Cascadea

Cascadean Federation Tłʼiishí Hónáánááná Tʼáá Hwiihwihgo (Navajo) Federación Cascadeana (Spanish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  No One Left Behind (English)
Anthem:  Harmony of Our Land (English)
Capital	Victoria
Largest city	San Francisco Los Angeles Vancouver Las Vegas
Official languages	English Spanish Navajo
Ethnic groups	43% Non-hispanic whites 15% Latin American 12% Pacific Islanders/Asian 8% Native American 7% Hispanic whites 15% Others
Demonym(s)	Cascadean
Government	Parliamentary Republic
• President	Alwin Sherif
• Prime Minister	Hector Paguio
Legislature	National Congress
Independence from United States and Canada
• North American Civil War	14 March 2037
• Annexation of former Canadian Territories (after the Great Invasion)	26 June 2045
Area
• Total	4,756,649 km2 (1,836,552 sq mi) (7th)
• Water (%)	30.6
Population
• July 2056 estimate	57,387,246 (23th)
• 2054 census	56,897,226
• Density	67.8/km2 (175.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2055 estimate
• Total	$4.69 trillion
• Per capita	$81,727
GDP (nominal)	2055 estimate
• Total	$5.39 trillion
• Per capita	$93,806
Gini (2054)	0.235 low
HDI (2054)	0.936 very high
Currency	Cascadean Dollar (CSD)
Time zone	UTC-8 (Pacific Standard Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+9 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+9
Internet TLD	.cs

Cascadean Federation or commonly called Cascadea (IPA: [ˈkæskeɪdiə]) is a country located in the western region of North America. It encompasses a diverse landscape, encompasses from the arid desert in the southern part of Nevada to the subarctic forest in Columbia. It is known for its breathtaking natural beauty, including the iconic Rocky Mountains. Cascadea's unique geography ranges reflecting the rich diversity of its climate and ecosystems.

The nation was established as a result of the North American Civil War and the Great Invasion of Earth, which led to the secession of western states and provinces from Canada and the United States. Its capital city, Victoria, is located centrally within the region, serving as a hub of government, commerce, and culture.

Cascadea's official language is English, Spanish, and Navajo. Its currency is the Cascadean Dollar (CSD). The nation boasts a population of approximately 57.4 million people and a per capita GDP of around $93,800 (PPP), making it a prosperous and economically stable country.

The country's flag features a distinctive design with colors that symbolize its unique geography and cultural heritage. Cascadea is governed as a parliamentary republic, with elected representatives responsible for its administration. It is known for its commitment to environmental conservation, renewable energy, and progressive policies.

Cascadea's rich cultural tapestry reflects the heritage of indigenous peoples, as well as the contributions of immigrants from around the world. The nation takes pride in its educational institutions, cultural festivals, and natural landmarks, making it a vibrant and thriving society.

Etymology

The term "Cascadea" is derived from the geographical region known as "Cascadia", which encompasses a substantial portion of western North America, extending from the northern tip of Nevada desert up to Yukon territory.

The name "Cascadia" itself has a historical origin dating back to the existence of Cascades Rapids during the Astor Expedition. Although, the earliest documented use of this term for the mountain range can be traced to 1825 in the writings of the botanist David Douglas. It wasn't until the early 1900s, when John Jacob Astor began to explore the region that the term began to gain prominence and is used to refer the broader region of the mountain range.

History

Antiquity

The earliest human presence in Cascadea dates back to at least 14,000 years ago, when the first migrants crossed the Bering Strait from Asia during the last glacial period. These Paleo-Indians spread throughout the continent, adapting to different environments and developing diverse cultures. Some of the oldest archaeological sites in Cascadea include Paisley Caves in Oregon, and Haida Gwaii in Columbia.

The first civilizations of the indigenous people in Cascadea emerged around 5,000 years ago when complex societies with social stratification, political organization, and long-distance trade networks developed. These civilizations were influenced by their neighbors in Mesoamerica, such as the Olmec and Maya, as well as by their own local traditions and resources. Some of the most notable civilizations in Cascadea include the Salish Sea Culture Complex, which spanned from Puget Sound to Vancouver Island.

The rise of tribes and clans in Cascadea occurred around 2,000 years ago when regional groups formed distinct identities based on language, kinship, territory, and culture. These tribes and clans maintained alliances and rivalries with each other, as well as with other indigenous peoples across North America. They also created remarkable works of art, architecture, and technology that reflected their worldview and values. Some of the places of interest made by ancient people in Cascadea include the Ozette Village in Washington, which was preserved by a mudslide for over 500 years, the Totem Poles of the Pacific Northwest Coast, which displayed the ancestry and status of their owners, and the Petroglyphs of Columbia River Gorge, which depicted animals, humans, and supernatural beings.

Colonies and Establishment of Countries

The first European explorers to reach the region of what is now Cascadia were the Spanish, who began colonizing the area in the 16th century. They established missions, presidios, and pueblos along the coast and in the interior. They also explored the northern part of the region, reaching as far as Alaska and British Columbia. The Spanish claimed the entire region as part of their empire, but faced resistance from the Native Americans and competition from other European powers.

The British and the French also had interests in the region, especially in the fur trade. They established trading posts and forts along the rivers and lakes, and made alliances with some of the Native American tribes. The British and the French fought several wars over their colonial territories in North America, which affected the region as well. The most significant of these wars was the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), which resulted in the British gaining control of most of France's possessions in North America.

