New England
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The Commonwealth of New England | |
---|---|
Coat of Arms
| |
Motto: An appeal to heaven "Invocātiō apud caelum" | |
Map of the Commonwealth | |
Capital | New Haven |
Largest city | Boston |
Official languages | English |
Ethnic groups | Irish American: 18.4% Franco-American: 1.2% Italian American: 20.1% Polish American: 6.3% Jewish American: 5.9% German American: 10.9% African American: 7.8% Anglo-American: 29.3% Asian American: 0.1% |
Demonym(s) | New English |
Government | Constitutional Federal Republic |
• President | W. Avarell Harriman |
• Vice President | Maurice Tobin |
Legislature | Congress |
Senate | |
House of Representatives | |
History | |
• The Unilateral Declaration of Independence | July 16th, 1937 |
• The Second Hartford Convention | August 10th - October 31st, 1937 |
• The First New England Federal Election | November 5th, 1940 |
• New York Admitted | 1941 |
• New Jersey and Greater Philadelphia | 1943 |
• Observer Status in British Commonwealth established | 1945 |
• Victory in Europe Day | June 22nd, 1946 |
Area | |
• | 149,136 sq mi (386,260 km2) |
Population | |
• 1950 estimate | 33,252,000 |
• Density | 222.96/sq mi (86.1/km2) |
GDP (nominal) | 1950 estimate |
• Total | 286,698,744,000 |
• Per capita | 8,622 |
Currency | New England Dollar ($) (NED) |
Time zone | UTC-4 (EST) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +1 |
New England, officially the Commonwealth of New England, is a sovereign nation located in North America. New England is bordered by the Dominion of Canada to her north and The Democratic People's Federation of America (PFA) to her south. The population of the country is concentrated in its large metropolitan areas. The most populous areas are the New York City metropolitan area followed by the Boston metropolitan area and Philadelphia metropolitan area. The New England hinterland in the northern states have towns scattered throughout the various mountainous and forested regions. Aside from these, much of New England is rural and marked by large national parks and historic sites. New England is a constitutional federal republic with its capital located in New Haven. The largest city in New England is New York City which serves as the nation's economic hub and which alongside the second largest city of Boston serve as cultural and commercial centers. New England has a separation of powers between its Executive, Judicial and Legislative branches.
History
Birth of a Commonwealth
New England had been the Northeastern region of the United States of America prior to the Second American Civil War which saw the downfall of the United States. An interstate gridlock had taken shape in May, 1937 due to the controversial coup d'etat launched by General Douglas MacArthur on April 28th. Despite attempts at negotiations, soon a civil war had broken out between the MacArthurists, Syndicalists, Longists and a movement in the Pacific saw the secession of California, Oregon, Washington and Nevada to form the Pacific States of America. In the midst of the gridlock between states, a meeting between New England Governors took place on June 8th in which the Governors resolved to write a letter to the Dominion of Canada requesting protection during the hardships. The Canadian Government approved this request and sent a military detachment across the American Border on June 16th. Despite orders from General Douglas MacArthur to leave sovereign American soil, National Guard divisions from each of the New England States stood by the decision of their respective governors and the New England states ceased contact with the Federal Government.
As the Second American Civil War began to brew, the states resolved to select a Provisional President who would coordinate state efforts, and Percival P. Baxter was selected to serve as the first Provisional President on June 21st and was to direct coordinating efforts from Boston. President Baxter was granted powers to merge New England State National Guard forces into the New England Defense Force which was mobilized and sent to the New York border to deter any attempts at attacking the New English. By July it was clear that the Civil War was not to be brief as the Federal forces had been routed from the Carolinas and pockets had begun to take shape as Syndicalist militias surrounded federal garrisons in Kentucky and Missouri. Therefore it was resolved that the New English would need to be prepared for the worst. With approval in each of the State Legislatures, a Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United States was signed on July 16th, and President Baxter called for a Second Hartford Convention to establish an American continuity government in New England. Adopting the American Constitution as its basis, the Hartford Convention carried on until October 31st organizing a New England federal government, declaring itself the Commonwealth of New England, adopting a flag and new currency and concluding with a Halloween Resolution which established New Haven as the 'indefinite provisional capital'.
