Haydag language: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 686: Line 686:
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
TBA
 
====Tenses====
=====1 Conjunction=====
 
''орфе'' - sing
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; font-family:Calibri;"
!rowspan="2"|Mood
!rowspan="2"|Person
!rowspan="2"|Number
!colspan="2"|Past
!colspan="2"|Present
!colspan="2"|Future
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past
|-
!Simple
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}}
!Simple
!|{{H:title|though the words are the same, Continous exists through context|Continious}}
!Simple
!Perfect
!Simple
!Perfect
|-
!rowspan="8"|Indicative
!rowspan="2"|1st
!Singular
| ''орфе'''ят''
| ''орфе'''яда''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''я''
| '''''л'''орфе'''я''
| '''''л'''орфе'''ян''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''я''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''ян''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''чет''
| ''орфе'''чеда''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''че''
| '''''л'''орфе'''че''
| '''''л'''орфе'''чен''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''че''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''чен''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|2nd
!Singular
| ''орфе'''шет''
| ''орфе'''щеде''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''ш''
| '''''л'''орфе'''ш''
| '''''л'''орфе'''шен''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''ш''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''шен''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''смет''
| ''орфе'''смеде''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''сме''
| '''''л'''орфе'''сме''
| '''''л'''орфе'''смен''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''сме''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''смен''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|3d
!Singular
| ''орфе'''йт''
| ''орфе'''йде''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''й''
| '''''л'''орфе'''й''
| '''''л'''орфе'''йн''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''й''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''йн''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''нит''
| ''орфе'''ниде''
| colspan="2" |''орфе'''ни''
| '''''л'''орфе'''ни''
| '''''л'''орфе'''нин''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''ни''
| '''''хел'''орфе'''нин''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Imperative
!rowspan="3"|All
!colspan="1"|Singular
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''ти''
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''ути''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
|-
!colspan="1"|Plural
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''тя''
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''утя''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
|}
<br>
=====2nd Conjunction=====
 
''чкем'' - drink
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; font-family:Calibri;"
!rowspan="2"|Mood
!rowspan="2"|Person
!rowspan="2"|Number
!colspan="2"|Past
!colspan="2"|Present
!colspan="2"|Future
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past
|-
!Simple
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}}
!Simple
!|{{H:title|though the words are the same, Continous exists through context|Continious}}
!Simple
!Perfect
!Simple
!Perfect
|-
!rowspan="8"|Indicative
!rowspan="2"|1st
!Singular
| ''чкем'''тем''
| ''чкем'''емде''
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''ем''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ем''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''емен''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ем''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''емен''
|-
!Plural
| ''чкем'''теч''
| ''чкем'''ечде''
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''еч''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''еч''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ечен''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''еч''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ечен''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|2nd
!Singular
| ''чкем'''ашт''
| ''чкем'''ашда''
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''аш''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''аш''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ашан''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''аш''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ашан''
|-
!Plural
| ''чкем'''есет''
| ''чкем'''еседе''
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''есе''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''есе''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''есен''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''есе''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''есен''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|3d
!Singular
| ''чкем'''ат''
| ''чкем'''ада''
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''а''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''а''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ан''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''а''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ан''
|-
!Plural
| ''чкем'''анит''
| ''чкем'''анида''
| colspan="2" |чкем'''ани''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ани''
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''анин''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ани''
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''анин''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Imperative
!rowspan="3"|All
!colspan="1"|Singular
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''ти''
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''ути''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
|-
!colspan="1"|Plural
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''тя''
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''утя''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
|}
 
