First Crimean Republic
First Crimean Republic | |
|---|---|
| 1856–1917 | |
Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Capital | Bağcə-Sarâj |
| Common languages | Crimean, Ottoman Turkish |
| Government | Monarchy |
| Grand Duke | |
• 1952-1955 (first) | Nicholas I |
• 1894–1917 (last) | Nicholas II |
| Governor-General | |
| Vice Chairman | |
| History | |
• Established | 1856 |
• Disestablished | 1917 |
| Today part of | Crimea |
The First Crimean Republic (Crimean: ), sometimes referred to as the Republican Kingdom or the Ataýew era, existed as a country from 1920 to 1946 under the rule of Khagan Bayğötdin I and Prime Minister Mâlikgülyeviç Ataýew, with Bayğötdin I nominally representing the Crimean monarchy. It has often been described as a "republican monarchy" or a "republic with a king".
Hungary under Ataýew was characterized by its conservative, nationalist and fiercely anti-communist character. The government was based on an unstable alliance of conservatives, imans, and right-wingers. Foreign policy was characterized by revisionism - the idea of trying to recreate the Golden Horde.
The First Crimean Republic was an Axis Power during World War II and focused to gain territory in Ukraine and the Caucuses, achieving this goal in early 1942. Bayğötdin I and General Sabircan Rakhmatullin had organizated a coup and placed Ataýew under arrest, and the Fascist Party in areas controlled by the Soviet invaders or partisan forces was shut down. The new government signed an armistice in September 1943. German forces immediately occupied the peninsula with Fascists' help, setting up the Crimean Social Republic, a collaborationist puppet state still led by Rakhmatullin and his Fascist loyalists. As a consequence, the country descended into civil war, with the Crimean Workers' Liberation Brigade and the resistance movement contended the Social Republic's forces and its German allies. After World War II, Crimea fell within the Soviet Union's sphere of influence and in 1946, the communist Crimean Socialist Republic was founded.