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| {{Infobox country
| | [[File:CentralCity.jpg|thumb|right| A model of [[Kandaal]], the capital of the [[Svai Empire]] during the Venghuo period.]] |
| |micronation = <!--yes if a micronation-->
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| |conventional_long_name = Tuchan
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| |native_name = 沈国 <br>''Shěnguó''
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| |common_name = Tuchan
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| |status = <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations-->
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| |image_flag = Tuchanflag3.png
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| |alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
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| |flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
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| |image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
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| |alt_flag2 = <!--alt text for second flag-->
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| |flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
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| |image_coat = [[File:TuchanEmblem2.png|65px]]
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| |alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> | |
| |symbol_type = [[National Emblem of Tuchan|National Emblem]] | |
| |national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
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| |englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto-->
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| |national_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
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| |royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
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| |other_symbol_type = [[Heirloom Seal of Tuchan|Supreme Seal]]
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| |other_symbol = [[File:TuchanEmblem.png|100px]]
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| |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:TuchanGlobe.png|frameless|x200px]]|Show globe|[[File:TuchanLocation.png|upright=1.15|frameless|x200px]]|Show map of Catai|default=1}}
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| | map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[Catai]] |region_color=dark grey}}
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| |loctext = <!--text description of location of country-->
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| |alt_map = <!--alt text for map-->
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| |image_map2 = <!--Another map, if required-->
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| |alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map-->
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| |map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map-->
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| |capital = [[Heshi]]
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| |coordinates = <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
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| |largest_city =
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| |largest_settlement_type = city
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| |largest_settlement = [[Tangkou]]
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| |official_languages = [[wikipedia:Standard Chinese|Standard Tuchanese]]
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| |national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
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| |regional_languages = {{hlist |[[wikipedia:Korean language|Kosanese]] |[[wikipedia:Mongolian language|Khoyoran]] |[[wikipedia:Manchu language|Ilhayan]] |[[wikipedia:Tuvan language|Chashkheer]] |[[Languages of Tuchan|various others]]}}
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| |languages_type = [[wikipedia:Official script|Official script]]
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| |languages = [[wikipedia:Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Tuchanese]]
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| |languages_sub = <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
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| |languages2_type = <!--Another further type of language-->
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| |languages2 = <!--Languages of this second further type-->
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| |languages2_sub = <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
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| |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
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| |Majority [[wikipedia:Han Chinese|Shen]]
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| |{{collapsible list
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| |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
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| |title = [[List of ethnic groups in Tuchan|90 minorities]]
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| | 4.88% [[wikipedia:Korean people|Kosan]] | 2.56% [[wikipedia:Assamese people|Aurghaan]] | 1.33% [[wikipedia:Zhuang people|Khund]] | 0.71% [[wikipedia:Miao people|Tiung]] | 0.71% [[wikipedia:Amdo people|Amka]] | 0.68% [[wikipedia:Nanai people|Darain]] | 0.62% {[[wikipedia:Tujia people|Mongir]] | 0.61% [[wikipedia:Yi people|Nuo]] | 0.60% [[wikipedia:Gondi people|Koitur]] | 0.51% [[wikipedia:Mongol people|Khoyor]] | 0.45% [[wikipedia:Khams people|Amkhor]] | 0.41% [[wikipedia:Tuvan people|Chashkheer]] | 3.26% [[List of ethnic groups in Tuchan|other]]
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| }}
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| }}
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| |ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)-->
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| |ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
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| |religion =
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| {{plainlist|{{small|[[wikipedia:State religion|State religion]]:}}
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| *[[Zohism]]
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| {{small|Constitutionally recognised minorities:}}
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| *[[wikipedia:Folk religion|Folk or Traditional]]
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| *[[wikipedia:Chinese salvationist religions|Neo-Salvationism]]
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| *[[Alydianism]]
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| *[[Jyanism]]
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| }}
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| |religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
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| |religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
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| |demonym = Tuchanese
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| |government_type = [[wikipedia:Unitary|Unitary]] [[Zohism|Zohist]] [[wikipedia:dominant-party|multi-party]] {{wp|authoritarian}} {{wp|theocratic republic}}
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| |leader_title1 = [[Supreme Leader of Tuchan|Supreme Leader]]
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| |leader_name1 = [[Tan Jiayi]]
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| |leader_title2 = [[Chairman of the Central Security Committee (Tuchan)|Chairman]]
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| |leader_name2 = [[Meng Zhelan]]
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| |leader_title3 = [[Premier of Tuchan|Premier]]
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| |leader_name3 = [[Mo Jianhong]]
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| <!--......-->
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| |leader_title14 = <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
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| |leader_name14 =
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| |legislature = [[National Convention of Tuchan|National Convention]]
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| |upper_house = <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
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| |lower_house = <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")-->
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| |sovereignty_type = [[History of Tuchan|Formation]]