====Direction====
Mokhavic has a {{wp|Polypersional agreement}} where a verb contains both the body doing the action and the body expiriencing the action.
{| class="wikitable"; font-family:Calibri;"
! colspan="2" |
!Suffix
!Example
|-
! rowspan="2" | Self
! Singular
| rowspan="2" | ''-(т)оф''
| ''чкемемде'''тоф''''' (i drank myself - "i got drunk")
|-
! Plural
| ''чкемечде'''тоф''''' (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2s
! Singular
| ''-ши''
| ''уттем'''ши''' (i hit you)
|-
! Plural
| ''-мсе''
| ''уттем'''мсе''' (i hit you)
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3s
! Singular
| ''-(й)и''
| ''уташт'''и''' (you hit him/her)
|-
! Plural
| ''-(й)ий''
| ''уташт'''ий''' (you hit them)
|-
|}
====Negatoin====
For negation the prefix "ю-" is added in singular, and in plural the prefix "йор-", for example '' 'чкемтеми' ''(i drank it) and '' 'ючкемтеми' ''(i didn't drank it), and in plural 'чкемтечи' ''(i drank them) and '' 'йорчкемтечи' ''(i didn't drank them).
===='To'====
In mokhavic there's a suffix that has the translated meaning of "to", as in "you want me to drink" would be literaly ''you-want to-drink-i''.
 
===Synatx===
===Synatx===
Mokhavic is generally SVO, though SOV can be used too, and other word orders commonly apear in folk songs and poetry. Possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.
Mokhavic is generally SVO, though SOV can be used too, and other word orders commonly apear in folk songs and poetry. Possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.

Revision as of 23:22, 16 May 2021

Mokhavic
Mokhian, Kolkhian
Мохшаш Ньен, Мохшашла
Pronunciation/ˈmɔx.ʃäʃ ɲɛn/ Speaker Icon.svg
/ˈmɔx.ʃäʃ.la̽/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to Qazhshava
RegionSouthern Thuadia
EthnicityMokhavics
Native speakers
L1: -
L2: -
Paleo-Qazhshavan
  • Proto-Mokhavic
    • Mokhavic
Standard forms
Mezhian
Dialects
  • Northern Hill
  • Southern Hill (Mezhian)
  • Meadow
  • Transmountain
  • Anravy-Basil
  • Nashean
Govoric
Official status
Official language in
 Qazhshava
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1mh
ISO 639-2mkh
ISO 639-3mkh
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Mokhavic language is the most spoken language of the Mokhavic languages, and the official language of the nation of Qazhshava. It is an ancient Thuadian tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding Thuado-Thrismaran languages.

Classification

As of yet, any attempts to link the Mokhavic languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the Thuado-Thrismaran languages, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages.

Dialects

The standart form of the Mokhavic language is based on the mezhian dialect, also known as the Southern Hill dialect.

History

TBA

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar glottal
Nasal m n ɲ
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɣ (ɡ)[a]
Affricate voiceless t̬͡s[b] t̬͡ʃ[c]
voiced
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x~h
voiced v z ʒ
Aproximant voiced w l j
ʎ
Tap & Trill voiced ɾ
  1. ↑ Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in loanwords and in stressed syllables.
  2. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡z and voicless t͡s.
  3. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡ʒ and voicless t͡ʃ.

Vowels

Front Back
Close i u
Close-Mid ɤ
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a~ɑ

Stress

Stress is always on the first syllable of the word, except when the word has multiple syllables and is in plural form:

  • Цáл - water ; Цáлар - waters
  • Кóчер - stone ; Кочéрар - stones

Writing System

Mokhavic is written using the Govoric script, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence Govoric version:

А а Ӑ ӑ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з
И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р
С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Ы ы
Ь ь Ю ю Я я


However the government adapted a standartized Romanized form of the script in the late 20th century Romanized version:

А а Ӑ ӑ B b C c Č č D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p
Q q R r S s Š š T t U u V v W w X x
Y y Z z Ž ž