As the Second American Civil War intensified in through 1938 and the Federal position began to weaken in early 1939, 'Operation Patriot' was authorized with approval from the Canadian government. As United States forces were being routed from Ohio, New England issued a non-interference order to the United States authorities and sent in troops to occupy New York first which was accomplished by Mid-March. Soon 'Operation Patriot' was expanded as Canadian forces arrived to aid in the occupation and forces were sent into New Jersey in early April. With US forces being pushed into West Virginia and the fall of Pittsburgh on April 8th, a final order was given to establish the Susquehanna river as a natural western boundary to provide for the defense of the New English Commonwealth and to prevent the fall of Philadelphia and Scranton into the hands of the Syndicalists. This operation was carried out throughout mid-April, but with Federal government compliance was successfully executed. Plans were drawn up for the occupation of the Delmarva Peninsula, however the Canadians saw this as too risky and having the potential to draw them directly into the American Civil War. Without Canadian military assistance, the New English would not be able to extend their reach into the peninsula and after the fall of Baltimore on May 2nd, the plans were abandoned and instead construction began on a fortification network.
The occupation zones were administered by joint New English - Canadian force, and conscription in New England as well as recruiting in occupied areas intensified to provide for an all-American defense force. Seeing the need for popular consensus, the New English government called for a snap-election to be held in July within the currently admitted states. Having left retirement to govern New England, Percival Baxter saw this as an opportunity to return to his retirement, and instead Hiram Bingham III was elected as the second Provisional President. President Bingham was seen as excellent for the role in part because of his extensive military background and having been the former governor of Connecticut, he helped to organize the New Haven political system in its early development. WIP
New England in the Second World War
(1942-1946)
WIP
Post-War New England
As the Second World War came to an end, a great sense of enthusiasm was felt throughout New England as the global tide of Syndicalism had finally turned. Over two hundred thousand New English veterans returned home from France and the British Isles as fighting had winded down, and the New English economy quickly began to surge. Corresponding with this was a massive 'Baby Boom' starting in October of 1946 and persisting through the holiday season. WIP
Geography
States
Flag, name & postal abbreviation[1] |
Cities | Ratification or admission[upper-alpha 1] |
Population [upper-alpha 2][3] |
Total area[4] | Land area[4] | Water area[4] | Number of Reps. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capital | Largest[5] | mi2 | km2 | mi2 | km2 | mi2 | km2 | |||||
CT | Hartford | Bridgeport | Jan 9, 1788 | 2,016,719 | 5,543 | 14,357 | 4,842 | 12,542 | 701 | 1,816 | 6 | |
ME | Augusta | Portland | Mar 15, 1820 | 917,865 | 35,380 | 91,633 | 30,843 | 79,883 | 4,537 | 11,750 | 3 | |
[upper-alpha 3] | MA | Boston | Feb 6, 1788 | 4,686,213 | 10,554 | 27,336 | 7,800 | 20,202 | 2,754 | 7,134 | 12 | |
NH | Concord | Manchester | Jun 21, 1788 | 532,143 | 9,349 | 24,214 | 8,953 | 23,187 | 397 | 1,027 | 2 | |
NJ | Trenton | Newark | Dec 18, 1787 | 4,872,962 | 8,723 | 22,591 | 7,354 | 19,047 | 1,368 | 3,544 | 14 | |
NY | Albany | New York | Jul 26, 1788 | 14,861,392 | 54,555 | 141,297 | 47,126 | 122,057 | 7,429 | 19,240 | 45 | |
[upper-alpha 3] | PA | Philadelphia | Dec 12, 1787 | 4,204,477 | 46,054 | 119,280 | 44,743 | 115,883 | 1,312 | 3,397 | 13 | |
[upper-alpha 4] | RI | Providence | May 29, 1790 | 786,211 | 1,545 | 4,001 | 1,034 | 2,678 | 511 | 1,324 | 2 | |
