Scotatrova

Scotatrovian People's Republic Repuvlia eh’Oneix Scotatrofina
Flag
Motto: “United We Stand”
Anthem: We Are Scotatrova
Capital and largest city	Muse
Official languages	Scotatrovian
Recognised regional languages	Accean, Avarian, Cadecian, Vulran
Demonym(s)	Scotatrovian
Government	Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President	Iago Íase
• Vice-President	Saul Ernanse
• President of the Chamber of Deputies	Françisque Cardenas
• President of the Senate	Cristina Alguacil
History
• Foundation	September 24, 1443
• Empire	May 3, 1615
• Scotatrovian First Republic	December 18, 1842
• National Scotatrovian Republic	January 25, 1910
• Modern Republic	August 17, 1915
Area
• Total	1,237,536 km2 (477,815 sq mi)
• Water (%)	1.74%
Population
• 2022 estimate	267,432,713
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	Ⱦ9.502 trillion
• Per capita	Ⱦ35,530
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	Ⱦ8.475 trillion
• Per capita	Ⱦ31,692
HDI	0.881 very high
Currency	Troyevan (Ⱦ)(STR)
Time zone	UTC+0 to +1 (WET)
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy
Calling code	34
Internet TLD	.sct

Scotatrova (Scotatrovian: Scotatrófidna), officially the Scotatrovian People's Republic (Scotatrovian: Repuvlia eh'Oneix Scotatrofina), is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe. The European area of Scotatrova extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the Evestish Channel and the North Sea, and to the Atlantic Ocean. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of Gana, the Romosea Islands and the Neal Isles in the Mediterranean, all autonomous regions with their own regional governments. On the mainland, it is bordered on the east by Ithra and on the northeast by Lotheria and Aelvenia. Scotatrova spans 1,237,536 square kilometers (477,168 sq mi) and has a total population of about 267.4 million. It is a presidential republic with the capital in Muse, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial center. Other major urban centers include Agon, Viratis, Engium, Ordium, Saluto and Atlona.

The territory of modern Scotatrova has been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. Native Roaseran culture along with ancient Tarazedian settlements developed on the Roaseran peninsula until it came under Rodraic rule around 600 BC, after which the region was named Hescettgovas. As Rodraic rule waned in the peninsula, the Altherians would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula. In the early 4th century the Altherian Kingdom fell to the Osfenars of the Second Osphenian Empire, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 539, leaving only a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting up to six centuries in the Osfenar realm of Alfaraz. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Roaseran Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Ourenta, Kingdom of Elejalde, Kingdom of Cadecia and Kingdom of Avaria as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. Following the Osfenar conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Age of Vanquishment, which by the mid 15th century culminated in the emergence of Scotatrova as a unified country.

In the early modern period, expansion of the Kingdom of Scotatrova led to it becoming a major power within Europe and various conflicts with it's neighbor, Aelvenia. A crisis following the invasion of Scotatrova by it's autonomous region Salonisti led to the what was known as the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War. The war ended with a Scotatrovian victory in 1612. At the same time, the Scotatrovian Empire was established and began to expand across the ocean, marking the beginning of the Golden Age of Scotatrova, during which, from the early 1600s to the 1820s, Scotatrova was among the most powerful states in the world. This empire would leave a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +1 billion Hescettgophones, making Scotatrovian the world's second-most spoken native language.

In the mid-19th century, Scotatrova gradually lost much of its wealth and status as the Ergonians took an increasing share of trade by surrounding or conquering the widely scattered Scotatrovian posts and territories. The Scotatrovian Empire overseas quickly disintegrated with the Scotatrovian American wars of independence, resulting in the loss of its American colonies, starting with the colony of Atzlana in 1821. A tenuous balance between liberal and conservative forces was struck into the establishment of the first republic from 1842–1910 but brought no lasting solution, and a coup d'etat in 1910 installed a Fascist government that plunged Scotatrova into Civil War between Republicans and Fascists. A new democratic government instituted sweeping liberal reforms and granted independence to Scotatrova's African and Asian colonies in 1956. The post-war decades were relatively stable, and the country experienced rapid economic growth in the 1960s and early 1970s and remains a strong economic, cultural, military and political factor in the 21st century.

Scotatrova is now a secular parliamentary democracy and developed country with a high-income advanced economy and high living standard. The country performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, civil liberties, ease of doing business, job security, government transparency and human development. Scotatrova remains a great power in the world with one of the world's largest economies.

Etymology

The origins of the Ancient Rodrehal name Hescettgovas, from which the modern name Scotatrófidna was derived, are uncertain due to inadequate evidence. The origin of the word Hescettgovas is much disputed and the evidence for the various speculations are based merely upon what are at best mere resemblances, likely to be accidental, and suspect supporting evidence. It is documented that the Vulrans referred to the region as Scetrafa, therefore this is the most widely accepted ideology.

It may also derive from the Ancient Rodrehal הסכתקב (He-Scetqavas) meaning "Coast of the Hawks" or "Land of the Hawks", a reference to Scotatrova's location at the end of the Mediterranean. Rodraic coins circa 159 AD in the region show show a female figure with a hawk by her side, thus dubbing the region "Coast of the Hawks". There is a claim that "Hescettgovas" derives from the Vulran word Eztrova meaning "edge" or "border", another reference to the fact that the Roaseran Peninsula constitutes the southwest corner of the European continent.

History

Main Article: History of Scotatrova

Rodraic Settlement (601 BC – 165)

Starting around 601 BC, the Rodraiths began to make their way to Roasera from North Africa. They settled all along the east coast of the peninsula and made their way inland over time. The peoples whom the Rodraiths met at the time of their invasion in what is now known as Scotatrova were the native Roaserans, inhabiting an area stretching from the northeast part of the Roaseran Peninsula through the southeast. The first major colony they had established is located in the modern day city of Ordium before other colonies were established towards the interior of the Roaseran peninsula and founded the modern capital city of Muse. The Rodraic Roaseran Wars were fought between the advancing legions of the Rodraiths and the tribes of Roaserans from 593 to 582 BC. The Rodraic conquest of the peninsula was completed in 579 BC.

Hescettgovas was the name used for Scotatrova under Rodraic rule from the 6th century BC. The populations of the peninsula were gradually culturally Rodrenized, and local leaders were admitted into the Rodraic aristocratic class. The Rodraiths improved existing cities, such as Engium, and established others like Muse, Ursand, Oleria, Osir, Amar and Promethia. The peninsula's economy expanded under Rodraic tutelage. Hescettgovas supplied the Rodraiths with food, olive oil, wine and metal. Scotatrova's present languages, its religion, and the basis of its laws originate from this period. The centuries of uninterrupted Rodraic rule and settlement left a deep and enduring imprint upon the culture of Scotatrova.

Altherian Scotatrova (165 – 539)

The Altherian Kingdom conquered all of Roasera and ruled it until the 6th century, when the peninsula fell to the Osfenar conquests. The Osfenar state in Roasera came to be known as Alfaraz. After a period of Osfenar dominance, the medieval history of Scotatrova is dominated by the long Age of Vanquishment of the Roaseran Peninsula from Osfenar rule. The Age of Vanquishment gathered momentum during the 11th century, leading to the establishment of the Christian kingdoms of Ourenta, Avaria and Cadecia and by 1213, had reduced Osfenar control to the south-east of the peninsula. Osfenar rule survived until 1227, when it fell to the christian kingdoms.