Detailed table

Bruh Name IPA Romanized
А а а /a/ a /ɐ/ when reduced.
Ӑ ӑ ӑ /ɤ/ ă /ə/ when reduced.
Б б бӑ /b/ b
В в вӑ /v/ v
Г г гӑ /ɣ/,/ɡ/ g Usually by 2L speakers, foreing loanwords, and in some dialects, it gets pronoucned as /ɡ/.
Д д дӑ /d/ d
Е е е /ɛ/ e /e~ɪ/ when reduced.
Ж ж жӑ /ʒ/ ž
З з зӑ /z/ z
И и и /i/ i
Й й йӑ /j/ j It's used only as a first letter, when it appears after a vowel.
К к кӑ /k/ k
Л л лӑ /l/ l In some dialects it can get pronounced /w/ after vowels.
М м мӑ /m/ m
Н н нӑ /n/ n
О о о /ɔ/ o
П п пӑ /p/ p
Р р рӑ /ɾ/, /r/ r
С с сӑ /s/ s
Т т тӑ /t/ t
У у у /u/ u
Ф ф фӑ /f/ f
х х хӑ /x~h/ h
Ц ц цӑ /t̬͡s/ c The language dosen't distinguish voiced/unvoiced versions of /t͡s~d͡z/ & /t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ/,

instead the value of the sound is often determied by the previous sound, if it's voiceless or a vowel
the affricate is also voiceless, if its voiced, then the affricate is voiced too, but it the voiceness
dosen't matter in practice.

Ч ч чӑ /t̬͡ʃ/ č
Ш ш шӑ /ʃ/ š
Ы ы ӑ-паль,
и-грек 		/ɤ/ y Only in loanwords.
Ь ь йӑ-паль /◌ʲ/ j Used only after consonants, except in conbination with 'У у' for the govoric version of 'W w'.
Ю ю ю /ju/ ju
Я я я /ja/,/ɛ/ ja/е In some dialects it geats read as /ɛ/ when its between consonants.
Ль ль льӑ /ʎ/ lj
Нь нц ньӑ /ɲ/ nj
Кь кь Кю /kʷ/,/kʲ/,/c/ q Only in foreign words. /kʷ/ after every vowel except ⟨i⟩ & ⟨e⟩, where its /kʲ/.
Уь уь
Ў ў 		уьӑ
ўӑ 		/w/ w ⟨ў⟩ is usually used in handwriting and sometimes in logos, in recent years it has gained popularity
but isn't recognized as an official letter.
Кс кс икс /k͡s/ x Only in foreign words

Brail

TBA

Keyboard layout

TBA

Grammar

Syllable structure

Mokhavic's syllable structure is classed as complex.

  • (C)(C)V(C2)(S)
  • S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)
  • if C2 is a consonant of the (S) class, then the (S) consonant can be a stop

Morphology

Mokhavic is generally an agglutinative language, there are many suffixes going into a verb, for example 'йорхелӑчкемеченой' (we wern't going to drink it), the verb can be broken down into parts 'йор-хе-лӑ-чкем-еч-ен-ой' . Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb.

Number & Articles

Mokhavian has 2 numbers; Singular and Plural

Plurality
Multisyllabic Monosyllabic
-(т)aр
-(t)ar 		-(т)ӑби
-(t)ӑbi


Mokhavic also has only a definite article

Defenitiness
Sing. -(т)и
-(t)i
Plur. -тфи
-tfi

Inflection

Mokhavic has a very high count of noun cases, that being 20 (listed below), most of these being motion and location cases,