VT | Montpelier | Burlington | Mar 4, 1791 | 379,683 | 9,616 | 24,906 | 9,217 | 23,871 | 400 | 1,035 | 1 |
Cities
Geographic Areas
Politics
Political Parties in New England
Party | Position | Idealogy | Leader | Seats in the House of Representatives | Seats in the Senate | Bloc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party |
Center-Right | Populism, Social Conservatism, Immigrant Interests, Trade Unionism, Protectionism | W. Averell Harriman | 55 / 103 |
7 / 18 |
|
Republican Party |
Center-Left | Liberal Conservatism, Free Trade, Internationalism, Pro-Entente | Thomas E. Dewey | 31 / 103 |
10 / 18 |
|
Constitution Party |
Center | State's Rights, Opposition to Welfare, Deregulation, Constitutionalism, Skepticism towards Entente | Sean Lawrie | 10 / 103 |
1 / 18 |
|
Commonwealth Party |
Right | Traditional Conservatism, Anglo-American Interests, Pro-Business, Full Commonwealth Membership | Clark Kensington | 4 / 103 |
0 / 18 |
List of Presidents of New England
No | Picture | Name | Term | Tenure | Presidential mandate | Affiliation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Percival P. Baxter (1792-1880) |
1 | 21 June 1937 |
19 July 1939 |
Elected by New England State Convention | Independent | |
2 | Hiram Bingham III (1792-1880) |
1 | 19 July 1939 |
5 November 1940 |
Elected in 1939 Snap Election | Independent |
Democratic Party National conservatism, Protectionism
Republican Party Conservative liberalism, Free Trade
No | Picture | Name | Term | Tenure | Presidential mandate | Affiliation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hiram Bingham III (1792-1880) |
1 | 5 November 1940 |
20 January 1945 |
1940 New England General Election | Republican Party | |
2 | W. Averell Harriman (1864-1939) |
1 | 7 November 1944 |
20 January 1949 |
1944 New England General Election | Democratic Party | |
2 | 2 November 1948 |
20 January 1952 |
1948 New England General Election | Democratic Party |
Foreign Relations
The Entente
The British Commonwealth
Democratic People's Federation of America
New England Armed Forces
Army
The New England Army is the land-based component of the New English Armed Forces, and represents the largest portion of its personnel. It is responsible to the Government of the Commonwealth of New England and headed by the Chief of the New English Army, [Insert Name Here], who reports to the Minister of War [Insert Name Here], who reports directly to the President of the Commonwealth of New England.
As of 1950, the New England Army employs numberxhere personnel including the Army Air Corps, New England National Guard, and New England Fire Brigades. Though limited conscription exists in New England, the New England Army is a majority volunteer force and therefore soldiers are considered professionals.
(For further reading, see main article: New England Army)
Army Air Corps
The New England Army Air Corps is the aviation corps within the New English Army and coordinates with the New England Coast Guard Air Corps to defend New English airspace. The New England Army Air Corps is headed by the High Commandant of the New England Army Air Corps, [Insert Name Here]. The largest New England airbases are the Hanscom Airbase, New Boston Airbase, and the JB McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst Airbase.
(For further reading, see main article: New England Army Air Corps)
National Guard
The New England National Guard is the federal authority binding together the Commonwealth's state national guard units. Each state in New England maintains its own state national guard and the state national guards are responsible to the their respective governors. The National Guard is responsible for augmenting the federal army in the case of war, and in peacetime augments the federal army as is needed. In addition to this, the National Guard engages in crowd control and national disaster recovery.