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| |sovereignty_note =
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| |established_event1 = [[Xu dynasty|First pre-imperial dynasty]]
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| |established_date1 = c. 1780 CE
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| |established_event2 = [[Zhou dynasty|First imperial dynasty]]
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| |established_date2 = 38 CE
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| |established_event3 = [[Bailian Revolution]]
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| |established_date3 = 4 October 1933
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| |established_event5 = [[Kosan (Tuchan|Last polity]] [[wikipedia:annexation|admitted]]
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| |established_date5 = 14 December 1946
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| <!--......-->
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| |established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)-->
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| |established_date13 =
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| |area_rank = 1st
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| |area = <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
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| |area_km2 =
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| |area_sq_mi =
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| |area_footnote = <!--Optional footnote for area-->
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| |percent_water = 2.1%
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| |area_label = Total
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| |area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
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| |area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
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| |population_estimate = {{increase}}446,843,543
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| |population_estimate_rank = 1st
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| |population_estimate_year = 2020
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| |population_census = 425,513,765
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| |population_census_rank = 1st
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| |population_census_year = 2016
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| |population_density_km2 = 98
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| |population_density_sq_mi =
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| |population_density_rank =
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| |nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
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| |GDP_PPP =
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| |GDP_PPP_rank =
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| |GDP_PPP_year =
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| |GDP_PPP_per_capita =
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| |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
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| |GDP_nominal =
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| |GDP_nominal_rank =
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| |GDP_nominal_year =
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| |GDP_nominal_per_capita =
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| |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
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| |Gini = 47.7
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| |Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
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| |Gini_rank =
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| |Gini_change = increase
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| |Gini_year = 2020
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| |HDI_year = 2020
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| |HDI = 0.712
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| |HDI_change = increase
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| |HDI_rank =
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| |HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
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| |currency = [[Minbi (Tuchan)|Minbi]] (yuan; ¥)
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| |currency_code = MNB
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| |time_zone = <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
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| |utc_offset = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
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| |time_zone_DST = <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
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| |utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
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| |DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
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| |antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
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| |date_format = yyyy-mm-dd
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| |electricity = <!--e.g. "230 V–50 Hz"-->
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| |drives_on = left
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| |cctld = <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)
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| |iso3166code = <!--ISO code only; no extra text. Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
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| |calling_code = +52
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| |patron_saint = <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
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| |image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
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| |alt_map3 = <!--alt text for third map position-->
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| |footnote_a = <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
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| |footnote_b = <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
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| <!--......-->
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| |footnote_h = <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
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| |footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
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| }}
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| [[Category:Tuchan]][[Category:East Cataian countries]]
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| '''Tuchan''' ({{wp|Chinese language|Tuchanese}}: 沈国; pinyin: ''Shěnguó''; {{literal translation}}: 'State of the Shen'), officially the '''Zohist State of Tuchan''' ({{wp|Chinese language|Tuchanese}}: 沈华鄒国; ''Shěnhuá Zōuguó''), is a country in [[East Catai]]. With a population of [[Tuchan#Demographics|445 million]], and an area covering approximately x million square kilometres (x million mi<sup>2</sup>), it is the world's most populous country, and the world's largest country by area. | | The '''Venghuo period''' ({{wp|Khmer language|Svai}}: វែងហួ ''venghuo''; {{wp|Sino-xenic|Shao-xenic}}: 平和 ''banghuo'') is a historical era of the [[Svai Empire]], traditionally dated as starting in 752 and ending in 1061. It was a period of [[Siamat|Siamati history]] marked by an extensive and unprecedented time of peace and prosperity, underpinned by numerous cultural and religious renaissances. The [[Svai Emperor|imperial court]] was the paramount authority in the empire, and was greatly strengthened by numerous reforms, basing itself upon the [[Tao dynasty|Xiaodongese model of governance]]. It became a centre for the arts and literature, and sponsored numerous architectural and economic works. [[Kandaal]] reached its zenith during this period, potentially becoming the [[List of largest cities throughout history (Kylaris)|most populated city]] in the world, possibly supporting over a million people. |
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| One of the world's {{wp|cradle of civilisation|cradles of civilisation}}, the [[Beifong river|Beifong]] and [[Hongse river|Hongse]] rivers provided fertile ground for numerous pre-dynastic {{wp|state (polity)|polities}} and {{wp|nation|nations}}. After the [[Zhou's wars of unfication|unification of Tuchan]] in the 2nd century BCE, Tuchan has been governed cyclically by numerous dynasties, along with various periods of division.
