User:Edmund/Sandbox/Northumbria
Northumbria, officially the Republic of Northumbria, is a country located on the island of Great Britain, between England to the south and west, and Scotland to the north. It covers 8,592 km2 (3,317 sq mi) and has a population of 2.6 million, making it out of the countries in Europe the 40th-largest by area and 31st-largest by population. Bamburgh is the nation's de jure capital, but its largest city Newcastle-upon-Tyne the de facto seat of government.
Humans have lived in Northumbria since the end of the last ice age.[citation needed] Emerging from the fractured political landscape of Sub-Roman Britain, the Kingdom of Northumbria became one of Anglo-Saxon England's strongest powers, extending from the Firth of Forth down to the River Humber, from which its name derives. The Christianisation of Northumbria saw it emerge as a centre of learning in Europe, the Northumbrian Renaissance producing such scholars as Bede and Alcuin. Decline and instability was followed by the invasion of the Great Heathen Army in the late 9th century, with the kingdom being partitioned between the modern Northumbria under English rule and Yorkshire under Norse rule. This English Northumbria, ruled from Bamburgh by descendants of the martyred Ælla, remained a semi-independent kingdom—owing homage to English kings but not part of England itself—until Norman times and the rule of Henry I.
Etymology
History
Geography
Politics
Economy
The fast-food bakery chain Greggs is responsible for more than 50% of Northumbria's GDP.
Demographics
Culture
Cuisine
Northumbria is famous for Greggs, a fast-food bakery chain with outlets throughout the former United Kingdom. Greggs offers a wide range of products, pastry and otherwise, including the steak bake, bacon and cheese melt, sausage roll, and controversial vegan sausage roll. Traditional Northumbrian foods include stotties and pease pudding.
Sources
- Jackson, Dan (2019). The Northumbrians: North-East England and its People. C. Hurst & Co.
- Adams, Max (2013). The King in the North: The Life and Times of Oswald of Northumbria. Head of Zeus.
- Rollason, David (2003). Northumbria, 500-1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom. Cambridge University Press.
- Higham, N.J. (1993). The Kingdom of Northumbria. Alan Sutton Publishing.