Law Enforcement in Morrawia

Law enforcement in Morrawia is one of three major components of the criminal justice system of Morrawia, along with courts and corrections. Although each component operates semi-independently, the three collectively form a chain leading from an investigation of suspected criminal activity to the administration of criminal punishment.

There are more than 220,000 sworn law enforcement officers now serving in Morrawia, which is the highest figure ever; about 12 percent of those are women. Law enforcement operates primarily through governmental police agencies. There are 7,491 police agencies in the Republic of Morrawia which include local police departments, provincial forces, and federal law enforcement agencies. The law enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of the results of investigations to state or federal prosecutors, and the temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action. Law enforcement agencies, to varying degrees at different levels of government and in different agencies, are also commonly charged with the responsibilities of deterring criminal activity and preventing the successful commission of crimes in progress. Other duties may include the service and enforcement of warrants, writs, and other orders of the courts.

Law enforcement agencies are also involved in providing first response to emergencies and other threats to public safety; the protection of certain public facilities and infrastructure, such as private property; the maintenance of public order; the protection of public officials; and the operation of some detention facilities (usually at the local level).

Types of federal law enforcement

Policing in Morrawia is conducted by "around 7,500 federal, provincial and local law enforcement agencies, all with their own rules". Every province has its own nomenclature for agencies, and their powers, responsibilities and funding vary from province to province. 2015 census data from the National Statistics Bureau revealed that this constitutes:

• 21 federal agencies
• 10 primary provincial law enforcement agencies
• 94 other provincial agencies
• 526 special jurisdiction agencies
• 6,852 municipal, county and special police departments

Federal

At the federal level, there exists both federal police, who possess full federal authority as given to them under Code of the Republic of Morrawia (Z.M.R.), and federal law enforcement agencies, who are authorized to enforce various laws at the federal level. Both police and law enforcement agencies operate at the highest level and are endowed with police roles; each may maintain a small component of the other (for example, the Bureau of Border Investigations). The agencies have jurisdiction in all provinces. Most federal agencies are limited by the Morrawian Code to investigating only matters that are explicitly within the power of the federal government. However, federal investigative powers have become very broad in practice, especially since the passage of the Homeland Security Act of 1965, which was passed after the attempted coup in 1964. There are also federal law enforcement agencies, such as the Morrawian Rangers, that are granted state arrest authority off primary federal jurisdiction.

The Ministry of Justice (MS) is responsible for most law enforcement duties at the federal level. It includes the Federal Investigation Bureau (FWÚ), the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FÚN), Federal Bureau of Internal Affairs (FÚWZ), President Service of Morrawia (MPS), the Federal Prisons Authrority (FÚW), and others.

The Ministry of Immigration & Border Affairs (MPPW) is another branch with 4 federal law enforcement agencies reporting to it. Bureau of Immigration & Citizenship, Border Protection and Customs Enforcement Bureau, Border Patrol of Morrawia and Bureau of Border Investigations are some of the agencies that report to MPPW.

There is also Coast Guard of Morrawia of Morrawia, which is under the Ministry of Defense.

At a crime or disaster scene affecting large numbers of people, multiple jurisdictions, or broad geographic areas, many police agencies may be involved by mutual aid agreements. For example, Federal Emergency Response Service (FSNO) under the Ministry of the Interior responded to the Hurricane Julia natural disaster. The command in such situations remains a complex and flexible issue and is usually the responsibility of multitude of law enforcement agencies.

In accordance with the federal structure of the government of Morrawia, the national (federal) government is not necessary prohibited from executing general police powers by the Constitution of the the Republic of Morrawia, though the government never utilized this ability. The power to have a police force is given to each of the Morrawia´s 28 provinces. The Morrawian Constitution gives the federal government the power to deal with foreign affairs and interstate affairs (affairs between the states). For police, this means that if a non-federal crime is committed in a Morrawian province and the fugitive does not flee the province, the federal government has no jurisdiction. However, once the fugitive crosses a provincial line, he violates the federal law of interstate flight and is subject to federal jurisdiction, at which time federal law enforcement agencies may become involved.

Provincial

Most provinces operate prvincewide law enforcement agencies that provide law enforcement duties, including investigations and province patrols. They may be called provincial police or highway patrol, and are normally part of the provincial Ministry of Public Services. In addition, the Attorney General's office of each state has its own state bureau of investigation, such as in South Banawia with the South Banawia Ministry of Justice.

Various departments of provincial governments may have their own enforcement divisions, such as parliament police, provincial hospitals, departments of correction, environmental (fish and game/wildlife) conservation officers. For example, in Zapadoslawia, the Ministry of Education has its own investigative branch.

County

The county law enforcement is provided by county police departments or civil guards. They operate only in their counties, though they can cross county lines if necessary.

Municipal

Municipal or Local police departments range from one-officer agencies (sometimes still called the town marshals) to the 17,000 person-strong Králowec Police Department, which has its own counterterrorism agency. Most municipal agencies take the form (Municipality Name) Police Department. Most municipalities have their own police departments.

Metropolitan departments, such as the Kalmary Metropolitan Police Department, have jurisdiction covering multiple communities and municipalities, often over a wide area, and typically share geographical boundaries within one or more cities or counties. Metropolitan departments have usually been formed by a merger between local agencies, typically several local police departments and often the local police department or office, in efforts to provide greater efficiency by centralizing command and resources and to resolve jurisdictional problems, often in communities experiencing rapid population growth and urban sprawl, or in neighboring communities too small to afford individual police departments. Some county police departments, such as the North Veligrad County Police Department and South Veligrad County Police Department, are contracted to provide full police services to local cities within their counties.

