View source for Konalanese language

{{Infobox language
| name             = Konalanese
| nativename       = ''ʻŌlelo Konalani''
| pronunciation    = [ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]
| state            = [[Konalani]]
| ethnicity        = [[Native Konalanese|Native Konalanese]]
| speakers         = {{wp|First language|L1}}: 30,000
| date             = 2020
| speakers2        = {{wp|Second language|L2}}: 75,000 (2020)<br>Total: 105,000
| familycolor = Boreaurelian
| fam2        = Marenesian
| fam3        = [[Orientic languages|Orientic]]
| ancestor         = {{wp|Proto-Polynesian language|Proto-Orientic}}
| script           = {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}<br>Orientic Braille
| sign             = Konalanese Signed Language
| nation           = {{flag|Konalani}}
| iso1             = ko
| iso2             = kon
| iso3             = kon
| map              = Lang_Status_60-DE.svg
| mapcaption       = {{center|Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[Assembled Nations]]}}
| notice           = IPA
}}
'''Konalanese''' (''ʻŌlelo Konalani'', pronounced [ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]) is a [[Orientic languages|Orientic]] language indigenous to the islands of [[Konalani]], where it is an official language. As of 2020, around 30,000 declare fluency in Konalanese as a first language, while an additional 75,000 claim varying levels of fluency in it as a second language. Konalanese is closely related to [[Taruan language|Taruan]], which developed out of Konalanese from the 11th century onwards.

Forming as the language of the [[Native Konalanese]] from the 6th century onwards, Konalanese as a living language faced a rapid decline in the 19th century, as the arrival of {{wp|English langauge|Anglish}} and [[Oharic language|Oharic]]-speaking settlers displaced the Native Konalanese, alongside a population decline within the indigenous population due to disease and poverty. In 1948, Konalanese was re-affirmed as one of three official languages in Konalani, and since the 1950s has seen a revival in its use in governmental, academic, and private spaces. Despite this growth, Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[Assembled Nations]], one of the few official languages of an internationally recognized sovereign state to be given this designation. 
==Family and origin==
==History==
{{Pie chart
| thumb  = left
| caption= Konalanese speakers in Konalani, 2020.
| label1 = {{wp|First language}}
| value1 = 24.70
| color1 = red
| label2 = {{wp|Second language}}
| value2 = 61.74
| color2 = pink
| label3 = Non-speakers
| value3 = 13.57
| color3 = white
}}
==Orthography==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Aa || Ee || Ii || Oo || Uu || Hh || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Pp || Ww || {{big|{{wp|ʻOkina|ʻ}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/k~t/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/v~w/}} || {{IPA|/{{wp|Glottal stop|ʔ}}/}}
|}
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonants
!
!{{wp|labial consonant|Labial}}
!{{wp|alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
!{{wp|velar consonant|Velar}}
!{{wp|glottal consonant|Glottal}}
|-
!{{wp|Nasal stop|Nasal}}
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
|
|-
!{{wp|Plosive}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA link|t}} ~ {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
!{{wp|Fricative}}
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|w}} ~ {{IPA link|v}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
!{{wp|Sonorant}}
| {{IPA link|l}} ~ {{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|
|}

===Vowels===
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{wp|Monophthong}}s
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | {{wp|Vowel length|Short}}
! colspan=2 | {{wp|Vowel length|Long}}
|-
! {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! {{wp|Back vowel|Back}}
! Front
! Back
|-
!{{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
|{{IPA link|i}}
|{{IPA link|u}}
|{{IPA link|iː}}
|{{IPA link|uː}}
|-
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
|{{IPA link|ɛ}} ~ {{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|{{IPA link|eː}}
|{{IPA link|oː}}
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|a}} ~ {{IPA link|ɐ}} ~ {{IPA link|ə}}
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|aː}}
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Short {{wp|diphthong}}s
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! colspan=4 | Ending with...
|-
! {{IPA|/u/}}
! {{IPA|/i/}}
! {{IPA|/o/}}
! {{IPA|/e/}}
|-
! rowspan=4 {{vert header|Starting with...}}
! {{IPA|/i/}}
| {{IPA|iu}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{IPA|ou}}
| {{IPA|oi}}
|
|
|-
! {{IPA|/e/}}
| {{IPA|eu}}
| {{IPA|ei}}
|
|
|-
! {{IPA|/a/}}
| {{IPA|au}}
| {{IPA|ai}}
| {{IPA|ao}}
| {{IPA|ae}}
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{|class="wikitable"
|+Long diphthongs
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! colspan=4 | Ending with...
|-
! {{IPA|/u/}}
! {{IPA|/i/}}
! {{IPA|/o/}}
! {{IPA|/e/}}
|-
! rowspan=3 {{vert header|Starting with...}}
! {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{IPA|oːu}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{IPA|/e/}}
|
| {{IPA|eːi}}
|
|
|-
! {{IPA|/a/}}
| {{IPA|aːu}}
| {{IPA|aːi}}
| {{IPA|aːo}}
| {{IPA|aːe}}
|}
</div>
==See also==
[[Category:Konalani]]