Importantly, Scotatrova never saw a decline in interest in classical culture. The Altherians, having assimilated Rodraic culture during their tenure, tended to maintain more of the old Rodraic institutions, and they had a unique respect for legal codes that resulted in continuous frameworks and historical records for most of the period between 165, when Altherian rule in Scotatrova began, and 539, when it is traditionally said to end. The proximity of the Altherian kingdoms to the Mediterranean and the continuity of western Mediterranean trade, though in reduced quantity, supported Altherian culture.

The Altherians inherited from Late Antiquity a sort of feudal system in Scotatrova, based in the south on the Rodraic villa system and in the north drawing on their vassals to supply troops in exchange for protection. The bulk of the Altherian army was composed of slaves, raised from the countryside. The loose council of nobles that advised Scotatrova's Altherian kings and legitimized their rule was responsible for raising the army, and only upon its consent was the king able to summon soldiers.

The impact of Altherian rule was not widely felt on society at large; they tended to rule as barbarians of a mild sort, uninterested in the events of the nation and economy, working for personal benefit, and little literature remains to us from the period. They did not, until the period of Osfenar rule, merge with the Scotatrovian population, preferring to remain separate, and indeed the Altherian language left only the faintest mark on the modern languages of Scotatrova.

The most visible effect was the depopulation of the cities as they moved to the countryside. Even while the country enjoyed a degree of prosperity, the Altherians felt little reason to contribute to the welfare, permanency, and infrastructure of their people and state. This contributed to their downfall, as they could not count on the loyalty of their subjects when the Osfenars arrived in the 8th century.

Osfenar Alfaraz and the Age of Vanquishment (539 – 1227)

The Osfenar conquest of Scotatrova was the expansion of the Second Osfenar Empire over Roasera, largely extending from 539 to 583. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Altherian Kingdom and the establishment of the State of Osphenian Alfaraz, or Ausfonaïle-Alfaraz, under Abdaile Quentyn III. The conquest marks the westernmost expansion of Osphen into Europe. Roasera was, but the westernmost tip of the Second Osfenar Empire. In 548, the emperor even considered abandoning the territory. Only a handful of new small Christian realms managed to reassert their authority across the faraway mountainous north and west of the peninsula.

Forces commanded by Alçert Zürez disembarked in early 539 at the head of an army consisting almost exclusively of Osfenar (south eastern Europe). Alçert Zürez led an approximately 1,700-strong raiding force from North Africa to southern Scotatrova. However, 12,000 seems a more accurate figure. The people of Alfaraz did not observe them, thinking that the vessels crossing and recrossing were similar to the trading vessels which for their benefit plied backwards and forwards. They defeated the Altherian army, led by King Ivan, in a decisive battle at Cavada in 540. Zürez's forces were then reinforced by those of his superior, Beleraphon Délirer, and both took control of most of Roasera with an army estimated at approximately 10,000–15,000 combatants.

In 542, Beleraphon Délirer headed west to overrun the western regions with no relevant or attested opposition. During the period of the second Minister Ali Sokmen of Bokat (542-544), the principal urban centers of Cadecia surrendered. In 542, he advanced and overran Celetor, the western Eparogish regions, Malhada, and as far west as Oleria or Osir, where an Osfenar governor was appointed with no relevant or attested opposition. The northern areas of the kingdoms drew little attention to the conquerors and were hard to defend when taken. At this time, Osfenar troops reached Zanandea, and the Cadecian town submitted after a compromise was brokered with Osfenar commanders to respect the town and its inhabitants, a practice that was common in many towns. The Osfenar troops met little resistance. Considering that era's communication capabilities, three years was a reasonable time spent reaching western Eparoge, after making the necessary arrangements for the towns' submissions and their future governance.

An early governor of Ausfonaïle-Alfaraz, Meira Cetin, spread the rule of the Second Osfenar Empire up to southern borders of Eparoge, and the western half of the peninsula, pacifying most of the territory and initiating in 545 the first forays across the Pyrenees. In addition, she laid out the foundations of Osfenar civil administration in Alfaraz, by sending civil administration officials (judges) to conquered towns and lands guarded by garrisons established usually next to the population nuclei. Moreover, Meira restored lands to their previous Christian landowners, which may have added greatly to the revenue of the Osfenar governors. The task of establishing a civil administration in conquered Alfaraz was essentially completed by the governor Sana Demirbas 10 years later.

Rebellions swept Alfaraz under Trayanos Kélin's term as governor. Reinforcements were then called from the other end of the Mediterranean in a military capacity. The rebellions were quelled in blood, and the Osfenar commanders came up reinforced after 570. Different factions reached an agreement to alternate in office, but this didn't last long, since Milanos Mopatis (opposed to the Osfenars) remained in power up to his defeat by Ali Kemal Sherif in 584, and the establishment of the independent Province of Alfaraz. In 584, south and central Alfaraz (Muse, Amara) were in the hands of Ali Kemal Sherif, but it took still 25 years for him to hold sway over the Upper Marches. By the mid-10th century Alfaraz was the only Osfenar realm in Scotatrova, which would last until 1227. Despite the decline in Osfenar-controlled kingdoms, it is important to note the lasting effects exerted on the peninsula by the Osfenar in technology, culture, and society. By 866, Alfaraz lost ground to the Christian realms in the north the loss of Atlona in 913 was a major victory for the Christian realms. By 1213, nearly all of Roasera was back under Christian rule with the exception of the Mediterranean coast, and was finally recaptured in 1227.

Scotatrovian Language and Universities (1227 – 1424)

In the 13th century, many languages were spoken in the Christian kingdoms of Roasera. These were the languages of Scotatrovian, Avarian, Cadecian and Vulran. Throughout the century, Scotatrovian gained a growing prominence in the Kingdom of Avaria as the language of culture and communication, at the expense of Avarian and of other close dialects. At the same time, Cadecian and Vulran became the standard languages in their respective territories, developing important literary traditions and being the normal languages in which public and private documents were issued. Many universities were founded in Avaria and in Elejalde. They were among the earliest universities in Europe. In the 14th century, the most important among all of the separate Christian kingdoms that made up the old Hescettgovas were the Kingdom of Avaria (occupying northern and central portions of the Roaseran Peninsula) and the Kingdom of Elejalde (occupying northeastern portions of the peninsula). The rulers of the kingdoms of Avaria and Elejalde were allied with dynastic families in other neighboring kingdoms.

Dynastic Union (1424 – 1443)

The death of King Manuel V of Avaria in 1424 set off a struggle for power called the War of the Avarian Succession (1425–29). Contenders for the throne of Avaria were Manuel's one-time heir Juliana I, supported by the Kingdom of Cadecia and by the Avarian nobility, and Manuel's half-sister Sybil of Avaria, supported by Apfrenna and Eparoge. Juliana retained the throne and ruled jointly with her husband, King Alexander IV of Cadecia. Juliana and Alexander had married in 1429. Their marriage united both crowns and set the stage for the creation of the Kingdom of Scotatrova, at the dawn of the modern era. That union, however, was a union in title only, as each region retained its own political and judicial structure. Pursuant to an agreement signed by Juliana and Alexander on September 24, 1443, Juliana held more authority over the newly unified Scotatrova than her husband, although their rule was shared. Together, Juliana of Avaria and Alexander of Cadecia were known as Lí Amliges "The Monarchs".

Birth of a Kingdom (1443 – 1512)

The monarchs oversaw the conquest of the archipelagos of Gana and the Romosea Islands. Although until the 13th century religious minorities (Jews and Muslims) had enjoyed considerable tolerance in Avaria and Cadecia – the only Christian kingdoms where Jews were not restricted from any professional occupation – the situation of the Jews collapsed over the 15th century, reaching a climax in 1493 with large scale massacres in every major city. This became known as The Scotatrova Wars of Religion. The war, primarily fought between the Roman Catholics and the Jews and Muslims, came to a close after monarch Eric I issued the Edict of Ordium in 1502.

