File:Einsatzgruppen murder Jews in Ivanhorod, Ukraine, 1942.jpg

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Summary

Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph (Q55424114)   (Wikidata search (Cirrus search) Wikidata query (SPARQL)  Create new Wikidata item based on this file)
Photographer
Unknown authorUnknown author (Sometimes mistakenly attributed to Jerzy Tomaszewski who discovered it.)
Title
Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph (Q55424114)
Description
English: Executions of Jews by German army mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen) near Ivangorod Ukraine. The photo was mailed from the Eastern Front to Germany and intercepted at a Warsaw post office by a member of the Polish resistance collecting documentation on Nazi war crimes. The original print was owned by Tadeusz Mazur and Jerzy Tomaszewski and now resides in Historical Archives in Warsaw. The original German inscription on the back of the photograph reads, "Ukraine 1942, Jewish Action [operation], Ivangorod."
Français : Exécutions de Juifs de Kiev par les unités d’extermination mobiles allemandes (Einsatzgruppen) près d’Ivangorod (Ukraine). La photo fut envoyée en Allemagne depuis le front de l'Est et interceptée à un bureau de poste de Varsovie par un membre de la Résistance polonaise nommé Jerzy Tomaszewski. L’inscription originale [en allemand] au dos de la photographie est : « Ukraine 1942, Action juive [opération], Ivangorod. »
Slovenčina: Poprava kyjevských Židov nemeckými mobilnými vyvražďovacími jednotkami (Ensatzgruppen – skupiny špeciálneho určenia) blízko Ivangorodu na Ukrajine. Fotografia bola odoslaná poštou z východného frontu do Nemecka a zachytená na varšavskej pošte členom poľského odboja menom Jerzy Tomaszewski. Pôvodný nemecký nápis na rube fotografie znie: "Ukrajina 1942, židovská akcia (operácia), Ivangorod."
Polski: Egzekucja Żydów Kijowskich przez niemieckie oddzały Ensatzgruppen niedaleko Ivangrodu na Ukrainie. Fotografia została wysłana z frontu wschodniego do Niemiec, ale zostła przechwycona w Warszawie przez polską komórkę konspiracyjną i znalazła się w kolekcji Jerzego Tomaszewskiego i Tadeusza Mazura. Na tyle fotografii był niemiecki napis Ukraine 1942 - Judenaktion in Iwangorod (Ukraina 1942, Żydowska akcja (operacja), Ivangorod).
Tiếng Việt: Những cuộc hành hình người do thái. Gần Ivangorod, Ucraina. Bức hình này được chụp, gửi qua thư từ Đông Đức và tại một văn phòng báo chí Vácsava đăng bài. Của một thành viên Ba Lan kháng chiến, tên là Jerzy Tomaszewski. Bản gốc Tiếng Đức inscription trên mặt sau của những bức ảnh đọc, "U-crai-na 1942, Jewish thực hiện (thi hành), Ivangorod"
Deutsch: Hinrichtungen von Juden durch Einsatzgruppen nahe Ivangorod in der Ukraine. Das Foto wurde von der Ostfront nach Deutschland geschickt, und in der Warschauer Post von der polnischen Widerstandsbewegung abgefangen. Das Original hat auf der Rückseite die Beschriftung "Ukraine 1942 - Judenaktion in Iwangorod". Das Foto befand sich im Besitz von Tadeusz Mazur und Jerzy Tomaszewski und liegt jetzt im Historischen Archiv Warschau. Es ist über das Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bildnummer 30011071 und das Ullstein-Bildarchiv verfügbar"
Depicted place Ivanhorod. Possibly at site known as "Ivanhorod Mass Grave" at 48°47′05″N 29°47′14″E / 48.78484°N 29.78735°E / 48.78484; 29.78735[1].
Date 1942
date QS:P571,+1942-00-00T00:00:00Z/9
Medium "Small [] photographic print"[2]
Object history
  • 1942: The photograph was mailed from the Eastern Front by a German soldier and intercepted at the Warsaw post office by members of underground the Polish resistance, the Home Army. The interception was a part of well organized effort to collect intelligence from private letters from East Front. The photograph was sent to Foto-Ris, a cell responsible for documenting Nazi war crimes for the Polish government-in-exile, which included among others 16 years old Jerzy Tomaszewski.[4] The photograph was copied and original preserved with other Foto-Ris records.
  • 1959: While working as one of editors of multilingual "1939-1945. We have not forgotten" book[5][3][2] Jerzy Tomaszewski included many of his photographs from Warsaw Uprising and Foto-Ris archive, including this photograph, portion of which was on the front cover.
  • 1962: On January 26, 1962, at the height of the Cold War the Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung (German Soldier' Daily), a German newspaper, printed an article by Professor Otto Croy claiming the photograph to be a Russian forgery. The main allegations were that the soldier in the photo did not use regular German uniform or weapon[2], also it was claimed that the scene did not resemble a German killing: well-organised, preprepared grave and naked victims.[6]
  • 1962: On February 25, 1962, Jerzy Tomaszewski and fellow editor Tadeusz Mazur, responded in Polish magazine Świat by publishing a second image from the set. It showed five armed men, four in uniform and one dressed as a civilian – standing looking towards the camera behind a number of bodies on the ground. The flat barren landscape is identical to that featured in the first photograph. One of the uniformed men, with a weapon slung around his neck, looks like the man pointing the gun at the woman and the child. On the back of the photograph, in the same handwriting as the first, is written: Ukraine 1942.[2]
  • 1964: Der Spiegel, popular German weekly (Nr. 49/1964) published the photograph along with comments by readers claiming it to be a fake.[3]
  • 1965, Kurt Vieweg wrote to Der Spiegel and stated that the uniform did resemble those worn by members of the Einsatzgruppen, a formation to which he had belonged in Norway.[2]
Exhibition history
Inscriptions

