Rostani Civil War (1949)

Workers' Uprising (Rostani Civil War)
Communist attack during the Battle of Wasgali, 1944
Date 6 April 1940 - 11 August 1949 (9 years, 3 months and 5 days) Location Rostanistan Result Communists defeated Berbian Arab Socialist Republic defeated Consolidation of monarchy
Belligerents
File:.png Rostanistan File:.png Armed Forces of Rostanistan	Berbian Arab Socialist Republic Army of Rostanistan Rostani Workers' Party
Commanders and leaders
File:.png Mohammed al-Fahn File:.png Mostafa Altek † File:.png Hassan Nefayaz File:.png Alsayed Juba File:.png Nofel Tayik	Saleh Abdat † Nahdiroh Iskan Naemotollah Kadir Sasanha Qumis † Maleek Jalil † Mohammed Badr
Strength
230,000 troops	370,000 troops
Casualties and losses
~167,000 killed	~343,000 killed
Around 135,000 civilians killed ~600,000 displaced 645,000 Killed (in total)

The Rostani Civil War was a civil war in Rostanistan fought between the royal-led government of the Kingdom of Rostanistan (KR) and forces of the Rostani Workers' Party (RWP) combined with the secessionist Berbian Socialist Republic lasting from 1940 to 1949.

The war is generally divided into two phases: from 1940 to 1944, the Communists rapidly overwhelmed rural Rostanistan, and the Berbian Socialist Republic (BSR) controlled an enclave in eastern Rostanistan while royal forces held out in the urban areas. From 1944 to 1949, after a failed and costly invasion of Wasgali, the communists switched to a prolonged guerilla warfare campaign while the BSR collapsed.

The KR gained control of the country and reestablished the Kingdom in 1947, forcing the leadership of the BSR to retreat to an unknown location. both tacitly ceased fire in 1949, after the signing of the Wasgali Treaty thereby ending the war.

Following the collapse of the Masul Sultanate and the 1899 Revolution, Kasim Juba assumed the monarchy of the newly formed Kingdom of Rostanistan, and was shortly thereafter succeeded by Alsayed Juba.

In 1923, Juba sent Mohammed al-Ramann, one of his lieutenants for a purge of suspected communists. Over 2,000 people were executed for sympathising or being communists.

Beginning of hostilities

On 1 August 1927, the communist Rostani Workers' Party launched an uprising in Mazua against the royal government in Wasgali. This conflict led to the creation of the Army of Rostanistan (AR), a force comprised of sympathisers within the military, peasant conscripts and mercenaries. On 21 July, the main forces of the AR left Mazua and headed southwards for an assault on the royal armoury of Yakoota. Royal forces quickly reoccupied Mazua while the remaining members of the RWP in Mazua went into hiding. A RWP meeting on 9 August confirmed the objective of the party was to seize the nation by force, but the RWP was quickly suppressed the next day on 10 August by the government in Mazua.

Communist forces parading through the recently-occupied Mazua.

General Hassan Nafeyaz, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Army, emerged from the Mazua Uprising as the leader and planner of the campaign. Attempts were later made by the RWP to take the cities of Eswaribad, Kakarodu and Mazua. The AR consisting of mutinous former Royal Army soldiers as well as armed peasants established control over several areas in southern Rostanistan. Royal forces continued to attempt to suppress the rebellions. Then, in September, RWP general Sasanha Qumis was forced out of Eswaribad in a total rout of the AR, losing his life in the process. September also saw an unsuccessful armed rural insurrection, known as the 21 Islands Uprising, led by Naemotollah Kadir. In November, Alsayed Juba went to Wasgali and invited forces led by Mofasa Altek to join him. On 21 December, the RWP started the Ouradou Uprising, establishing a puppet state named the Berbian Socialist Republic (BSR) there the next day, but the city was attacked in December under the orders of General Mohammed Badr. There were now two capitals in Rostanistan: the internationally recognized royal capital in Wasgali and the BSR regime at Ouradou, which would remain the BSR's capital for the remainder of its existence.

In late 1942, Juba launched a campaign that involved the systematic encirclement of the BSR-held Badir region with a combined-arms assault involving light tank divisions, artillery barrages, and multiple infantry divisions. Unlike previous campaigns in which they employed a single strike, this time the Royal troops patiently encircled Badir, each attack group separated by about twelve kilometres, to surround the Communist areas and cut off their supplies, escape routes and food sources.

Brutal urban fighting broke out between the advancing Royal forces and Communists, resulting in heavy casualties and extensive damage to the regional capital, Badira.

Royal forces scaling a dried-out canal.