Before Scotatrova was caught in it's religious civil war, the kingdom continued on with its conquest of neighboring kingdoms and was at war with the Kingdom of Eparoge in 1482 after defeating and absorbing the Kingdom of Apfrenna in 1475. With Eparoge's eventual defeat in 1487, contact with Aelvenia had occurred as a result of Scotatrovian expansion in the late 1480's. Eventually, both nations come to a dispute over their shared border and Scotatrova eventually declared war on July 18, 1490.

This became known as the Contact War, which concluded with a Scotatrovian victory and cession of Aelvenian lands under the Treaty of Ugion on February 17, 1510. In 1508, King Eric allowed the Southern region of Scotatrova, referred to as Salonisti, to become it's own autonomous region and exercise their right to self-government with limits. Salonisti was left alone as Scotatrova fought a war in the North, but expansionist and nationalist ideals led to an invasion of Scotatrova on March 26, 1512, which began the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War.

Scotatrovian Hundred Year War (1512 – 1612)

The Scotatrovian population suffered much from these wars. It has been argued that the difficult conditions the Scotatrovian population suffered during the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War awakened Scotatrovian nationalism. Although this is debatable, the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War is remembered more as a war against a sovereign entity than as a civil war. During this war, Scotatrova evolved politically and militarily. Although the Scotatrovian army was successful at the Battle of Zanandea (1521), the humiliating defeats of Muse (1512) and Atlona (1514) forced the Scotatrovian nobility to realize they could not stand just as armored knights without an organised army. King Brendan I (reigned 1583-1615) defeated Salonisti once at Sumanthal (1589) and again, using cannons at Arcano (1593). Scotatrova also managed to repel an attempted Aelvenian invasion in 1609. The Battle of Ebinon (1612) was regarded as the last engagement of this "war", yet much of Scotatrova remained ruled by Salonisti. The fall of the Salonisti Armada is said to be the final engagement of the war, with Salonisti unable to continue the war effort. After the end of the Hundred Year War, Scotatrova slowly recovered from the disaster and a period in which tensions between Aelvenia and Scotatrova were at their peak became known as "The Three Centuries of Aggression".

Imperial Scotatrova (1612 – 1723)

Scotatrova soon began to expand beyond the borders of Europe. The Scotatrovian Empire was one of the first modern global empires. It was also one of the largest empires in world history. Scotatrovian imperial conquest and colonization began with an expedition to North Africa in 1615. 34,000 troops landed in North Africa on April 28, 1615. The Scotatrovians continued to conquer the region for years until completion in 1635. As Scotatrova expanded into both North Africa, it was hindered by a large plague outbreak in 1629. It was first described in medical journals as early as 1622. The initial outbreak began in Atlona in May of 1629 and there was previous smaller outbreaks in and around the city before it was officially noticed. It is unknown where or when exactly the disease originated. Health officials reported it may have infected people as early as February.

The territories of the Romosea Islands, Neal Isles and Gana were also affected. An approximate 400,000 - 700,000 people were killed in the plague. By 1637, the empire had recovered and reached the Southern coast of Africa and the Americas in 1640. In the 17th and 18th centuries, trade flourished across the Atlantic between Scotatrova and the Americas. The conquerors deposed the Yoxumá and Lacsha governments with extensive help from local factions and laid claim to vast stretches of land in North and South America.

This empire was at first a disappointment, as the natives had little to trade, though settlement did encourage trade. Diseases such as smallpox and measles that arrived with the colonizers devastated the native populations, especially in the densely populated regions of the Yoxumá and Lacsha civilizations, and this reduced the economic potential of conquered areas.

In the 1680s, large-scale extraction of silver and silver shipments from the rich deposits of Atzlana re-oriented the Scotatrovian economy, leading to the importation of luxuries and grain. By 1704, Scotatrova had entered Asia and more aggressive expansionist campaigns in the colonies expanded Scotatrovian influence heavily and quickly. The resource-rich colonies of Scotatrvova thus caused large cash inflows for the country. Scotatrova enjoyed a cultural golden age in the 16th and 17th centuries. For a time, the Scotatrovian Empire dominated the oceans with its experienced navy and ruled the European battlefield with its fearsome and well trained infantry. The financial burden within the peninsula was on the backs of the peasant class while the nobility enjoyed an increasingly lavish lifestyle.

From the time beginning with the incorporation of North Africa in 1635 until the loss of its North and South American colonies in the 19th century, Scotatrova maintained the largest empire in the world even though it suffered fluctuating military and economic fortunes from the 1720s. Confronted by the new experiences, difficulties and suffering created by empire-building, Scotatrovian thinkers formulated some of the first modern thoughts on natural law, sovereignty, international law, war, and economics; there were even questions about the legitimacy of imperialism. Religion played a very strong role in the spread of the Scotatrovian empire. The thought that Scotatrova could bring Christianity to the Americas certainly played a strong role in the expansion of Scotatrova's empire.

Aelvenian-Scotatrovian War (1723 – 1749)

The Aelvenian-Scotatrovian War was by far the largest of the conflicts in the Three Centuries of Aggression and lasted from 1723-1749. Aelvenia claimed lands along the Scotatrovian border, to which Scotatrova refused to accept as true. Threats of invasion and reclamation of old territories forces Scotatrova to declare war on Aelvenia and lead an invasion. Scotatrovian forces pushed their way into Aelvenia, before occupying a great swath of land in the West. Morale in Aelvenia eventually dropped as they lost several major key battles and the war was easing towards Scotatrovian victory. Finally, peace was concluded with the Treaty of Agon in 1749 and Aelvenia lost once again. The Ergonians, who became Scotatrova's main source of competition after the defeat of Aelvenia, led invasions of many Scotatrovian colonies in Asia and competition for commercial interests in Africa and South America.

Decline of the Empire (1749 – 1842)

After the 18th century, Scotatrova gradually saw its wealth and influence decrease. Scotatrova lost all of its North and South American colonies in a complex series of revolts from 1817–37. Scotatrova was constantly at war with Ergonia, and the Ergonian Navy cut off its ties to its colonies. Scotatrova had no help from European powers. The colonies saw a struggle for power between Scotatrovians who were born in Scotatrova and those of Scotatrovian descent born in the colonies. These people were the activists for independence. Multiple revolutions enabled the colonies to break free of the mother country. In 1837, the armies of Rosario and Andenes defeated the last Scotatrovian forces. After that, Scotatrova played a minor role in international affairs. Scotatrova only kept its remaining colonies in Africa and Asia. The longevity and vast extent of the Empire ensured the lasting influence of language, culture, religion, and architecture on some of the Empire's descendants.

Scotatrovian First Republic (1842 – 1910)

The establishment of the Republic of Scotatrova was the result of a coup d'état which, on December 18, 1842, deposed the constitutional monarchy and established a republican regime in Scotatrova. The loss of much of it's empire, the royal family's expenses, the power of the Church, the political and social instability, an apparent inability to adapt to modern times – all contributed to an unrelenting erosion of the Scotatrovian monarchy.

The proponents of the republic, particularly the Advancement Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation. The Advancement Party presented itself as the only one that had a program that was capable of returning to the country its lost status and place Scotatrova on the way of progress. Political ideologies were intensely polarized, as both right and left saw vast evil conspiracies on the other side that had to be stopped.

The central issue was the role of the Catholic Church, which the left saw as the major enemy of modernity and the Scotatrovian people, and the right saw as the invaluable protector of Scotatrovian values. Under the First Scotatrovian Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time in 1884. The Republic devolved substantial autonomy to the overseas territories of Gana, the Romosea Islands and Neal Isles. Economic turmoil, substantial debt, and fractious, rapidly changing governing coalitions led to escalating political violence and attempted coups by right and left.