Case Name Suffix Question Words Example
Nominative - мо, рo (who, what; subject) чам (a man; subject)
Genitive -(а)с мос, рос (whose, what's) чамас (of a man)
Dative -(а)ти моти, роти (to whom, to what/why) чамати (to a man)
Accusative -(а)м мом, ром (whom, what; object) чамам (a man; object)
Instrumental -(а)но моно, роно (with who, with what) чамано (with a man)
Comitative -мах момах, ромах (with whom, with what) чаммах (with a man)
Comparative -(а)нле монле, ронле (like who, like what) чаманле (like a man)
Inessive -(а)ш мош, рош (in who[a],/what) чамаш (in a man)
Adessive -ка мока, рока (neer who, neer what) чамка (neer a man)
Postessive -(а)зи мози, рози (Behind who,/what) чамази (Behind a man)
Superessive -(v)ма мома, рома (On top of who,/what) чамма (on top of a man)
Subessive -пша мопша, ропша (Under of who,/what) чампша (under a man)
Allative -ле моле, роле (towards who, where to) чамле (towards a man)
Ablative -сао мосао, росао, мсао (from who,/what/where) чамсао (from a man)
Lative -ахк моахк, роахк (into who,/what) чамахк (into a man)
Elative -епе моепе, роепе (Out of who,/what) чамепе (out of a man)
Benefactial -й/ижба моижба, роижба (for who,/what) чамижба (for a man)
Vocative -/о,-е[b] - чаме (man/dude!)
Adjective -(а)в роав (like what-adj) чамв (manly -adj)
Adverbial -(а)дӑл радӑл (how-adv) чамдӑл (manly -adv)
  1. ↑ In mokhavic, to say "who has the <item>" you would literally say it as "in who is the <item>"
  2. ↑ -/o is when the word ends in a vowel, and -e when it ends in a consonant.

Verbs

Tenses

1 Conjunction

орфе - sing

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Continious Simple Perfect Simple Perfect
Indicative 1st Singular орфеят орфеяда орфея лорфея лорфеян хелорфея хелорфеян
Plural орфечет орфечеда орфече лорфече лорфечен хелорфече хелорфечен
2nd Singular орфешет орфещеде орфеш лорфеш лорфешен хелорфеш хелорфешен
Plural орфесмет орфесмеде орфесме лорфесме лорфесмен хелорфесме хелорфесмен
3d Singular орфейт орфейде орфей лорфей лорфейн хелорфей хелорфейн
Plural орфенит орфениде орфени лорфени лорфенин хелорфени хелорфенин
Imperative All Singular орфети орфеути
Plural орфетя орфеутя


2nd Conjunction

чкем - drink

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Continious Simple Perfect Simple Perfect
Indicative 1st Singular чкемтем чкемемде чкемем лӑчкемем лӑчкемемен хелӑчкемем хелӑчкемемен
Plural чкемтеч чкемечде чкемеч лӑчкемеч лӑчкемечен хелӑчкемеч хелӑчкемечен
2nd Singular чкемашт чкемашда чкемаш лӑчкемаш лӑчкемашан хелӑчкемаш хелӑчкемашан
Plural чкемесет чкемеседе чкемесе лӑчкемесе лӑчкемесен хелӑчкемесе хелӑчкемесен
3d Singular чкемат чкемада чкема лӑчкема лӑчкеман хелӑчкема хелӑчкеман
Plural чкеманит чкеманида чкем'ани лӑчкемани лӑчкеманин хелӑчкемани хелӑчкеманин
Imperative All Singular чкемти чкемути
Plural чкемтя чкемутя

Direction

Mokhavic has a Polypersional agreement where a verb contains both the body doing the action and the body expiriencing the action.

Suffix Example
Self Singular -(т)оф чкемемдетоф (i drank myself - "i got drunk")
Plural чкемечдетоф (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")
2s Singular -ши уттемши (i hit you)
Plural -мсе уттеммсе (i hit you)
3s Singular -(й)и уташти (you hit him/her)
Plural -(й)ий уташтий (you hit them)

Negatoin

For negation the prefix "ю-" is added in singular, and in plural the prefix "йор-", for example 'чкемтеми' (i drank it) and 'ючкемтеми' (i didn't drank it), and in plural 'чкемтечи' (i drank them) and 'йорчкемтечи' (i didn't drank them).

'To'

In mokhavic there's a suffix that has the translated meaning of "to", as in "you want me to drink" would be literaly you-want to-drink-i.

Synatx

Mokhavic is generally SVO, though SOV can be used too, and other word orders commonly apear in folk songs and poetry. Possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.

Vocabulary

TBA

Language example

TBA

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Haydag_language&oldid=349410"