KHŽ Class 435

Class 435
Kráľovské Holynské Železnice InterCity Express at St. Sabas.
Type and origin Power type Electric Builder Holynské Železničné Strojárne Build date 1986–1993 Total produced 93 Rebuild date 2004-2006 Number rebuilt 91
Specifications Configuration: ​  • AAR B-B  • UIC Bo′Bo′  • Commonwealth Bo-Bo Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Wheel diameter 970 mm (3 ft 2 in) Minimum curve 80.000 m (262 ft 5.6 in) Wheelbase 10.500 m (34 ft 5.4 in)  • Bogie 3.350 m (10 ft 11.9 in) Length: ​  • Body 19.400 m (63 ft 7.8 in) Width 2.740 m (8 ft 11.9 in) Height 3.757 m (12 ft 3.9 in) Loco weight 85.25 tonnes (83.90 long tons; 93.97 short tons) Electric system/s 25 kV 50 Hz overhead Current pickup(s) Pantograph Traction motors 4 × DC Gear ratio 1.741:1 MU working TDM Train heating Electric Train Supply, index 95 Loco brake Pneumatic (disc and tread)rheostatic Train brakes Pneumatic Safety systems AWS TPWS Couplers Drophead Buckeye
Performance figures Maximum speed Design: 140 mph (225 km/h) Power output: ​  • Starting 4.70 MW (6,300 hp) at rails  • Continuous 4.54 MW (6,090 hp) at rails Tractive effort: ​  • Starting 190 kN (43,000 lbf)  • Continuous 107 kN (24,000 lbf) at 95 mph (153 km/h) Brakeforce Rheostatic: 83 kN (19,000 lbf) max.
Career Operators Current: *Kráľovské Holynské ŽelezniceFormer: *Holyn State Railways Numbers As built: 43501–43594 Disposition In service: 90 Stored: 2 Scrapped: 1 Preserved: 1

The Class 435 locomotive, operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ), is one of the most recognized and commonly used electric locomotives in Holynia, playing a crucial role in the nation’s intercity travel network. Originally intended for high-speed services on Holynia's High Speed Line 1 (HSL 1), connecting Cizekporok to Slatnik in the Masovia region, the Class 435 was designed to meet the growing demand for fast, efficient rail travel between major cities. Though it briefly operated on high-speed routes during its early years, it was eventually cascaded to regional InterCity Express services after the introduction of more advanced, dedicated high-speed trainsets in the early 1990s. With 94 units built, the Class 435 became a staple of Holynia's rail network, ensuring its place in the history of the nation’s rail infrastructure.

Design

The Class 435 locomotives were constructed between 1988 and 1991 by Holynské Železničné Strojárne (HŽS), a prominent Holynian engineering company. These locomotives were designed to provide high-speed, efficient service, capable of speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph) on the most modern lines, and typically running at 160-180 km/h (99-112 mph) on standard routes. The Bo-Bo wheel arrangement (four axles, each powered) allows the locomotives to generate significant traction power, ensuring reliable service across both flatter and more mountainous terrain, which is typical of Holynia’s varied landscape. Each locomotive is powered by overhead 25 kV AC electrification, a common standard across Holynia's rail system.

The Class 435 is typically paired with nine Mark 4 passenger coaches in a push-pull configuration, which allows for smooth and efficient operation without the need to turn the locomotive around at terminals. A driving control car (DCC) is placed at the opposite end of the train, enabling the locomotive to operate seamlessly in either direction. The locomotives were engineered with modern safety features, including advanced signaling systems to ensure high-speed operations. Their distinctive design features a sleek, aerodynamic front, which helps reduce air resistance at higher speeds, contributing to their efficiency.

History

When the Class 435 locomotives were first introduced, they were intended to operate on Holynia’s premier high-speed route, High Speed Line 1, which linked Cizekporok, the capital, to Slatnik, a major city in the Masovia region. This line was a key part of Holynia's strategy to modernize its rail network and promote faster intercity travel, positioning the country as a leader in rail transport in Spero. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Class 435 was a significant asset to these high-speed services, offering a new level of comfort and efficiency compared to older locomotives in use at the time.

However, as the demand for even faster, more specialized high-speed trains grew, dedicated high-speed rolling stock, including the Class 500 series locomotives and other newer trainsets, replaced the Class 435 on these high-speed routes. By the early 1990s, the Class 435 was largely cascaded to regional InterCity Express services, where it found a new and lasting role. The high-speed lines were soon served by trains designed specifically for the demands of high-speed travel, but the Class 435 remained a crucial element of the Holynian railway network for medium-speed routes between major cities.

After its shift from high-speed routes, the Class 435 became the backbone of the InterCity Express network operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ). These routes connect major urban hubs such as Bystrica, Pralovec, Hrastov, Uhrov, and Komarov, enabling efficient and comfortable travel for both business and leisure travelers. The Class 435’s ability to operate reliably on these longer distances, combined with its power and speed, made it well-suited for the InterCity Express network. The locomotives remain highly valued for their durability, especially on routes that cross both flat plains and mountainous regions, where the Class 435’s high traction capabilities are essential.

As newer, more energy-efficient locomotives and trains have entered the Holynian fleet, the Class 435's role has shifted again. It continues to operate on high-demand regional services, though increasingly on less trafficked routes or in secondary roles, while newer electric units handle the most critical express services. Despite the gradual retirement of many units, the Class 435 locomotives are still widely regarded as reliable and durable, and they remain in use in less central parts of the rail network, where their proven performance is still essential.

Future

The Class 435 locomotive remains a key part of Holynia’s railway heritage, representing a pivotal period in the country’s efforts to modernize its rail system. While newer, more advanced locomotives have been developed to meet the growing demand for high-speed and energy-efficient travel, the Class 435 continues to be valued for its engineering excellence and reliability. Despite being gradually phased out from major high-speed routes, the Class 435 still sees service in key regions, ensuring that it remains a familiar sight on Holynia's railways.