In 1896, the Christian Democratic Party won power. An armed rising of workers in October 1897, which reached its greatest intensity in Casturas and Cadecia, was forcefully put down by the government. This in turn energized political movements across the spectrum in Scotatrova, including a revived anarchist movement and new reactionary and fascist groups. Only months later, Scotatrova faced another anti-colonialist conflict in Bialya after attempting to expand the territory and the debate over whether or not to keep control of Bialya, then home to over one million settlers wracked the country and led to war. President Bryan Reyes managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war. Despite its military victory, Scotatrova granted independence to Bialyans with the Atlona Accords in 1905.

Fascist coup d'etat and Civil War (1910 – 1915)

The chronic political instability and government's neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots. A military coup of a fascist origin led by Richard Navarro, put an end to the unstable First Scotatrovian Republic and initiated the Confederation of Scotatrova, an authoritarian dictatorship. Opposition to the system came from all sides of the political spectrum from republicans, to socialists to liberals to nationalists. The military discontent, the fear of anarchist terrorism or a proletarian revolution, and the rise of nationalist movements ultimately caused great agitation among the government officials and the military.

President Richard Navarro proceeded to suspend the Constitution and assume absolute powers as a dictator. During this time, he lost the support of the military and faced serious health problems. After the proclamation of the Fascist government, riots erupted nationwide to what would become the deadliest in Scotatrovian history. The Scotatrovian Civil War was marked by numerous small battles and sieges between the leftist Republicans and the Fascists. The civil war did not escalate into a larger conflict, but did become an ideological battleground that pitted the left and many liberals against Catholics and conservatives. The war itself was extremely horrific.

There was a considerable amount of interference from other countries mainly because the war was a fight between the left and right factions. The government of fascist Aelvenia gave their support to the Fascists under President Navarro. Up until the outbreak of the war Navarro had amassed his troops in Southern Scotatrova. This began the forward push of Navarro. There was no other official aid from other countries.

Armored vehicles were used in formation to drive the enemy back. Propaganda was also widely used against the Republican supporters which broke a lot of their resolve. Air power played a significant part of the wear and included bombing of towns and other civilian targets. The Fascists did manage to train their own troops and they had become a good fighting force by the end of the conflict but it was not enough against the professional soldiers. There were some soldiers who defected from the army and went to fight for the Republicans but they were often suspected of being spies for the Fascists and their expertise was not made use of. Robert Arenas, leader of the Republican war effort, had taken all of the various Republican groups and unified them into a far stronger force than the Fascists that would eventually lead to their defeat. The war cost between 600,000 and 1,000,000 lives.

The Scotatrovian People's Republic (1915 – 1956)

After the war, broad democratic reforms were implemented, with the establishment of the Scotatrovian People's Republic. With the end of Robert Arenas's presidency in 1920, Adolfo Fuentes succeeded to the position of President of Scotatrova and head of state in accordance with the law. During the 1920s, the democratic restoration made possible a growing open society. New cultural movements based on freedom appeared and the conservative moral ideal (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) shifted towards a more liberal moral ideal (secularism, individualism, sexual revolution). Scotatrova began to rise as a developed economy, but faced several economic crises that resulted in high unemployment rates and increasing public debt.

During the 1930s Scotatrova faced economic crisis and allowed new immigrants (mostly from North Africa) to permanently settle in Scotatrova with their families and to acquire Scotatrovian citizenship. This lead a rise in immigration and a population of 100 million residents in 1935. Scotatrova also renounced the assimilation of immigrants, where they were expected to adhere to Scotatrovian traditional values and cultural norms. They were encouraged to retain their distinctive cultures and traditions and required merely to integrate. The proportion of Scotatrova's foreign born population increased rapidly from around 1 in 50 in 1940 to almost 1 in 8 in 1960.

The 1950's were a time of great social and cultural change. Youths, and students in particular, rejected traditional mores and pushed for change in matters such as women's rights, sexuality, disarmament and environmental issues. In 1956, a growing public pressure to carry out decolonisation led the way for the Scotatrovian government to grant independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, all of which became independent countries on a basis of equality. The retreat from the overseas territories prompted a mass exodus of Scotatrovian citizens from Scotatrova's African territories (mostly from Scotatrovian Betanga and Marobo). Nearly 5 million Scotatrovians or persons of Scotatrovian descent fled the former Scotatrovian provinces as white settlers were usually not considered part of the new identities of the former Scotatrovian colonies in Africa and Asia. With the 1956 independence of its colonies, the 341-year-old Scotatrovian Empire effectively ended. In the following decades, Scotatrova became a more multi-ethnic society than before.

Contemporary Period (1956 – Present)

Scotatrova had taken many great leaps in the mid to late 20th century, such as legalizing Abortion in 1948, Marijuana in 1981 and Same-Sex Marriage in 1995. During the 1960's and 1970's, Scotatrova's economy progressed considerably as a result of companies' easier access to foreign markets. Starting in the 1980's, Scotatrova experienced an economic boom lasting two decades. During the boom years, Scotatrova attracted a large number of immigrants, but also including unknown but substantial illegal immigration, mostly from Hescettgovian America, western Europe and north Africa.

On September 24, 2011, Scotatrova was struck by a terrorist attack when members of the nationalist group Liberators of Cadecia launched a series of simultaneous, coordinated attacks on several Scotatrovian cities when the nation was enjoying it's National Foundation Day celebrations, killing 1,216 people and injured more than 3,000. The federal government established new domestic efforts to prevent future attacks.

In 2013, the unpopularity of President Miguel Harrison, led to the election of Gavriel Marquesa. Political debate has continued over issues such as climate change, immigration, income inequality and foreign policy. In the Fall of 2017, Gavriel Marquesa was reelected to a second and final term. After a ten year term, Gavriel Marquesa was succeeded by Liberal Iago Íase in the 2022 presidential election against People's Forum opponent Silvia Rothrigese. While Scotatrova continues to revere its rich history and independence, Scotatrovian leaders increasingly tie the future of Scotatrova to the continued development of Europe. Today, Scotatrova remains a great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political influence.

Geography

Climate

The land area of Scotatrova is 477,168 m² (237,536 km²). Scotatrova possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the Alps in the south-east. At 4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level, the highest point in Western Europe, Mont Blanc, is situated in the Alps on the border between Scotatrova and Ithra. Scotatrova extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the Evestish Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Scotatrova is one of two countries to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines.

Due to the shape of the nation extending from South to North, it is commonly divided into two geographic regions, Estrania and Roasera. Roasera is the name for the peninsula in the south, and Estrania is the entire northern half of the country. Scotatrova experiences several broad climate zones: Semi-continental climate, Mediterranean climate, mountain (or alpine) climate, oceanic climate, and a semi arid climate. Scotatrovian territory is relatively extended, the climate is not uniform, it is possible to detail at a finer level and to distinguish the following climate nuances. The south has a Mediterranean climate that prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly oceanic with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and warm summers. Inland the climate becomes more continental with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The climate of the Alps and other mountainous regions is mainly alpine, with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months.

Environment

Although it is one of the most industrialized countries in the world, Scotatrova is ranked fairly low in carbon dioxide emissions, behind other less populous nations. This is due to Scotatrova's decision to invest in wind power, which now accounts for 56% of its electricity production and results in less pollution. As of 2020, Scotatrovian carbon dioxide emissions per capita were lower than that of many western nations. Forests account for much of Scotatrova's land area, and are some of the most diverse in Europe, comprising more than 140 species of trees. In terms of environmental performance, Scotatrova was ranked highly as one of the most environmentally conscious countries in the world in 2020.

