Acràlian civil war (1923-1924)
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| Acràlian civil war (1923-1924) | ||||||||||
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.jpg) Plassis' civilian buildings destroyed during the Battle of Plassis | ||||||||||
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| Belligerents | ||||||||||
| Ocralian Republic (Campanists) |
Junta : Ocralian Republic (Marzialists), Federal Army |
Christian coalition : Ocralian Patiarchate, Sons of Campana |
Liberal coalition : Free Armies of Ocraly, Zingarettists, Civil Guard, Constitutionalist Army |
Left coalition : Her Majesty's Red Army, Organists, Lenarduzzists | ||||||
| Confederate States of Florentia (march 1924 - october 1924)) | ||||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||||
| Zachària Ferrandi |
Marziale Marziale, Stefano di Foliacci |
Leopoldo Venturini, Antonio di Cristiani |
Vittori Fazi, Zanovzi Zingaretti, Virgilio Grazzani, Rosa Iozzi |
Celeste di Asmavie, Osvaldo Organia, Wladimiro Lenarduzzi | ||||||
The Ocralian civil war of 1923-1924 was a civil conflict fought in Acràlia after the coup d'Etat of field marshall Marziale Marziale in the 10th of February 1923. The civil war was fought between five main factions : the Campanists of Zachària Ferrandi, the Junta (made of the Marzialists of Marziale Marziale and Stefano di Foliacci's Federal Army), the Christian coalition (made of Leopoldo Venturini's Ocralian Patriarchate and Antonio di Cristiani's Sons of Campana), the Liberal coalition (made of Vittori Fazi's Free Armies of Ocraly, Zanovzi Zingaretti's Zingarettists, Virgilio Grazzani's Civil Guard and Rosa Iozzi's Constitutionalist Army) and the Left coalition (made of Celeste di Asmavie's Her Majesty's Red Guard, Osvaldo Organia's Organists and Wladimiro Lenarduzzi's Lenarduzzists). It ended with the invasion of Ocraly in 1924 by the sixth faction, the Confederate States of Florentia, and the subsequent establishment of the second Kingdom of Ocraly as a Florentian autonomous subject in october 1924.
The 25th of February, 1922, at the age of 76 and after 44 years of rule, His Excellency, Generalissimo-Admiralissimo Basiliu di Campana, Perpetual Dictator of Ocraly for Life and after Death, died from a heart attack. His Secretary of State Zachària Ferrandi quickly seized control and, lacking the charisma of Campana, decided to honor Campana's wish to eternally remain Ocraly's head of state after his death. His decision to remain loyal to Ocralianist ideology was extremly unpopular with some parts of the Ocralian armed forces which favoured a more pragmatic dictatorship, away from Campana's ideological fanaticism. Thus, field marshal Marziale Marziale committed a coup d'etat which failed in the capital of Fangosa, sparking the Ocralian civil war.
List of factions
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Campanists
The Campanists were led by Zachària Ferrandi, the Secretary of State of the Ocralian Party. Their forces were mostly made of party bureaucrats and officers loyal to the Ocralian Party, the vanguard party created by Basiliu di Campana and based on mantellan ethnonationalism, orthodox fundamentalism and totalitarianism. Ferrandi's goal was to "continue di Campana's crusade against individuality".
Stefano di Foliacci's forces used to be part of the Campanists but, after Zachària's refusal to consider a more moderate approach to Ocralianism, general Foliacci proclaimed the Federal Army in April 1923. After a few skirmishes in Fangosa, the Federalists fled north-east, settling in the port of Middola.
After the capture of Fangosa in january 1924 by the Federal Army and the subsequent execution of Ferrandi, most Campanists either joined the Federalist Army, the Ocralian Patriarchate or the Sons of Campana.
Junta
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The Junta was led by "il condottiero" field marshal Marziale Marziale, assisted by Stefano di Foliacci's Federal Army. Their goal was to establish a sustainable and pragmatic military dictatorship, away from Ocralianism's totalitarian and fanatic ethos.
Because of the failure of his coup d'etat, Marziale Marziale fled north-west with his forces. Arriving at the city of Zérubia, he was welcomed there as a hero by the local Mantellan coffee barons, who had greatly suffered from di Campana's autarchist policies. At first in a position of inferiority, Marziale Marziale fortified Zérubia, thinking that Ferrrandi's army were about to crush his rebellion. However, Ferrandi's regime being plagued by infighting, the Campanists never attacked the city.
In April 1923, after the defection of Foliacci's Federalists from the Campanists, the Federal Army and general Foliacci sweared fealty to the Junta.
After the capture of Fangosa in january 1924 by the Federal Army and the subsequent execution of Ferrandi, general Foliacci attempted to betray Marziale by proclaiming himself Secretary of State of the Ocralian Party. However, he was assassinated soon after by a former Campanist soldier. Most of the Federalists joined the Marzialists.
Christian coalition
The Christian coalition was led by general Leopoldo Venturini who proclaimed himself the successor of Di Campana as Patriarch Leopoldo I of Ocraly. While fundamentalist, Venturini rejected Di Campana's ethnonationalism and totalitarianism, which caused friction with his ally Antonio di Cristiani. The latter, a former priest, was the leader of the Sons of Campana, a militia claiming that Di Campana was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ.
Venturini was initially part of the moderate Campanists but, after the clash between Ferrandi and Foliacci, and the subsequent treason of the latter, Venturini and his forces fled to the east and south-east, where they proclaimed the Ocralian Patriachate.
Venturini quickly allied with the Sons of Campana, Cristiani accepting to consider the self-proclaimed Leopoldo I as the rightful successor of Campana. However, after several disagreements, Antonio di Cristiani withdrew his support and proclaimed himself Patriarch Antonio I of Ocraly, claiming that Jesus' soul took control of his body when Campana died.
Both factions were eventually defeated in April-May 2024, during the Florentian invasion.
Liberal coalition
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The Liberal coalition was a group of armies officially led by Vittori Fazi, even though he had only nominal authority over condottieri Zanovzi Zingaretti, Virgilio Grazzani and Rosa Iozzi.
General under the Campana regime, he planned a revolution during the chaotic aftermath of Di Campana's death but was caught off-guard by Marziale's coup. Forced to improvise, he retreated north, along the Rossi river. General Fazi guathering the support of other condottieri - most of them being former low-ranking officers, shopkeepers, small landowners, etc -, he proclaimed the Free Armies of Ocraly. However, other influential military leaders arose, especially the Zingarettists under Zanovzi Zingaretti, the Civil Guard under Virgilio Grazzani and the Constitutionalist Army under Rosa Iozzi.
Vittori Fazi advocated for a "respectable republic", i.e. a democratic and moderate republic, able to adapt to modernity while keeping tradition.
The Zingarettists were mostly mercenaries, recruited under the promise of being paid when the liberal coalition will eventually reach the capital city. When the Florentian forces invaded Ocraly, the Zingarettists immediatly surrendered.
The Civil Guard, led by former policeman Virgilio Grazzani, was a militia which rose in Bellarossa as a reaction to the left revolution. However, they couldn't resist HM's Red Army and had to flee further east, allying with general Fazi out of anti-communism.
Finally, the Constitutionalist Army is mostly known for its ruthless methods. Led by Rosa Iozzi, the daughter of a Mantellan landowner, the Constitutionalist Army was located in the north and was the main opposition to the left coalition. Its bloody repression of peasant movements and strikes further radicalised the lower class, leading to Iozzi's eventual assassination in June 1924.
