟩	oː ⟨oo⟩
Low			a ⟨a⟩	aː ⟨aa⟩
Harmony	i		a		u

• short vowels raise up when unstressed (/ɛ/→/e̝~i/;/a/→/ɐ~ə/;/o/→/o̝~u/)
• the /o/ is sound closer to /o̞/

Writing system

Aa /a/

Bb /b̥/

Cc /k~ts/

Dd /d̥/

Dz dz /d̥z̥/

Dlh dlh /d̥ɮ̊/

Ee /ɛ/

Ff /f/

Gg /g̊/

Hh (/x/)

Ii /i/

Jj /d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊/

Kk /kʰ/

K' k' /kʼ/

Kh kh /x/

'Kh 'kh /ᵊx/

Ll /l/

'L 'l /ᵊl/

Lh lh /ɮ̊/

'Lh 'lh /ᵊɮ̊/

Mm /m/

'M 'm /ᵊm/

Nn /n/

'N 'n /ᵊn/

Oo /o/

Pp /pʰ/

P' p' /pʼ/

Qq /kʷ/

Rr /ɾ/

'R 'r /ᵊɾ/

Ss /s/

'S 's /ᵊs/

Sh sh /s̝~ʃ/

'Sh 'sh /ᵊs̝~ᵊʃ/

Tt /tʰ/

T' t' /tʼ/

Ts ts /tsʰ/

Ts' ts' /tsʼ/

Tlh tlh /tɬʰ/

Tlh' tlh' /tɬʼ/

Uu /u/

Vv /w~ʋ/

Ww /w/

Xx /ks/

Yy /j/

Zz /z̥~s/

' /ʔ/

Grammar

  - Vowel Harmony
  - Vowel Harmony, that apears if the word ends/begins in a plosive/stop consonant
  - Apears if the word ends/begins in a vowel

Pronouns

Person & Number			NOM	GEN	DAT	ACC	INS	COMP	INE	ALL	ABL	PROL
Singular	1st
	2nd
	3d
Plural	1st	Inclusive
		Exclusive
	2nd
	3d

Possessive

Person & Number			Affix	Example: Variant 1	Example: Variant 2	Example: Variant 3
Singular	1st
	2nd
	3d
Plural	1st	Inclusive
		Exclusive
	2nd
	3d

Nouns

Number

Number	Affix	Example: Variant 1	Example: Variant 2	Example: Variant 3
Singular	-Ø	dansi' (boat)	thl'a (fish - sin)	ch'wen (animal)
Plural	-ask	dansi'isk (boats)	thl'ask (fish - plr)	ch'wen'sk (animals)

Cases

Case	Affix	Examlple: Variant 1	Examlple: Variant 2	Examlple: Variant 3
Nominative	-Ø	ewak (canoe)	maske (dog)	salh (bow)
Genitive	-alh	ewakalh (of a canoe)	maskelh (of a dog)	salh'lh (of a bow)
Dative	-u/w	ewaku (to a canoe)	maskew (to a dog)	salhu (to a bow)
Accusative	-i/y	ewaki (canoe)	maskey (dog)	salhi (bow)
Instrumental	-asa	ewakasa (with a canoe)	maskesi (with a dog)	salh'si (with a bow)
Comparative	-adlha	ewakadlha (as a canoe)	maskedlhi (as a dog)	salhdlhi (as a bow)
Locative	-ama	ewakama (at/in a canoe)	maskemi (at/in a dog)	salhmi (at/in a bow)
Allative	ka'-	ka'ewak (to/towards a canoe)	kamaske (to/towards a dog)	kasalh (to/towards a bow)
Ablative	ta'-	ta'ewak (from a canoe)	tamaske (from a dog)	tasalh (from a bow)
Benefactial	-ara	ewakara (for a canoe)	maskeri (for a rain)	salh'ri (for a bow)
Vocative	-ee -/oo	ewakee (canoe!)	maskoo (dog!)	salhee (bow!)

Comparison

• Positive - Bassic form of the word: big - saw
• Negative - Negation of the word: (yo-) "unbig" - yosaw
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case: (-'alh) bigger - sawalh
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group: (-'alhka) bigest - sawalhka

Articles

Type	Word	Аffix	Example: Variant 1	Example: Variant 2	Example: Variant 3
indefinite			selk' (salmon)	dlhe (rain)	baalh (milk)
definite		-at(a)	selk'it (the salmon)	dlheti (the rain)	baalhta (the milk)
Proximal-demonstrative	ta (this)		ta selk' (this salmon)	ta dlhe (this rain)	ta baalh (this milk)
Distal-demonstrative	uut (that)		uut selk' (that salmon)	uut dlhe (that rain)	uut baalh (that milk)
Partitive	baw (some)		baw selk' (some salmon)	baw dlhe (some rain)	baw baalh (some milk)
Partitive-Collective	doo (most)		doo selk' (most salmon)	doo dlhe (most rain)	doo baalh (most milk)
Non-Partitive	yoklha (no*)		yoklha selk' (no salmon)	yoklha dlhe (no rain)	yoklha baalh (no milk)

Lexicon

Affix	Used to create...	Example(s)
-akh	agents from verbs/nouns	tlh'e (fish) → tlh'ekh (fisherman)
-awts'a	collective nouns	dansi'siw (ship) → dansi'siwts'i (navy)
-atsa	nouns from verbs	sa'a (to grow) → sa'atsa (plant)
-al	verbs from nouns	k'aa (language) → k'aal (to speak)
-'aw	adjectives from nouns/verbs	twa (water) → twa'aw (watery)
-	adjectives indicating the lack of something
-akya	nouns from adjectives	tlh'een (barren) → tlh'eenkyi (desert)
-	adverbs from nouns/verbs
-acha	diminutives of nouns
-saw	augmentatives of nouns	dansi' (boat) → dansi'siw (ship)
-	locations (places related to the stem)
-	inhabitants (of places)
-achan	decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives)	shem (bear) → shemchin (of the bear)
-adwat	decendents (child of)	Damesdwit (child of Dames)
-k'aa	languages/dialects