There are many national and natural parks in Scotatrova, with the government planning to convert 20% of its Exclusive Economic Zone into a Marine Protected Area by 2030. A regional nature park RNP is a public establishment in Scotatrova between local authorities and the Scotatrovian national government covering an inhabited rural area of outstanding beauty, in order to protect the scenery and heritage as well as setting up sustainable economic development in the area. A RNP sets goals and guidelines for managed human habitation, sustainable economic development, and protection of the natural environment based on each park's unique landscape and heritage. The parks also foster ecological research programs and public education in the natural sciences.

Biodiversity

Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world: in Gana, and in particular on the island of Rodez, the northernmost of the Romosea Islands, there are large forests of endemic Laurisilva forests. Scotatrova is an important stopover for migratory birds where thousands of birds cross from Europe to Africa during the autumn or in the spring (return migration). Most of the avian species congregate along the Roaseran Peninsula since it is the closest stopover between Northern Europe and Africa. Six hundred bird species occur in Scotatrova (either for nesting or during the course of migration), and annually there are new registries of nesting species. The archipelagos of Gana and the Romosea Islands are transient stopover for American, European, and African birds, while continental Scotatrova mostly encounters European and African bird species.

There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes. Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss, pollution and drought. Up-welling along the west coast of Scotatrova makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Scotatrova marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine, tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different color spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches.

There are many endemic insect species, most only found in certain parts of Scotatrova, while other species are more widespread like the stag beetle and the cicada. The islands of Gana and Romosea have many endemic species (like birds, reptiles, bats, insects, snails and slugs) that evolved independently from other regions of Scotatrova. In Rodez, for example, it is possible to observe more than 250 species of land gastropods.

Politics

Government

The Scotatrovian People's Republic is a Federal Republic with strong democratic traditions and the government consists of 3 branches:

Legislative: The legislative branch is more known as Parliament. Parliament writes and votes on laws.

The legislative branch of the Scotatrovian government consists of a bicameral parliament divided into an upper house, or Senate, and a lower house, or Chamber of Deputies. Both chambers are responsible for the discussion and approval of legislation and the ratification of high-level presidential appointments. In theory, the power of introducing bills is shared with the executive, although in practice the executive initiates about 90 percent of all legislation. Parliament holds two ordinary sessions per year. The first session begins on November 1 and continues until no later than December 31; the second session begins on April 15 and may continue until July 15. A Permanent Committee, consisting of thirty-seven members (eighteen senators and nineteen deputies), assumes legislative responsibilities during parliamentary recesses. The president may call for extraordinary sessions of parliament to deal with important legislation.

The powers of the parliament include the right to pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national budget, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries, and ratify diplomatic appointments. The Senate addresses all matters concerning foreign policy, approves international agreements, and confirms presidential appointments. The Chamber of Deputies addresses all matters pertaining to the government's budget and public expenditures. In cases of impeachment, the Chamber of Deputies has the power to prosecute, and the Senate acts as the jury. In some instances, both houses share certain powers, such as establishing committees to discuss particular government issues and question government officials. In the event of impeachment, the two houses are convened jointly as a General Assembly. Each legislative chamber has a number of committees that study and recommend bills. If there is disagreement between the chambers, a joint committee is appointed to draft a compromise version.

Historically, the Senate consisted of seventy two members, six members for each state elected by direct vote for five year terms. However, as part of the electoral reforms enacted by the government of Jose Villa in 2000, the Senate was doubled in size to 144 members, with one of each state's six seats going to whichever party comes in second in that state. The number dropped to 116 members after the fragmentation of Scotatrova's 12 states in 2020, with each of the new states electing 4 senators each in a two round system. Since 1965 the Chamber of Deputies has consisted of 443 members, 200 of whom were elected by proportional representation from among large plurinominal districts, and the remainder from single-member districts. Members of the Chamber of Deputies serve four-year terms. 297 members now make up the Chamber of Deputies after the number was readjusted in 2020 to fit the now 29 states, and are elected by a majority of voters in a two round system.

Executive: The President is leader of the executive branch and holds all power for the branch. The Vice President is also included in this branch.

The presidency is the paramount institution, not only of the Scotatrovian state, but of the entire Scotatrovian political system. Presidents are directly elected by a simple majority of registered voters in the 29 states. The president holds the formal titles of chief of state, head of government, and commander in chief of the armed forces. Presidential candidates must be at least twenty seven years old on election day and must be Scotatrovian citizens by birth or naturalization or the offspring of Scotatrovian citizens by birth or naturalization. To be eligible for the presidency, a candidate must reside legally in Scotatrova during the year preceding the election. The candidate cannot have held a cabinet post or a governorship, nor have been on active military duty during the six months prior to the election. Priests and ministers of religious denominations are barred from holding public office.

The presidential term of five years, has determined the cyclical character of Scotatrovian politics since the late 1920s. A president can only be reelected once, which would extend the presidency for 10 years. The main job of the Vice President is to be ready to take over the duties of the president if anything should happen to them. In addition to the president's prerogatives in legislative matters, he or she may freely appoint and dismiss cabinet officials and almost all employees of the executive branch. Subject to traditionally routine ratification by the Senate, the president appoints ambassadors, consuls general and magistrates of the Court of High Authority. Presidential appointment authority also extends downward through the federal bureaucracy to a wide assortment of midlevel offices in the secretariats, other cabinet-level agencies, semi-autonomous agencies, and parastatal enterprises. This extensive appointment authority provides a formidable source of patronage for incoming administrations and has been an important factor in ensuring the regular, orderly turnover in office of competing elite factions within the official party.

The president confers broad powers on cabinet ministries. There is a hierarchy of influence among the different cabinet posts, and the power of a minister varies, depending on the priorities set by a particular president as well as the resources available at the time. Traditionally, the minister of the interior has been an influential figure. During the term of Diego Amaya (1973-1978), the Ministry of Programming and Budget was reorganized to coordinate all government agencies, supervise the budget, and design the national development program. Until its merger with the Ministry of Finance in 1992, the MPB was extremely influential, becoming the launching point for the presidencies of Ivan Andrade and Jose Villa.

Judicial: The judicial branch is made up of judges and courts. The judges are not elected by the people like the president and members of Parliament, they are appointed by the president.

The judicial branch of the Scotatrovian government is divided into federal and state systems. Scotatrova's highest court is the Court of High Authority, located in Muse. It consists of twenty-one magistrates and five auxiliary judges, all appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate or the Permanent Committee. Scotatrovian court justices must be Scotatrovian citizens, thirty-five to sixty-five years old, and must have resided in Scotatrova and held a law degree during the five years preceding their nomination. Court justices are appointed for life but are subject to impeachment by the Chamber of Deputies. The Court of High Authority may meet in joint session or in separate chambers, depending on the type of case before it. The high court is divided into four chambers, each with five justices. These are the Penal Affairs Chamber, Administrative Affairs Chamber, Civil Affairs Chamber, and Labor Affairs Chamber. A fifth chamber, the Auxiliary Chamber, is responsible for the overload of the four regular chambers. Court rulings of both the whole, or plenary, court and the separate chambers are decided on the basis of majority opinion. Rulings by the separate chambers may be overturned by the full court.

Human Rights

The Government respects the human rights of its citizens; although there are a few problems in some areas, the law and judiciary provide effective means of addressing individual instances of abuse. There are allegations that a few members of the security forces abused detainees. According to a study, government investigations of such alleged abuses are often lengthy and punishments were light. Violence against women was a problem, which the Government took steps to address. Scotatrova provides one of the highest degrees of liberty in the world for its LGBT community. Among the countries studied in 2016, Scotatrova is rated highly in acceptance of homosexuality, with an 88% of society supporting the gay community compared to 11% who do not.