(For further reading, see main article: New England National Guard)
Fire Brigade
The New England Fire Brigade is the federal authority coordinating fire department efforts and logistics in the Commonwealth of New England. Fire departments are fully funded and run on a professional basis and the fire brigade is an alternative option provided for conscripts. The Fire Brigade is tasked with fire and safety operations which local fire departments had operated on a volunteer basis prior to the passage of the National Fire and Safety Act of 1944. In addition, the Fire Brigade is tasked with national forest management and can be partially mobilized as an auxiliary police force in times of crisis. This partial mobilization is limited only to non-essential personnel who would be able to aid local police departments.
Coast Guard
The New England Coast Guard is the marine-based component of the New English Armed Forces, tasked with coastal defense, and rescue operations while also maintaining a major combat component. It is responsible to the Government of the Commonwealth of New England and headed by the Chief of the New English Coast Guard, [Insert Name Here], who reports to the Minister of War [Insert Name Here], who reports directly to the President of the Commonwealth of New England.
As of 1950, the New England Coast Guard employs numberxhere personnel including the Coast Guard Air Corps, the Merchant Marine, and Coastal Defense Corps. Though limited conscription exists in New England, the New England Coast Guard is a majority volunteer force and therefore soldiers are considered professionals.
Coast Guard Air Corps
The Coast Guard Air Corps (CAIP), is the aviation corps of the New England Coast Guard and coordinates with the New England Army Air Corps to defend New English airspace. The CAIP is headed by the Director of the CAIP [Insert name here]. The CAIP operates several rescue stations along the Atlantic Coast and Lake Erie. In addition to these rescue stations, the CAIP shares space with the New England Army Air Corps at the JB McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst Airbase and at some major airports.
Merchant Marine
The Merchant Marine refers to either New England civilian mariners, or to New England civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, and engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of New England. The Merchant Marine primarily transports cargo and passengers during peacetime; in times of war, the Merchant Marine can be an auxiliary to the New England Coast Guard, and can be called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel for the military. Merchant Marine officers may also be commissioned as military officers by the Department of Defense.
Coastal Defense Corps
The New England Coastal Defense Corps (CDC) is an administrative corps responsible for coastal, harbor, and anti-aircraft defense of New England. The Defense Corps is primarily responsible for coastal artillery and anti-air positions throughout the country, which are operated by sailors in the New England Coast Guard. The Coastal Defense Corps is headed by the Director of the CDC, Admiral John Brannox.
Civil Defense Force
The Civil Defense Force is a volunteer based force which is used to augment the Armed forces and for public works projects. It may also be used in conjunction with the National Guard for riot control and national disaster response, and provides a critical role in improving the nation's military infrastructure. It is responsible to the Government of the Commonwealth of New England and headed by the Chief of the Civil Defense Force, [Insert Name Here], who reports to the Minister of War [Insert Name Here], who reports directly to the President of the Commonwealth of New England.
Civil Air Patrol
The Civil Air Patrol is a volunteer organization with an aviation-minded membership. It performs three congressionally assigned key missions: emergency services, which includes search and rescue (by air and ground) and disaster relief operations; aviation education for the general public; and cadet programs for teenage youth. CAP also performs non-auxiliary missions for various governmental and private agencies, such as local law enforcement and the New England Red Cross.