Tawuii Police

Although Tawuii has its own provincial police force, it is greatly limited due to Tawuii being an archipelago. It has headquarter on every island and it cooperates with Coast Guard of Morrawia, which has special powers in the province. There are two county police departments and every island has its own special Island Guard, which serves as a primary police force in Tawuii. Cities and villages and towns have their own municipal police officers. The province also has extensive Marine Divisions of the Island Guard departments to guard all of its shores alongside Coast Guard.

The history of a centralized law enforcement in Tawuii dates back to 1701, when governor Welibor Gardel of Veligrad created Imperial Civil Guard units on each islands comprised of Morrawians but also native population. They were all reporting to a Office of the Imperial Governor in the colonial de facto capital of Shimooto.

In the first years of the republic, there was no certainty, that the overseas territory will remain Morrawian. After the situation throughout the country stablized and it became clear that Nowé Zámoří (renamed Tawuii in 1957), Federal Congress was trying to establish law enforcement department on the islands. They took inspiration from the previous system and established Territorial Gendarmerie of Nowé Zámoṙí in 1869 with every island having a sub-autonomous division of this agency, which communicates with the rest via great fleet of ships. In 1904, Island Guard Bureau was established, which became the main law enforcement body in Tawuii. This is almost the exact system used today, although slightly altered throughout the years, especially in 1972, when Tawuii became a province and provincial police departments replaced gendarmerie. Also in 1972, Coast Guard became the part of the law and order in Tawuii, gaining special previlages, that usually are given to regular police officers.

Other

There are other types of specialist law enforcement agency with varying jurisdictions. Most of these serve special-purpose districts and are known as special district police. In some provinces, they serve as little more than security police, but in provinces such as Bohemia, special district forces are composed of fully sworn police officers with provincewide authority.

These agencies can be transit police, school district police, airport police, harbour police, railroad police, park police or police detectives responsible for protecting government property, such as the former Berno Government Police. Some agencies, such as the Port Authority of Králowec, have multi-province powers. There are also some private police agencies, such as the Morrawian Civil Service of Safety or Nutra Department of Law Enforcement. These are private organizations, which are officially recognized by the Ministry of Justice.

Purpose

Textbooks and scholars have identified three primary police agency functions. These mainly are:
Order maintenance This is the broad mandate to keep the peace or otherwise prevent behaviors which might disturb others. This can deal with things ranging from a barking dog to a fist-fight. It must be noted that police are usually called-on to "handle" these situations with discretion, rather than deal with them as strict violations of law, though of course their authority to deal with these situations is based in violations of law.

Law enforcement These powers are typically used only in cases where the law has been violated and a suspect must be identified and apprehended. Most obvious instances include robbery, murder, or burglary. This is the popular notion of the main police function, but the frequency of such activity is dependent on geography and season.

Service Services may include rendering first aid, providing tourist information, guiding the disoriented, or acting as educators (on topics such as preventing drug use). One study which showed 75% of all calls for police assistance did not involve crimes, but this may not be the case in all parts of the country. Because police agencies are traditionally available year-round, 24 hours a day, citizens call upon police departments not only in times of trouble but also when just inconvenienced. As a result, police services may include roadside auto assistance, providing referrals to other agencies, finding lost pets or property, or checking locks on vacationers' homes.

History

The history of policing in Morrawia began in the middle ages, when noblemen hired knights to protect their lands in exchange for great riches and even the piece of land. This arrangement stayed relatively the same until 19th century, when, under direct order of the Emperor Joseph III., the Imperial Senate passed National Police Act of 1809, which created the first national police force in Morrawia. The country was divided into 57 jurisdictions with a Police Marshal appointed by the Emperor in each jurisdiction. This police force called National Police of the Empire of Morrawia was a fairly efficient force, though quite corrupted. The corruption was shown on the full display in 1852, when many police officers and even marshals supported the newly declared Republic of Morrawia during the Great Morrawian Revolution and even fought for them.

The police force was subsequently disbanded in 1856 after the empire was finally defeated and republic ruled supreme. From that point police forces were delegated to federal provinces as one of their primary responsibilities. In 1908, Morrawia was in the middle of the war, The Great War. In response to increased terrorist and sobotage attacks by the enemy nations, Federal Congress approved of making federal agency, that would serve as a defense agency in times of war and regular law enforcement agency in the times of peace. Thus on the 15th of July 1908 with the passage of Federal Law Enforcement & Protection Act, the Federal Investigation Bureau was established. Before that, several ministries had their investigative divisions such as the National Park Service or Bureau of Children´s Services, though none of these was solely under Ministry of Justice carrying duties revolving federal law. Throughout the 20th century, many federal and provincial agencies popped up in the country as a call for either increasing need for national security (Such as Foreign Intelligence Agency in 1946) or just being creating as a natural evolution (Federal Bureau of Narcotics being created in 1967 by merging of the Bureau of Dangerous Substances and the Bureau of Alcohol).

In the 1990s, many law enforcement agencies began to adopt community policing strategies, and others adopted problem-oriented policing. In the 1990s, N.E.K.A. (Národní Ewidence Kriminálních Aktiwit) was developed by the Kalmary Police Department as an information-based system for tracking and mapping crime patterns and trends, and holding police accountable for dealing with crime problems. N.E.K.A, and other forms of information-led policing, have since been replicated in police departments across Morrawia.

Equipment

Vehicles
Uniforms
Firearms
Specialized weapons
Body armor
Aditional equipment