Text verso:

Ukraine 1942 - Judenaktion in Iwangorod
[Ukraine 1942 - Jewish operation in Ivanhorod]
References
Source
Other versions
Image extraction processThis file has an extracted image: Einsatzgruppen murder Jews in Ivanhorod, Ukraine, 1942 (cropped).jpg.
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Licensing

Public domain
This photograph is in the public domain because according to the Art. 3 of copyright law of March 29, 1926 of the Republic of Poland and Art. 2 of copyright law of July 10, 1952 of the People's Republic of Poland, all photographs by Polish photographers (or published for the first time in Poland or simultaneously in Poland and abroad) published without a clear copyright notice before the law was changed on May 23, 1994 are assumed to be in the public domain in Poland.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

  1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
  2. it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
  3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Poland) on the URAA date (1 January 1996).
To uploader: Please provide where and when the image was first published.
Annotations
InfoField
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References

  1. ↑ Lo-Tishkach (2013). Ivanhorod, Uman-Vinnytsia road. European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved on 13 July 2013.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Janina Struk (October 15, 2011). Private Pictures: Soldiers' Inside View of War (Google Books) 78-79, 85-87. I.B.Tauris. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.
  3. ↑ a b c d Datum: 30. November Betr.: Abermals Fälschungen (Again fakes). 49/1964. Der Spiegel (02.12.1964). Archived from the original on 2014-12-13. Retrieved on 13 July 2013. "PDF copy of the 1964 article made available by the publisher along with the article."
  4. ↑ Struk, Janina (28 July 2005). "My duty was to take pictures". The Guardian.
  5. ↑ Zwiazek Bojowników o Wolnosc i Demokracje / League of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy / Union des Combattants pour la Liberté et la Démiocratie / Verband der Kämpfer für Freiheit und Demokratie (1959) 1939-1945. We have not forgotten / Nous n'avons pas oublié / Wir haben es nicht vergessen., Warsaw: Polonia, pp. 267 no ISBN
  6. ↑ Beachcombing (28 July 2013). Image: Murder of Woman and Child at Ivanhorod. The Independent.co.uk. Retrieved on 4 October 2013.
  7. ↑ Główny Zarząd Polityczny WP (1960) Z Dziejów Wojny Wyzwoleńczej Narodu Polskiego 1939-1945, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, pp. 255 no ISBN
  8. ↑ Time-Life Books, WWII, The Nazis, 1967
  9. ↑ Ward Rutherford (1973) Genocide: the Jews in Europe 1939-45, Ballantine Books 0345030907
  10. ↑ Martin Gilbert (1979) The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, Holt Paperbacks, pp. 82−83 0805003487
  11. ↑ Henryk Latoś (1985) Z historii fotografii wojennej, Warsaw: MON 8311070490
  12. ↑ D. Goldhagen (1997) Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, Vintage 0679772685
  13. ↑ This Century, Peter Jennings and Todd Brewster, 1998, p260
  14. ↑ Darlene R. Stille (January 1, 2011). Architects of the Holocaust 36–37. Capstone. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.
  15. ↑ Brendan Redko (2013). An Ordinary Polish Boy: Journey to England (Google Books) 18. AuthorHouse. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.
  16. ↑ Time-Life Editors (1989) WW II: Time-Life Books History of the Second World War, Prentice Hall 0139220224
  17. ↑ a b c d Robert Fisk (19 November 2011). Robert Fisk: Ukraine, 1942. What are we seeing?. The Independent.co.uk. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.

Captions

Ukraine 1942 - Executions of Jews by German army mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen) near Ivangorod Ukraine

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Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph

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