Equipment
Weapons
Weapon | Picture | Origin | Type | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | ||||||
Colt M1911 | United States of America New England |
HandgunF | Used throughout the New England Armed Forces as service pistol. | |||
Submachine guns | ||||||
Thompson Submachinegun | United States of America New England |
Submachinegun | Used by New England Army ground forces. | |||
Sterling mk4 Submachinegun | United Kingdom | Submachinegun | Used by New England Army ground forces. | |||
Rifles | ||||||
M1903 Springfield Rifle | United States of America New England |
Battle Rifle | Used by National Guard and Reservists, currently being stockpiled and exported. | |||
M1 Garand | United States of America New England |
Battle rifle | Used throughout New English Army as standard issue rifle. | |||
M1 Carbine | United States of America New England |
Battle rifle | Used throughout New English Army, being stockpiled to succeed M1 Garand. | |||
Winchester Model 70 | United States of America New England |
Marksman Rifle | Used by marksmen in New English Army | |||
Shotguns | ||||||
Browning Auto-5 | United States of America New England |
Shotgun | Used by New English Army special forces. | |||
Machine guns | ||||||
M1941 Johnson Machine gun | United States of America New England |
Light Machine gun | Used by New English Army | |||
M1919 Browning Machinegun | United States of America New England |
Medium Machine gun | Used by New English Army | |||
M2 Browning | United States of America New England |
Heavy machine gun | Used by New English Army | |||
Anti-materiel weapons | ||||||
Boys anti-tank rifle Mk I | Canada United Kingdom |
Anti-Material Rifle | ||||
M1 Bazooka | United States of America New England |
Anti-tank rocket launcher | ||||
M1 Mortar | United States of America New England |
Mortar | ||||
Special Weapons | ||||||
M2 Flamethrower | United States of America New England |
Flamethrower | ||||
Ground Vehicles
Vehicle | Picture | Origin | Type | In service | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armour | ||||||
M2 Buford | United States of America | Light Tank | 102 | Relegated to training operations, being exported to British colonies for auxiliary use. | ||
M24 Sheridan | New England | Light Tank | 1,028 | Thousands exported to Entente members | ||
M46 Kearny | New England | Medium Tank | 660 | |||
Armoured Cars | ||||||
M3 Scout Car | United States of America New England |
Armored Car | 2,875 | Originally produced by United States Army, variants exist globally | ||
M8 Greyhound | United States of America New England |
Armored Car | 907 | Originally produced by United States Army, variants exist globally | ||
S1 Scout Car | Australasia | Armored Car | 24 | Produced by Ford's Australasian Division, used for training purposes. | ||
Armored Carriers | ||||||
M3 Half Track | United States of America | Armoured Carrier | 2,280 | |||
Universal Carrier | Canada United Kingdom |
Armored Carrier | 1,520 | |||
Trucks | ||||||
Dodge WC Series | United States of America New England |
Truck | 6,422 | |||
Unarmoured Vehicles | ||||||
Willy's MB | United States of America New England |
Utility Truck | 3,422 | |||
Artillery | ||||||
M39 Armored Utility Vehicle | New England | Artillery Tractor | 450 | Converted from Hellcat tractors | ||
Fire Engines | ||||||
Seagrave Fire Truck | New England | Utility Truck | 1,028 | |||
Mack Fire Truck | New England | Utility Truck | 2,944 |
Aircraft
Aircraft | Picture | Origin | Type | In service | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fighter aircraft | ||||||
Dassault Hurricane | France | Fighter Jet | 264 | In active service | ||
Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star | New England | Fighter Jet | 566 | In active service | ||
Lockheed F-94 Starfire | New England | All-weather Interceptor Jet | 488 | In active service | ||
Lockheed T-33 T-Bird | New England | Trainer Jet | 120 | In active service, exported to entente members | ||
Ryan FR Fireball | New England | Fighter Airplane | 70 | Stockpiled, hundreds have been sold to British colonial provinces. | ||
Helicopters | ||||||
Sikorsky S-55 | New England | Utility Helicopter | 473 | Production underway, popular export to Entente | ||
Sikorsky R-6, "Hoverfly" | New England Canada |
Helicopter | 125 | Set aside for civilian sale | ||
Sikorsky H-5 | New England | Search and Rescue Helicopter | 328 | Primarily used by Coast Guard Air Corps | ||
Bell 47 H-13G | New England | Medevac Helicopter | 82 | Some on loan to hospitals | ||
Bell 47 H-13G | New England | Medevac Helicopter | 82 | Some on loan to hospitals | ||
Piasecki HUP Retriever | New England | Transport Helicopter | 202 | Production ongoing | ||
Hiller OH-23 Raven | New England | Multi-role Light Helicopter | 336 | Used throughout New England Armed Forces for various purposes, exported and sold for civilian use |
