Northian grammar
Northian grammar is highly synthetic.
Erani-Eracuran derivation and ablaut
Ablaut is a system of vowel apophony, altering the quality or quantity of vowels but not their lexical meaning, that affects most classes of words in Northian. The system is most prominent in substantives, i.e. nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Though ablaut was transparent in reconstructed Proto-Erani-Eracuran, it has been obscured by sound change and analogical replacement in the process of its evolution into Proto-Nordic-Northian and subsequently Galic Northian, the oldest attested stage of the Northian language. In particular, the erosion of consonant clusters and sound change in unaccented and coda vowels in the immediate prehistory of Galic has made many inflectional endings unrecognizable, yet protected by poetic metre and strict tradition, Galic texts retain many archaicisms. These processes have not occurred to the same extent in the Epic language, but there the word forms were subject to more rigorous regularization.
It is generally accepted that there was a fairly rigorous system of derivation in Proto-Erani-Eracuran, extending lexical roots by various affixes, before attaching inflectional endings. In this way, roots representing abstract meanings gave rise to nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
Nouns
m-stems
This class is known from only three but important nouns, θéɣõ "earth", žyõ "winter", and dõ "house".
n-stems
HD mon PD mn AS mn
r-stems
AS tr HD ter
l-stems
s-stems
i-stems
u-stems
r/n-stems
sāwwō
The noun sāwwō hʷweīŋ "sun" continues the PEE heteroclitic stem in -l/n-. The nominative is due to assimilation of approximants. Genitive shows influence from r/n-stems, for expected *hwēn < *swens.