| | By the end of this period the imperial court had largely lost control of the country. Military authority rested in the hands of the local gentry, the ''[[Oknya]]'' , who used it to expand their power-bases, allowing banditry to become rampant. The end of this period, and the start of the [[Peanchao period]] coincided with the [[Kasi migrations]], and the Oknya took advantage of this to secure for themselves {{wp|mercenaries}} and settle them in {{wp|garrison|garrison cities}}. This would later prove disastrous, as the [[Kasi]] would establish their own kingdoms, which would later dismantle the empire. |
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| ==Names== | | ==Etymology== |
| {{main|Names of Tuchan}}
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| The name "Tuchan" is an {{wp|exonym}}, and has been in common usage since the 11th century. It has its origin in the {{wp|Sanskrit language|Dharavi}} word ''Tucchyána''. Via {{wp|Greek language|Myrian}} and {{wp|Classical Latin|Pergalean}} ''Toúchanai'' and ''Tucanae'' this became {{wp|French language|Mirician}} ''Tuchan''.
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| The word ''Toúchanai'' was allegedly first attested by [[Kephalon]], in his now lost works, after his voyages to {{wp|Ancient India|Ancient Dharavat}} sometime in the 4th century BCE. The Dharavi word ''Tucchyána'', which means ''vast emptiness'', referred to the {{wp|Pacific ocean|Calidine ocean}}, but this distinction was not retained by those writing about Kephalon's accounts. The cognate ''Toheng'', from {{wp|Persian language|Pouremanian}} ''tuhīg'' was the more common name until the 11th century. It was distinguished between [[Names of Dharavat|Near Toheng]], which roughly referred to modern-day {{wp|South Asia|Dharavat}} and [[Western Tuchan|the western regions of Tuchan]], and [[Names of Tuchan|Far Toheng]], which referred to [[Eastern Tuchan|Tuchan-proper]] as well as [[Kosan]] and northern [[Tsukigata]].
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| The official name of Tuchan is the "Zohist State of Tuchan" ({{wp|Chinese language|Tuchanese}}: 沈华鄒国; ''Shěnhuá Zōuguó''), while the more common form is "Tuchan" ({{wp|Chinese language|Tuchanese}}: 沈国 ''Shěnguó''). This is the shortened form of ''Shěnhuáguó'' (沈华国). ''Guó'' (国) means "state", while ''Shěnhuá'' (沈华) means "civilisation of the Shen", with ''Shěn'' (沈) deriving from the [[Shen dynasty]] and ''huá'' (华) being a shortened form of ''Huáxià'' which means "land of illustrious clothing and grand ritual", a byword for civilisation.
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| ==History== | | ==History== |
| {{main|History of Tuchan}}
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| ===Early dynastic rule=== | | ==Culture== |
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| ===Early imperial=== | | ===Religion=== |
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| ===Late imperial=== | | ===Art and architecture=== |
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| ===Modern Tuchan=== | | ===Literature=== |
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| ==Geography== | | ==Economics== |
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| ==Politics==
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| {{multiple image
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| | align = right
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| | direction = horizontal
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| | caption_align = center
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| | image1 = SupremeLeaderDalai.png
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| | caption1 = [[Tan Jiayi]]<br/><small>[[Supreme Leader of Tuchan|Supreme Leader]]</small>
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| | width1 = 143
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| | image2 = Lee_Hsien_Loong_June_2018.JPG
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| | caption2 = [[Meng Zhelan]]<br/><small>[[Zhiquan of Tuchan|Chairman]]</small>
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| | width2 = 100
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| | total_width =
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| | image3 = Boxilai.jpg
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| | caption3 = [[Mo Jianhong]]<br/><small>[[Premier of Tuchan|Premier]]</small>
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| | width3 = 112
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| }}
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| ==Military==
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| ==Economy==
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| ==Demographics==
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| ==Culture==
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