Watercraft
Vehicle | Picture | Origin | Type | In service | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patrol Ships | ||||||
PT-class | New England | Patrol torpedo boat | 297 | |||
Destroyer Escorts | ||||||
John C. Butler-class | New England | Destroyer Escort | 56 | 38 on loan to the United Kingdom, France and Brazil | ||
Minesweepers | ||||||
YMS1-class | New England | Minesweeper | 76 | |||
Aloe-class | New England | Net-laying ship | 7 | Three on loan to France | ||
Cruisers | ||||||
Manchester-class cruiser | New England | Light Cruiser | 29 | 1 under repairs | ||
Quincy-class cruiser | New England | Light Cruiser | 14 | |||
Aircraft Carriers | ||||||
Essex-class | New England | Aircraft Carrier |
|
|||
Brooklyn-class | New England | Aircraft Carrier |
|
|||
Submarines | ||||||
Balao-class | New England | Fleet submarine | 102 | 18 on loan to Portugal, Sardinia-Piedmont and Greece | ||
Gato-class | United States | Fleet submarine | 52 | |||
Tench-class | New England | Fleet submarine | 78 | Produced at Boston Naval Yard, 12 on loan to Brazil | ||
Frigates | ||||||
Bay-class | United Kingdom | Light surveillance frigate | 12USS New Jersey (BB-62) | |||
Battleships | ||||||
Iowa-class | United States | Battleship |
|
Demographics
Ethnic Groups
Languages
Religion
Economy
Transport
Culture
Music
Music in the past decade has been built around the jazz and big band styles which are popular in New England. Artists like Rosemary Clooney, Count Basie, and Artie Shaw helped to define the musical era with their unique brand of entertaining crowds through their music. This was also the era of the Second American Civil War and the Second World War, and many musical acts over the past decade strived to reflect the pain that the country was going through while still remaining upbeat and positive about the impending future. By the end of the decade, songs by Jimmy Dorsey, Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra had come to characterize the sound of popular music in New England.
Fashion
Fashion in New England is dictated by popular trends, especially with regard to casual attire.
Men
Slim fitting suits, skinny ties, Letterman jackets, bowling shirts, saddle shoes and large rim glasses define the current popular trend in Mens' clothing, and there is a significant British influence on fashion in Boston and northern New England in particular. In New York City, New Jersey and Pennsylvania by contrast, there remains a more American influence on clothing with fedoras and black and white shoes being more common. This has led to the two styles being denoted as Harvard Style and New York Style.
Women
Among women, a more uniform transition in dress has been seen with the turn of the decade. To roughly summarize, New England Womens' fashion is characterized by tea length swing dresses with petticoats for fullness, slim sheath dresses and tailored suits, pencil or circle skirts, poodle skirts for teens, capri pants, high waisted jeans, peter pan collar blouses, twin set cardigan sweaters, swing coats in winter, kitten heels, saddle shoes, stiletto heels and small hats, headscarves, and hair flowers.
Literature
New England has a rich literary history, dating back to the Puritan sermons and devotional writings of Increase Mather (1639-1723) and his son Cotton Mather (1663-1728) during its early colonial era. In Puritan New England, education was highly valued, for it was through education (meaning theological study) that one came to know God. The region's great colleges and universities—Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, Dartmouth, Harvard, Tufts, Williams, Yale—were all founded for the training of young men for the ministry. In time, their objective evolved and New England became a magnet for literati of all beliefs and opinions.
The best-selling American Dictionary of the English Language was written by Yale graduate Noah Webster. First published in 1828, Webster's 70,000-word dictionary was bought by hundreds of thousands of Americans every year—and still is bought in large volume in New England. He is buried in Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven CT.
Among the writers most closely associated with New England is Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882). Emerson's beliefs in the mystical unity of nature and the divine, and Thoreau's championing of the simple life in tune with nature's laws, were radical in 19th-century Concord, Massachusetts. Today such Unitarian and ecological beliefs are accepted by many people around the world. Along with other writers, Emerson was a founder of the Transcendental movement, and had more effect on American literature than any other New Englander. Emerson and his family are buried on Authors Ridge in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord MA.