Administrative Divisions

Administrative divisions of Scotatrova are the various entities that together, form Scotatrova. The first subdivision, is the state. In 2020, what had been 12 states was increased to 29. The state governments enact their own laws and prosecute crimes, but they are not sovereign, in the sense that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, and that each state is not equal in international law. The states do not possess international legal sovereignty, meaning that they are not recognized by other sovereign states, nor do they possess full interdependence sovereignty, meaning that they cannot control movement of persons across state borders. The states of Scotatrova are then subdivided into sectors.

The states are divided into smaller administrative regions, called Sectors. Sectors exist to provide general local support of state government activities, such as collection of property tax revenues (sectors almost never have their own power to tax). Sectors have varying degrees of political and legal significance. Sectors have broad powers in housing, education, transportation and recreation.

Sectors provide many facilities, such as airports, convention centers, museums, recreation centers, beaches, harbors, zoos, clinics, law libraries, and public housing. They provide services such as child and family services, elder services, mental health services, welfare services, veterans assistance services, animal control, probation supervision, historic preservation, food safety regulation, and environmental health services. Finally, there may also be a sector fire department and even a sector police department (as distinguished from fire and police departments operated by individual cities or the state government).

Sectors range in size and population from the very small, to the very large, and this is reflected in the range of types of municipal governments that exist in different areas. In all states, State and Sector governments exist side by side. Sector governments are usually administratively divided into several municipalities, depending on the size of the city. Most states have at least two tiers of local government: sectors and municipalities. In some states, sectors are divided into towns. There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level, including the city, town and village. The types and nature of these municipal entities vary from state to state.

School districts are organized local entities providing public primary and secondary education which, under state law, have sufficient administrative and fiscal autonomy to qualify as separate governments. The category excludes dependent public school systems of Sector or State governments. There are 869 sectors nationwide, the number of sectors per state ranges from the 10 sectors of Roisel to the 106 sectors of Orada. According to the Scotatrovian Institute for Population Statistics data collected in 2020, there were 48,651 local government units in Scotatrova.

The Overseas Territories of Scotatrova are jurisdictions that are not apart of one of the 29 states. The territories fall under the sovereignty of Scotatrova. They are designated organized territories. These territories attain some political autonomy at the local level. Parliament has granted considerable self-rule to the 3 territories. All the territories are incorporated within the provisions of the Constitution.

Foreign Policy

After the return of democracy following the end of the civil war in 1915, Scotatrova's foreign policy priorities were to break out of the diplomatic isolation of the fascist years and expand diplomatic relations and define security relations with other European nations. Scotatrova has established itself as a major participant in multilateral international security activities. Scotatrova's European relations represent an important part of its foreign policy. Even on many international issues beyond Europe, Scotatrova prefers to coordinate its efforts with its other partners through political cooperation mechanisms. Scotatrova is also known as a broker in the Middle East. The Middle Eastern countries are a priority interest because of oil and gas imports and because several nations have substantial investments in Scotatrova.

Scotatrova has maintained its special identification with its fellow Scotatrovian-speaking countries. Its policy emphasizes the concept of a Scotatrovian community,which has sought to link Scotatrova to the Scotatrovian-speaking countries in Central and South America through language, commerce, history and culture. Scotatrova has been an effective example of transition from dictatorship to democracy, as shown in the many trips that Scotatrova's Presidents have made to the region. Scotatrova maintains economic and technical cooperation programs and cultural exchanges with the Americas, both bilaterally and within Europe. Today, Scotatrova is trying to expand its still narrow relations with east Asian nations.

Scotatrova has a strong friendship with Amaurita and strong ties with Ithra, Aelvenia, Atzlana, Rodrenon and several other countries around the world.

Military

The Scotatrova Military Forces are the military and paramilitary forces of Scotatrova. They consist of the Scotatrova Armed Forces, Scotatrova Air Force and Scotatrova Navy. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. All of the branches serve professionally, and have no other occupation. Conscription is illegal under the constitution. The President serves as commander-in-chief of the military, which is headed by the Department of Defense. Scotatrova has one of the world's largest annual military expenditures with a budget of 73.09 billion and is a recognized nuclear state. Scotatrova has major military industries with one of the largest aerospace industries in the world. Scotatrova is also a major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear-powered devices.

Economy

Scotatrova has a GDP of Ⱦ8,475,361,537,132, one of the largest in the world. The 5 Largest trading partners are Aelvenia, Amaurita, Ithra, Rodrenon and Maragua.

Scotatrova has a mixed economy that combines extensive private enterprise with substantial state enterprise and government intervention. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power and telecommunications. It has been relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s. Since the 1990s some Scotatrovian companies have gained multinational status, often expanding their activities in culturally close Hescettgovian America. Scotatrova is the second biggest foreign investor there, after Amaurita. Scotatrovian companies have also expanded into Asia, especially Tiong Hoa. This early global expansion is a competitive advantage over its competitors and European neighbours. The reason for this early expansion is the booming interest towards the Scotatrovian language and culture in Asia and Africa and a corporate culture that learned to take risks in unstable markets.

Agriculture

Agriculture is an important sector of the Scotatrovian economy, with over 8% of the population in agriculture. Scotatrova has always been a large producer of agricultural products for most of it's history. Extensive tracks of fertile land and modern technology has made Scotatrova the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe and one of the largest in the world. Crops such as Tomatoes, Rice, Grapes, Cotton, Olives and Strawberries along with Fruit Trees and an array of Vegetables are produced in many areas of the country. Dairy, Beef, Poultry and Pork are also primary agricultural products. Scotatrova is one of Europe's more significant minerals producer. Fresh vegetables and fruits produced through intensive irrigation farming also became important export commodities, as did sunflower seed oil that was produced to compete with the more expensive olive oils in oversupply throughout the Mediterranean countries. The nation is a producer of minerals such as Tungsten, Copper and Uranium. Coal and Iron reserves are also vast across certain areas.

Tourism

The climate, geographic location, popular coastlines, diverse landscapes, historical legacy, vibrant culture and excellent infrastructure have all attributed to Scotatrova's international tourist industry among the largest in the world and to being one of the world's top 5 tourist destinations. Tourism plays an important role in the economy, with over 13% contributing to the GDP. Hotspots in Scotatrova include cities such as Ordium, Agon, Muse, Engium, Promethia and Viratis. The nation receives an estimated 156 million visitors a year. Muse, Ordium and Engium is named as the tourist triad and Agon is the leading city in tourism, with an estimated 49 million visitors a year.

Energy

Scotatrova uses high amounts of energy. Scotatrova is one of the world's leading countries in the development and production of renewable energy. Scotatrova has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Scotatrova is also Europe's main producer of wind energy, with 32,000 windmills across the nation powering about 56% of the mainland electricity in 2021. In November 2018, wind energy reached an instantaneous historic peak covering 53% of mainland electricity demand and generating an amount of energy that is equivalent to that of 14 nuclear reactors. Other renewable energies used in Scotatrova are biomass and marine (2 power plants under construction). Hydroelectric dams are also used to produce electricity with over 15 dams alone. The nation also has an abundance of power plants, with over 85 being scattered across the country. Non-renewable energy sources used in Scotatrova are nuclear, gas, coal, and oil.

Transportation

Much of Scotatrova's road system was constructed between 1915-1964. The first motorway opened between Engium, Muse and Ordium is now the leading highway in passengers and traffic. There are over 14 different highways that stretch across the nation connecting many cities. Agon is virtually enveloped in the most dense road network that it connects it with virtually all parts of the country. Highways are also abundant along the Atlantic and Mediterrannean Coastlines. Several tolls exist on the highways.

