List of political parties in the Federal Republic of Brazil
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This article is a list of the active political parties in the Federal Republic of Brazil. The country is a highly factionalized multi-party democracy. Since the establishment of the republic, no party has been able to effectively govern Brazil without the need for a coalition.
Overview
During the Empire of Brazil (1822-1889), politics were mostly bipartisan. The Conservative and Liberal parties dominated politics, but other parties did exist during the period. Some of those minor parties would rise to prominence, such as the Progressive League in the 1860s or the Paulista Republican Party - the latter being one of the most successful republican movement in Brazil and the main actor behind the fall of the Brazilian monarchy.
During the Old Republic (1889-1927), there weren't any national parties. Instead, each state had its own parties which competed at national elections. The Brazilian Civil War of 1927 brought an end to Coffee and Milk Politics, kicking off mass movements in Brazil which last to this very day. As a result, most state parties ceased to exist, although some still are rather succesful, such as the Constitutionalist Party of São Paulo and the Gaucho Republican Party.
Brazilian politics used to be very volatile until the decade of 1970. The Economic Crisis of 1973 killed off several smaller parties through mergers, leading to the rise of the National Popular Front, a centrist and nationalist party that opposed the National Democratic Union. Since 1980, the National Popular Front has dominated politics. Out of the last 42 years, the party has ruled Brazil for 30 years, being interrupted by the National Democratic Union in the decade of 1990 and the Brazilian Communist Party in 2008-12. As of January 2022, there are 27 parties represented in the Federal Parliament, with many other parties represented in local legislatures.
Parties Represented in the Federal Parliament
Party logo | Party name | Leader | Founded | Seats in the Federal Senate |
Seats in the Chamber of Deputies |
Governors | Ideology | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Popular Front Frente Popular Nacional |
Ingrid Winckler Santos |
1977 | 12 / 90
|
102 / 542
|
6 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Labour Party Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro |
Antônio Pontes Modesto |
1938 | 6 / 90
|
58 / 542
|
3 / 30
|
|||
National Democratic Union União Democrática Nacional |
Valdemir Mendes Souto |
1936 | 5 / 90
|
50 / 542
|
2 / 30
|
|||
Social Democratic Party Partido Social Democratico |
Larissa Alves de Araújo |
1942 | 7 / 90
|
48 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Liberal Party Partido Liberal |
Maurílio Motta Grossi |
1931 | 3 / 90
|
41 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Integralist Action Ação Integralista Brasileira |
Henrique Neres Honório |
1932 | 4 / 90
|
38 / 542
|
2 / 30
|
|||
National Legitimist Legion Legião Legitimista Nacional |
Fernando Sobral Fortunato |
1965 | 2 / 90
|
35 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Communist Party Partido Comunista Brasileiro |
Patricia Santana Vilela |
1922 | 3 / 90
|
30 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
National Labour Party Partido Nacional Trabalhista |
Walter Jung Schwarz |
1956 | 1 / 90
|
27 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Social Progressive Party Partido Social Progressista |
Mauro Carlos de Barros |
1945 | 3 / 90
|
22 / 542
|
2 / 30
|
|||
Christian Democratic Party Partido Democrata Cristão |
Gilberto Rinaldi Carmona |
1951 | 4 / 90
|
19 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Republican Party Partido Republicano |
Simone Cardoso Crisóstomo |
1927 | 2 / 90
|
14 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Proletarian Defense Front Frente de Defesa Proletária |
Manoel Viana Nunes |
1932 | 0 / 90
|
10 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Socialist Party Partido Socialista Brasileiro |
Moisés Galindo Eleutério |
1929 | 3 / 90
|
10 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
National Liberator Alliance Aliança Libertadora Nacional |
Cláudio de Oliveira Toscano |
1973 | 1 / 90
|
9 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Workers' Confederation Confederação Operária Brasileira |
Adailton Passos Sodré |
1906 | 2 / 90
|
8 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Green Party of Brazil Partido Verde do Brasil |
Roberto Martins Amorim |
1989 | 1 / 90
|
8 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Liberator Party Partido Libertador |
File:Lisa Rahming.png Jéssica da Silva Moreira |
1928 | 1 / 90
|
7 / 542
|
1 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Maximalist Union União Maximalista Brasileira |
Eduardo Garcia Dubinski |
1936 | 0 / 90
|
6 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Constitutionalist Party Partido Constitucionalista |
Felipe Müller Ferreira |
1932 | 0 / 90
|
5 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Gaucho Republican Party Partido Republicano Gaúcho |
Elizabete Almeida Metz |
1929 | 0 / 90
|
5 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Democratic Party Partido Democrático Brasileiro |
Edilson de Sá Aguiar |
1992 | 1 / 90
|
4 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Mineiro Liberal Democratic Party Partido Liberal Democrata Mineiro |
Fabiano Câmara de Arruda |
1930 | 0 / 90
|
4 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Workers' Central Union União Central dos Trabalhadores |
Guilherme Telles Veiga |
1972 | 0 / 90
|
3 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Pirate Party of Brazil Partido Pirata do Brasil |
Joel Souza Vieira |
2012 | 0 / 90
|
2 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
Brazilian Technocratic Party Partido Tecnocrata Brasileiro |
Jerônimo Barcellos Freire |
2005 | 1 / 90
|
1 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||
National Reorganization League Liga de Reorganização Nacional |
Hélio Moretti Bachmann |
2010 | 0 / 90
|
1 / 542
|
0 / 30
|
|||