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), a friend of Emerson's and graduate of Harvard, is best remembered for Walden, or Life in the Woods(1854). This journal of observations and opinions written during his solitary sojourn (1845-47) on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, may be the best-known book on New England. Thoreau was also known for Civil Disobedience, and his accounts of walking trips entitled The Maine Woods and Cape Cod. You can walk the Emerson-Thoreau Amble, the path that he and his mentor Emerson walked to Walden Pond, where you can visit the site of Thoreau's cottage. He's buried on Authors Ridge in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord MA.
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), was born in Salem, Massachusetts, attended Bowdoin College in Maine, then pursued a career which produced The Scarlet Letter, Twice-told Tales, and The House of the Seven Gables. Hawthorne is thought by many to be the writer who established the truly American short story. You can visit The Old Manse and The Wayside in Concord MA, where he and Sophia Hawthorne lived, and also Arrowhead, Herman Melville's house in Pittsfield MA. The Hawthornes are buried on Authors Ridge in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord MA.
Hawthorne's contemporary, Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849), was born in Boston, but pursued his career in Virginia.
Among New England poets, the 1800's belonged to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882). Born in Portland, Maine, he attended Bowdoin College, taught at Harvard, and lived in a big yellow house on Brattle Street in Cambridge MA which is now a historic landmark. Several of Longfellow's poems are so much a part of Americana that many forget that he wrote them: Paul Revere's Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, The Village Blacksmith, Excelsior, and The Wreck of the Hesperus are among the better-known ones. He is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge MA.
Preceding and during the Civil War, New England writers such as abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) and John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) contributed their literary and poetic talents to the struggle to end slavery.
Few Americans realize that Samuel Clemens (1835-1910), better known as Mark Twain, settled in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 35. Though Missouri-born, Twain wrote his masterpieces Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn in Hartford, as well as The Prince and the Pauper, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Touring his grand Victorian mansion at Nook Farm is the high point of a visit to Hartford. He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, Elmira NY.
Robert Frost (1874-1963) was born in San Francisco, but his family had lived in New England for generations. He moved to New England early in life, attended Dartmouth and Harvard without taking a degree, and later returned to teach poetry at Amherst and Harvard. His many books capture the quintessence of New England living and the Yankee soul. You can visit his farms, The Frost Place in Franconia NH, the Robert Frost Farm in Ripton VT, and The Robert Frost Farm in Derry NH. Frost is buried in Old Bennington VT.
Source: New England Travel Planner
Media
Press
Radio
Currently, New England exists within an era of radio in the where it is the dominant electronic home entertainment medium. It began with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting in the early 1920s and has so far persisted, though recently television gradually has begun to challenge radio as the medium of choice for scripted programming, variety and dramatic shows.
Radio was the first broadcast medium, and people regularly tune-in to their favorite radio programs, and families gather to listen to the home radio in the evening. According to a 1947 W. B. Clark survey, 82 out of 100 New English were found to be radio listeners. A variety of new entertainment formats and genres were created for the new medium, many of which have now begun to migrate to television: radio plays, mystery serials, soap operas, quiz shows, talent shows, daytime and evening variety hours, situation comedies, play-by-play sports, children's shows, cooking shows, and more.
Television
Currently, there exist four major broadcasting networks in New England. The National Broadcasting Company (NBC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Commonwealth Broadcasting Network (CBN) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).
The 1950 season became the first in which primetime was entirely covered by the networks. It was also the inaugural season of the Nielsen rating system. Late in the season, the nationwide link was in service and, for the first time ever, residents in the states of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, access was available to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's television programs.
Sport
Major League Baseball
Established in 1947, the New England Major League Baseball Association organized a new league of baseball teams throughout the New England Commonwealth. Some notable former American MLB teams joined the new league, such as the New York Yankees, Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Redsox, however many of these teams were newly organized and there exists at least one team in each state.