The road network extends approximately over 1,115,076 miles making it the most extensive in Europe. The national railway network is one of the largest in Europe, reaching over 30,332 miles. It extends from the ends of Merelo through the North into Chastre and connections into several nations exist through the European Intercity Express. Scotatrova has several high-speed trains, which rank among the fastest in the world. High-speed trains connect many major cities together and extend far beyond the borders into other countries. Over 678 airports are within Scotatrova. The busiest is Muse International Airport. Several airports handle vast majorities of popular and commercial air traffic, flying to virtually all cities in the world with an airport. Several major seaports include Engium, Ordium and Viratis.

Science and Technology

Scotatrova is among the scientifically advanced nations on the planet. Over 15% of the economy goes into Technology, the largest sector. Since it's founding and afterwards, Scotatrova has been a major contributor to scientific achievement. Scientific and Technological research activities in the nation are abundant. A large number of national and multi-national high tech and industrial companies are responsible for a majority of research and development projects. Scotatrova is one of the world's nuclear states, one of the first countries in Europe to achieve nuclear capability. It has one of the largest nuclear arsenals among the nuclear weapon states. It was also one of the earliest to launch it's own space satellite. Several companies design and develop civil and military aircraft as well as communications systems, missiles, space rockets, helicopters, satellites, and related systems.

Demographics

Population

With an estimated population of 267,432,713, Scotatrova is one of the world's most populated countries. Scotatrova has a very diverse population with many ethnicities. Osfenar Scotatrovians are the largest (7 million) followed by Bialyan Scotatrovians (4 million). Bialya has been a leading source of immigration since 2015 while Ithra, Osphen and Aelvenia have been in the top four sending countries since 2011. 8% of the population identifies as part of the LGBT community as of 2020.

About 84% of the population lives in suburban and urban areas and half of them reside in cities over 100,000. 3 cities have populations over 1 million, 7 global cities (Muse, Agon, Ordium, Viratis, Engium, Oleria and Atlona) have over 600,000 residents and there are 23 metropolitan areas with populations over a million. Although the people of Scotatrova are historically of Scotatrovian origin, they are today a mixture of several other ethnic groups. Large-scale immigration over the last 3 centuries has led to a more multicultural society and different regions reflect this diverse heritage. It is currently estimated that 18% of the Scotatrovian population is descended at least partially from the different waves of immigration the country has received since the early 17th century.

It is estimated that the total number of foreign-born immigrants is around 40 million. A number of reasons for the high level of immigration, including its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its underground economy and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors, which demand more low cost labor than can be offered by the national workforce.

Language

Scotatrova is an openly multilingual nation. Scotatrovian serves as the official and national language. Although a majority of other languages are present, they account for a small proportion of the first language of many Scotatrovian citizens. Scotatrovians are largely bilingual and are known to speak and understand multiple languages. Foreign languages are spoken in many areas of the country, mainly in the large diverse metropolitan areas. Classes teach a variety of languages to students.

Scotatrovian is the official language of the entire country, and it is the right and duty of every Scotatrovian to know the language. The constitution also establishes that "all other Scotatrovian languages"—that is, all other languages of Scotatrova—will also be official in their respective states in accordance to their Statutes, their organic regional legislations, and that the "richness of the distinct linguistic modalities of Scotatrova represents a patrimony which will be the object of special respect and protection.

The other official languages of Scotatrova, co-official with Scotatrovian are:

Accean, spoken in Adarse, Alleuze, Monce, Norva, Palorca, Roisel and Salece; Vulran, spoken in Vulra, Elejalde and Roisel Cadecian in Cadecia, Elejalde, Norva, Valoria and the Neal Isles; and Avarian in Avaria, Lezama and Valoria As a percentage of the general population, Accean is spoken by 0.15%, Vulran by 1.6%, Cadecian by 2.4%, and Avarian by 1.5% of all Scotatrovians.

Even though the production of automatic translators are starting to become abundant, many citizens still like to get a sense of the culture when speaking foreign languages. Evestish is the second most spoken language in the country and serves as a national language. Scotatrovian is spoken as a first language by 86% of the population while Evestish accounts for 5% and 9% of the population speak other languages as a mother tongue.

Religion

Scotatrova is a secular country, and freedom of religion is a constitutional right. Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Scotatrova for centuries, and although it no longer has official status by law, in all public schools in Scotatrova students have to choose either a religion or ethics class. Catholicism is the religion most commonly taught, although the teaching of Islam, Judaism, and evangelical Christianity is also recognized in law. About 51% of Scotatrovians self-identify as Catholics, 16% other faith, and about 33% identify with no religion. Most Scotatrovians do not participate regularly in religious services. Of the Scotatrovians who identify themselves as religious, 59% hardly ever or never go to church, 16% go to church some times a year, 9% some time per month and 15% every Sunday or multiple times per week. Recent polls and surveys have revealed that atheists and agnostics comprise anywhere from 27% to 33% of the Scotatrovian population.

Altogether, about 9% of the entire Scotatrovian population attends religious services at least once per month. Like many other nations, Scotatrova is becoming less religious. Younger Scotatrovians under 30 are becoming irreligious increasingly. Protestant churches have about 1,200,000 members. There are about 105,000 Jehovah's Witnesses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has approximately 46,000 adherents in 133 congregations in all regions of the country. There were about 1,700,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Scotatrova as of 2018. The vast majority was composed of immigrants and descendants originating from North Africa. More than 514,000 (30%) of them had Scotatrovian nationality. The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Muslims.

Health

The Scotatrovian health care system is one of universal health care largely financed by government national health insurance. In a 2017 assessment of world health care systems, it found that Scotatrova provided the "close to best overall health care" in the world. In 2016, Scotatrova spent 11.6% of GDP on health care. Approximately 77% of health expenditures are covered by government funded agencies. Care is generally free for people affected by chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS or Cystic Fibrosis. Average life expectancy at birth is 80 years for men and 86 years for women, one of the highest in Europe.

Even if Scotatrovians have the reputation of being one of the thinnest people in developed countries, Scotatrova, like other rich countries, faces an increasing and recent epidemic of obesity, due mostly to the replacement of traditional healthy Scotatrovian cuisine by junk food in Scotatrovian eating habits. Nevertheless, the Scotatrovian obesity rate is far below that of the other developed countries, and is still one of the lowest in Europe, but it is now regarded by the authorities as one of the main public health issues and is fiercely fought; rates of childhood obesity are slowing in Scotatrova, while continuing to grow in other countries.

Education

The schooling system in Scotatrova is centralized, and is composed of three stages, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. Primary and secondary education are predominantly public. In Scotatrova, education is compulsory from six to sixteen years old, and the public school is secular and free. If training and remuneration of teachers, and the choice of programs, are the state spring, the management of primary and secondary schools is the responsibility of local authorities.

Primary education is made in two phases. The nursery school, which welcome very young children has as a main goal their awakening, their socialization and the development of basic tools that are the language and the number. Then, around the age of six, children are greeted by elementary school, whose primary objectives are: learning, writing, arithmetic and civics. Secondary education also takes place in two cycles. The first is offered to college and leads to the national certificate. The second is offered in high school and results in national exams and ends (the bachelor professional, technical or general) and the Certificate of Professional Competence.