The American Revolution (1775-1783) was another major event that shaped the history of the region. The thirteen colonies that rebelled against Britain were located on the east coast of North America, but some of their inhabitants migrated to the west in search of land and opportunity. One of the causes of the revolution was Britain's taxation policies, which angered many colonists who felt they had no representation in Parliament. One of the most famous acts of protest was the Boston Tea Party (1773), when a group of colonists disguised as Native Americans dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act.

The revolution led to the independence of the United States of America, which was recognized by Britain in 1783. However, the boundaries of the new nation were not clearly defined, and there were disputes over the ownership of some lands in western North America. The United States and Britain agreed to share the Oregon Country (the area between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean) until 1846, when they divided it along the 49th parallel. The United States also acquired Louisiana from France in 1803, Florida from Spain in 1819, Texas from Mexico in 1845, and California and other territories from Mexico in 1848 after winning the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

The expansion of the United States to the west was driven by various factors, such as manifest destiny (the belief that it was their destiny to occupy all of North America), gold rushes (such as the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855), railroad construction (such as the Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869), immigration (from Europe and Asia), and settlement (by farmers, ranchers, miners, traders, missionaries, etc.). However, this expansion also brought conflicts with the Native Americans, who resisted losing their lands and cultures. The United States government pursued a policy of removal, relocation, reservation, assimilation, and extermination of many Native American tribes. Some of the most violent clashes occurred during the Indian Wars (1860s-1890s), such as the Sand Creek Massacre (1864), the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876), and the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890).

Canada also emerged as a nation in western North America during this period. Canada was initially a colony of Britain, but gained more autonomy and self-government over time. Canada was formed by a confederation of four provinces in 1867: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Canada then expanded to include other provinces and territories, such as Manitoba (1870), British Columbia (1871), Prince Edward Island (1873), Alberta and Saskatchewan (1905), Newfoundland and Labrador (1949), Yukon (1898), Northwest Territories (1870), Nunavut (1999).

Geography

Geology

Cascadea's territory covers a large area that spans from Sonora to Arizona, Nevada, California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and Columbia. It covers the entire watershed of the Columbia River and the Cascade Range, as well as the associated ocean and seas out to the continental slope.

The geology of Cascadea is characterized by the interaction of the North American Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate, which form the Cascadia subduction zone. This zone is a 960 km (600 mi) fault that lies about 112-160 km (70-100 mi) off the Pacific Shore. It is capable of producing 9.0+ magnitude earthquakes and tsunamis that could reach 30m (100 ft). The last major earthquake in this zone occurred in 1700 and was recorded by oral traditions of various First Nations groups.

The subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate also creates volcanic activity along the Cascade Range, which includes volcanoes such as Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Mount Shasta, and Crater Lake. These volcanoes are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and have erupted periodically throughout history, producing lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, and lahars. The volcanoes also influence the climate and ecology of Cascadea by creating rain shadows and providing habitats for diverse flora and fauna.

The rocks of Cascadea are mainly composed of igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. The igneous rocks are mostly volcanic in origin and include basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite, and tuff. The metamorphic rocks are mostly formed by regional metamorphism during subduction and include schist, gneiss, slate, marble, and quartzite. The sedimentary rocks are mostly deposited by rivers, lakes, glaciers, and oceans and include sandstone, shale, limestone, conglomerate, and coal.

The tectonic forms of Cascadea are mainly influenced by the subduction zone and the associated crustal deformation. The most prominent tectonic features are the Coast Ranges, which are uplifted blocks of accreted terranes that form a series of parallel ridges along the coast; the Willamette Valley, which is a forearc basin that lies between the Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range; the Cascade Range itself, which is a volcanic arc that marks the location of the subducting plate; and the Columbia Plateau, which is a large basaltic plateau that covers parts of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Nevada.

The volcanic forms of Cascadea are mainly related to the Cascade Range and its eruptions. The most common volcanic forms are stratovolcanoes (or composite volcanoes), which are steep-sided cones that consist of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material; shield volcanoes, which are broad domes that consist of fluid lava flows; cinder cones, which are small cones that consist of loose volcanic fragments; lava domes, which are mounds of viscous lava that form near volcanic vents; calderas (or volcanic craters), which are large depressions that form by collapse or explosion of a volcano; and volcanic fields (or monogenetic fields), which are areas with numerous small volcanoes that erupt only once or a few times.

The hydrology of Cascadea is mainly influenced by the precipitation patterns and the topography of the region. The precipitation varies from west to east due to the rain shadow effect of the mountains. The western side receives more rainfall than the eastern side, which is more arid. The major rivers of Cascadea are the Columbia River and its tributaries (such as the Snake River), which drain most of the region into the Pacific Ocean; the Fraser River, which drains parts of Columbia into the Strait of Georgia; and the Sacramento River and its tributaries (such as the San Joaquin River), which drain parts of California into San Francisco Bay. The major lakes of Cascadea are Lake Tahoe (which straddles California and Nevada), Crater Lake (which fills a caldera in Oregon), Lake Shasta (which is a reservoir in California), Lake Chelan (which is a natural lake in Washington), and Okanagan Lake (which is a natural lake in British Columbia). The major glaciers of Cascadea are found on some of the high peaks of the Cascade Range (such as Mount Rainier) and provide meltwater for some rivers during summer.