Vehicle | Picture | Origin | Type | In service | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Command and Replenishment Ships | ||||||
Northampton-class | New England | Command Ship | 4 | Based on heavy-cruiser designs | ||
Chester-class | New England | Oiler Ship Dithmarschen | 17 | |||
Dithmarschen-class | Germany | Oiler Ship | 5 | |||
Type C2-class | New England | Ammunition Ship | 7 | |||
Rescue Ships | ||||||
Diver-class | New England | Rescue and salvage ship | 11 | |||
Hospital Ships | ||||||
New Haven-class | New England | Hospital Ships | 5 | |||
New Haven-class | New England | Hospital Ships | 5 |
Team | League | First Year | World Series Wins |
---|---|---|---|
Philadelphia Athletics | National | 1947 | 0 |
New York Yankees | National | 1947 | 2 |
Hartford Bluesox | National | 1947 | 0 |
Boston Braves | National | 1947 | 0 |
Providence Grays | National | 1947 | 0 |
Boston Redsox | Commonwealth | 1947 | 1 |
Scranton Pirates | Commonwealth | 1947 | 0 |
New Haven Senators | Commonwealth | 1947 | 0 |
Worcester Cavaliers | Commonwealth | 1947 | 0 |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Commonwealth | 1947 | 1 |
Buffalo Bisons | National | 1948 | 0 |
Atlantic City Outlaws | Commonwealth | 1948 | 0 |
Burlington Bandits | National | 1950 | 0 |
Concord Colonels | National | 1950 | 0 |
Syracuse Stars | Commonwealth | 1950 | 0 |
Portland Mariners | National | 1950 | 0 |
Symbols
New English symbolism is seen in cultural iconography, native cuisine and native wildlife. Such icons vary from state to state, whilst others are ubiquitous in New England.
Cultural Icons
Cultural Icons ubiquitous throughout New England include the Pilgrim, the Puritan Preacher and the Cornucopia. Thanksgiving is an integral holiday to the New English heartland and a massive part of New England's cultural heritage with massive parades and festivities ensuing to commemorate the occasion. The American Christmas, as it had come to take shape during the 1920s has persisted somewhat in New England with mass festivities
Baseball, once a symbol the wider United States, remains the most popular sport in New England, nearly every high school and college has its own baseball team, and the New England Major League Baseball is by far the sport with the largest following in the country. Skiing is also an incredibly popular in New England with access to several mountainous areas to pursue the sport.
Native Cuisine
Cuisine in New England is greatly shaped by the nation's geography. The New English dessert for example is known for Blueberry, Pumpkin and Apple pies. New England cuisine is also characterized by boiled meals, particularly boiled seafood such as lobster, oysters and mussels. WIP
Sources: https://newengland.com/today/living/trivia/state-symbols-of-new-england/ & https://newengland.com/today/living/new-england-nostalgia/75-classic-new-england-foods/
Native Wildlife
Source: https://newengland.com/today/living/trivia/state-symbols-of-new-england/
Public Holidays
Date | Name | Holiday | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 January | New Years' Day | ||
17 February | George Washington's Birthday | ||
10 April | Good Friday | ||
17 April | Patriots' Day | ||
25 May | Memorial Day | ||
22 June | Victory Day | Commemorating the Entente victory in the Second World War | |
4 July | American Independence Day | ||
16 July | UDI Day | ||
7 September | Labor Day | ||
12 October | Columbus Day | ||
26 November | Thanksgiving | ||
25 December | Christmas Day |
- ↑ "Appendix B: Two–Letter State and possession Abbreviations". Postal Addressing Standards. Washington, D.C.: United States Postal Service. May 2015. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
- ↑ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
- ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019". 2010-2019 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 30, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
... provides land, water and total area measurements for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Island Areas. The area measurements were derived from the Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER®) database. The land and water areas, ... reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER® database through August, 2010.
- ↑ "State and Local Government Finances and Employment" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012. p. 284. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
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