Since higher education is funded by the state, the fees are very low; the tuition varies from Ⱦ150 to Ⱦ700 depending on the university and the different levels of education. (licence, master, doctorate). One can therefore get a master's degree (in 5 years) for about Ⱦ750–3,500. The tuition in public engineering schools is comparable to universities, albeit a little higher (around Ⱦ700). However it can reach Ⱦ7,000 a year for private engineering schools, and some business schools, which are all private or partially private, charge up to Ⱦ15,000 a year. Health insurance for students is free until the age of 20.

Culture

Scotatrova has been a center of Western cultural development for centuries. Many Scotatrovian artists have been among the most renowned of their time, and Scotatrova is still recognized in the world for its rich cultural tradition. The successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation, and helped preserve the cultural heritage of the country and make it available to the public. The government has been very active, granting subsidies to artists, promoting Scotatrovian culture in the world, supporting festivals and cultural events, protecting historical monuments. Scotatrova receives the highest number of tourists per year, largely thanks to the numerous cultural establishments and historical buildings implanted all over the territory. Scotatrova is home to a variety of cultures, a result of a liberal immigration policy. The culture is generally considered Western, derived from traditions of European culture. The nation has been described as a melting pot where several cultures join into one. Scotatrovians have been described as very individualistic, competitive, and hardworking and has resulted in great economic productivity, and a libertarian form of government. This has made Scotatrova a popular destination for immigrants. Scotatrovians are also firm believers in equality, and do not think that one social class should have more rights than others.

Art

The 17th century was the period when Scotatrovian painting became prominent and individualized itself through classicism. At this time Scotatrova had become a center of artistic creation, the first half of the 19th century being dominated by two successive movements. In the second part of the 19th century, Scotatrova's influence over painting became even more important, with the development of new styles of painting such as Impressionism and Symbolism. The second generation of impressionist-style painters were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions. Many museums in Scotatrova are entirely or partly devoted to sculptures and painting works. A huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during the 18th century are displayed in many museums around the country.

Architecture

Due to its historical and geographical diversity, Scotatrovian architecture has drawn from a host of influences. Simultaneously, the previous Christian kingdoms gradually emerged and developed their own styles; developing a pre-Romanesque style when for a while isolated from contemporary mainstream European architectural influences during the earlier Middle Ages. The final victory in the Hundred Year War marked an important stage in the evolution of Scotatrovian architecture. The arrival of Modernism in the academic arena produced much of the architecture of the 20th century. Scotatrova is currently experiencing a revolution in contemporary architecture.

Literature

Scotatrovian literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the Scotatrovian language, particularly by citizens of Scotatrova and it may also refer to literature written by people living in Scotatrova who speak traditional languages other than Scotatrovian. Scotatrovian literature has been for the Scotatrovian people an object of national pride for centuries, and it has been one of the most influential components of the literature of Europe. Lyric poetry in the Middle Ages includes popular poems and the courtly poetry of the nobles. During the 16th century the literary production increased greatly. In the 18th century, Scotatrovian became a literary lingua franca and diplomatic language of western Europe and Scotatrovian letters have had a profound impact on all European literary traditions while at the same time being heavily influenced by these other national traditions. The Scotatrovian Empire had brought the Scotatrovian language to non-European cultures that are transforming and adding to the Scotatrovian literary experience today. Scotatrovians have come to have a profound cultural attachment to their literary heritage. Today, Scotatrovian schools emphasize the study of novels, theater and poetry (often learnt by heart). The literary arts are heavily sponsored by the state and literary prizes are major news. Literature matters deeply to the people of Scotatrova and plays an important role in their sense of identity.

Music

The music of Scotatrova reflects a diverse array of styles. In the field of classical music, Scotatrova has produced a number of legendary romantic composers, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style. Scotatrova's music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in electronic music. Scotatrovian music is often associated with traditional styles such as flacaro and classical guitar. While these forms of music are common in Scotatrova, there are many different traditional music styles and dances across its regions. For example, music from the north-west regions has ancient Rodraic roots. Flacaro originated from and remains popular in the south. Scotatrovian music played a role in the evolution of western classical music, particularly from the 16th through the early 18th century. The breadth of musical innovation can be seen in various composers and styles. Nowadays commercial popular music dominates. During the 1960s and early 1970s, tourism boomed, bringing yet more musical styles from the rest of the continent and abroad. However, it wasn't until the 1980s that Scotatrova's burgeoning pop music industry took off. Contemporary Scotatrovian pop began developing its own original music, encompassing all contemporary popular genres, from electronic and disco, to homegrown blues, rock, punk, ska, reggae, hip-hop and others.

Cinema

Cinema of Scotatrova refers to the film industry based in Scotatrova. The Scotatrovian cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of Scotatrova or by Scotatrovian filmmakers abroad. Scotatrova is responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the Scotatrovian government. In recent years, Scotatrovian cinema has achieved high marks of recognition. Scotatrovian cinema has also seen international success over the years. Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, Scotatrova has also been a gathering spot for artists from across Europe and the world. For this reason, Scotatrovian cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Another element supporting this fact is that Viratis has the highest density of cinemas in the nation, measured by the number of movie theaters per inhabitant, and that in most "downtown Viratis" movie theaters, foreign movies which would be secluded to "art houses" cinemas in other places are shown alongside "mainstream" works. Scotatrova is one of the biggest film markets in the world both in terms of admissions and revenues. It is also one of the most successful film industries in Europe in terms of number of films produced per year. Also, the Scotatrovian film industry is closer to being entirely self-sufficient than any other country in Europe, recovering around 80–90% of costs from revenues generated in the domestic market alone.

Fashion

Scotatrova is a leading country in the fashion design industry. Fashion is an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and Scotatrovians are well known for their good taste in fashion. Scotatrova also has many famous designers. Muse, along with Engium act as the two main centers of the country's fashion industry. The two cities are also home to many premier fashion designers. Many Scotatrovian cities including Ordium, Atlona and Saluto host important luxury districts and avenues. In recent centuries, these cities have transformed into heavy producers and costumers of luxury goods. Scotatrovian fashion is predominantly informal and comfortable and the nation has some unique regional clothing styles. Clothing depends on a variety of factors including location, venue, and demographic factors such as ethnicity. Blue jeans are a consistent fashion trend among all classes.

Cuisine

Scotatrovian cuisine consists of a great variety of dishes which stem from differences in geography, culture and climate. Scotatrovian cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world. It is heavily influenced by seafood available from the waters that surround the country, and reflects the country's deep Mediterranean roots. Scotatrova's extensive history with many cultural influences has led to a unique cuisine. Scotatrova's most renowned products are wines, including Champagne as well as a large variety of different cheeses, such as Camembert, Roquefort and Brie. There are more than 400 different varieties. The Scotatrovian art of pastry has its origins in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country. These monasteries, using very few ingredients (mostly almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor), managed to create a spectacular wide range of different pastries. A meal often consists of three courses, the introductory course, sometimes soup, the main course, cheese course and/or dessert, sometimes with a salad offered before the cheese or dessert. Scotatrovian cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the quality of life and the attractiveness of Scotatrova. Scotatrovian cuisine is very diverse, with different regions having their own traditional dishes. The Scotatrovians have a culture of good food, and throughout the country there are myriads of good restaurants. In addition to it wine tradition, Scotatrova is also a major producer of beer.

Sports

Football is the most popular sport in Scotatrova. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. The legendary Galis Aonoxe is still a major symbol of Scotatrovian football history. Muse United and CN Ordium are two of the most successful football clubs in the world. Basketball, Volleyball, Cycling, Futsal, Baseball and, lately, Tennis are also important due to the presence of Scotatrovian champions in all these disciplines. Today, Scotatrova is a major world sports powerhouse, especially since the 1950s, which stimulated a great deal of interest in sports in the country. The tourism industry has led to an improvement in sports infrastructure, especially for water sports, golf and skiing.