Konalanese language

Konalanese
ʻŌlelo Konalani
Pronunciation	[ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]
Native to	Konalani
Ethnicity	Native Konalanese
Native speakers	L1: 30,000 (2020) L2: 55,000 (2020) Total: 85,000
Language family	Boreaurelian Marenesian Tanatan Eastern Tanatan Konalanese
Early form	Proto-Tanatan
Writing system	Latin Tanatan Braille
Signed forms	Konalanese Signed Language
Official status
Official language in	Konalani
Language codes
ISO 639-1	ko
ISO 639-2	kon
ISO 639-3	kon
Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the Assembled Nations

Konalanese (ʻŌlelo Konalani, pronounced [ʔoːˈlɛlo ˈko.naˈla.ni]) is a Eastern Tanatan language indigenous to the islands of Konalani, where it is an official language. As of 2020, around 30,000 declare fluency in Konalanese as a first language, while an additional 55,000 claim varying levels of fluency in it as a second language. Konalanese is closely related to Taruan, which developed out of Konalanese from the 11th century onwards.

Forming as the language of the Native Konalanese from the 6th century onwards, Konalanese as a living language faced a rapid decline in the 19th century, as the arrival of Anglish and Oharic-speaking settlers displaced the Native Konalanese, alongside a population decline within the indigenous population due to disease and poverty. In 1948, Konalanese was re-affirmed as one of three official languages in Konalani, and since the 1950s has seen a revival in its use in governmental, academic, and private spaces. Despite this growth, Konalanese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the Assembled Nations, one of the few official languages of an internationally recognized sovereign state to be given this designation.

History

Konalanese speakers in Konalani, 2020.

  First language (24.70%)

  Second language (45.27%)

  Non-speakers (30.03%)

Orthography

Aa	Ee	Ii	Oo	Uu	Hh	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Pp	Ww	ʻ
/a/	/e/	/i/	/o/	/u/	/h/	/k~t/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/p/	/v~w/	/ʔ/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n
Plosive	p	t ~ k		ʔ
Fricative	w ~ v			h
Sonorant		l ~ ɾ

Vowels

Monophthongs

	Short		Long
	Front	Back	Front	Back
Close	i	u	iː	uː
Mid	ɛ ~ e	o	eː	oː
Open	a ~ ɐ ~ ə		aː

Short diphthongs

		Ending with...
		/u/	/i/	/o/	/e/
Starting with...	/i/	iu
	/o/	ou	oi
	/e/	eu	ei
	/a/	au	ai	ao	ae

Long diphthongs

		Ending with...
		/u/	/i/	/o/	/e/
Starting with...	/o/	oːu
	/e/		eːi
	/a/	aːu	aːi	aːo	aːe