Veltic language: Difference between revisions
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| Line 315: | Line 315: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Á á | | Á á | ||
| | | ląŋe a | ||
| /aː~ɑː/ | | /aː~ɑː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ą ą | | Ą ą | ||
| | | nazal a | ||
| /ã~ɑ̃/ | | /ã~ɑ̃/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ą́ ą́ | | Ą́ ą́ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal a | ||
| /ãː~ɑ̃ː/ | | /ãː~ɑ̃ː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| B b | | B b | ||
| | | be | ||
| /b/ | | /b/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
| | | ce | ||
| /t͡s/ | | /t͡s/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ć ć | | Ć ć | ||
| | | će | ||
| /t͡ʃ/ | | /t͡ʃ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| D d | | D d | ||
| | | de | ||
| /d/ | | /d/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Đ đ | | Đ đ | ||
| | | đe | ||
| /ð~z̪/ | | /ð~z̪/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| E e | | E e | ||
| | | e | ||
| /ɛ/ | | /ɛ/ | ||
| /e~ɪ/ when reduced | | /e~ɪ/ when reduced | ||
|- | |- | ||
| É é | | É é | ||
| | | ląŋe e | ||
| /eː/ | | /eː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ę ę | | Ę ę | ||
| | | nazal e | ||
| /ẽ/ | | /ẽ/ | ||
| /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced | | /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ę́ ę́ | | Ę́ ę́ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal e | ||
| /ẽː/ | | /ẽː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| F f | | F f | ||
| | | ef | ||
| / | | /f/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| | | ge | ||
| / | | /ɣ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| H h | | H h | ||
| | | has̈ | ||
| /h/ | | /h/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| | | i | ||
| /i/ | | /i/ | ||
| /e~ɪ/ when reduced | | /e~ɪ/ when reduced | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Í í | | Í í | ||
| | | ląŋe i | ||
| /iː/ | | /iː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Į į | | Į į | ||
| | | nazal i | ||
| /ĩ/ | | /ĩ/ | ||
| /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced | | /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Į́ į́ | | Į́ į́ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal i | ||
| /ĩː/ | | /ĩː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| J j | | J j | ||
| | | jot | ||
| /j/ | | /j/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| | | ka | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ḱ ḱ | | Ḱ ḱ | ||
| | | ḱa | ||
| /x/ | | /x/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| L l | | L l | ||
| | | el | ||
| /l/ | | /l/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Λ ʌ | | Λ ʌ | ||
| | | eʌ | ||
| /ɬ/ | | /ɬ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| M m | | M m | ||
| | | em | ||
| /m/ | | /m/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 445: | Line 445: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| N n | | N n | ||
| | | en | ||
| /n/ | | /n/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 455: | Line 455: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ŋ ŋ | | Ŋ ŋ | ||
| | | eŋ | ||
| /ŋ/ | | /ŋ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| | | o | ||
| /ɔ/ | | /ɔ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ó ó | | Ó ó | ||
| | | ląŋe o | ||
| /oː/ | | /oː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ǫ ǫ | | Ǫ ǫ | ||
| | | nazal o | ||
| /ɔ̃/ | | /ɔ̃/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ǫ́ ǫ́ | | Ǫ́ ǫ́ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal o | ||
| /õː/ | | /õː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ö ö | | Ö ö | ||
| | | oe | ||
| /ø/ | | /ø/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ő ő | | Ő ő | ||
| | | ląŋe oe | ||
| /øː/ | | /øː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ǫ̈ ǫ̈ | | Ǫ̈ ǫ̈ | ||
| | | nazal oe | ||
| /ɵ̃/ | | /ɵ̃/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ǫ̋ ǫ̋ | | Ǫ̋ ǫ̋ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal oe | ||
| /ɵ̃ː/ | | /ɵ̃ː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| | | pe | ||
| /p/ | | /p/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| | | er | ||
| /ɾ/ | | /ɾ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
| | | es | ||
| /s/ | | /s/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| S̈ s̈ | | S̈ s̈ | ||
| | | es̈ | ||
| /ʃ~ɕ/ | | /ʃ~ɕ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| | | te | ||
| /t/ | | /t/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ŧ ŧ | | Ŧ ŧ | ||
| | | ŧe | ||
| /θ~s̪/ | | /θ~s̪/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| | | u | ||
| /u/ | | /u/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ú ú | | Ú ú | ||
| | | ląŋe u | ||
| /uː/ | | /uː/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 542: | Line 542: | ||
| | | | ||
| /ũː/ | | /ũː/ | ||
| | | nazal u | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ų́ ų́ | | Ų́ ų́ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal u | ||
| /ũː/ | | /ũː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ü ü | | Ü ü | ||
| | | ui | ||
| /y/ | | /y/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ű ű | | Ű ű | ||
| | | ląŋe ui | ||
| /yː/ | | /yː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ų̈ ų̈ | | Ų̈ ų̈ | ||
| | | nazal ui | ||
| /ʉ̃/ | | /ʉ̃/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ų̋ ų̋ | | Ų̋ ų̋ | ||
| | | ląŋe nazal ui | ||
| /ʉ̃ː/ | | /ʉ̃ː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| V v | | V v | ||
| | | ve | ||
| /v/ | | /v/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| W w | | W w | ||
| | | we | ||
| /w~◌ʷ/ | | /w~◌ʷ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| X x | | X x | ||
| | | ix/iks | ||
| /ks/ | | /ks/ | ||
| Used in foreing loanwords. | | Used in foreing loanwords. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Y y | | Y y | ||
| | | igrek | ||
| /y~ɨ/ | | /y~ɨ/ | ||
| Used in foreing loanwords. | | Used in foreing loanwords. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Z z | | Z z | ||
| | | ze | ||
| /z/ | | /z/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Z̈ z̈ | | Z̈ z̈ | ||
| | | z̈e | ||
| /ʒ~ʑ/ | | /ʒ~ʑ/ | ||
| | | | ||
Revision as of 11:16, 13 June 2021
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| Veltic | |
|---|---|
| Veltician, Veltlandic | |
| Velts̈ S̈praḱ, Velts̈i | |
 Flag of Veltland Province | |
| Pronunciation | /vɛltʃ ʃpɾax/  |
| Native to | |
| Region | Southern Thuadia |
| Ethnicity | Veltic |
Native speakers | L1: - L2: - FL: - |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Early form | Proto-Gadori
|
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | VT |
| ISO 639-2 | VLT |
| ISO 639-3 | VLT |
The Veltic language is a sister language of the Gadori language, it is spoken in southwestern Qazhshava by the Veltic people. It is recognized as a minority langauge in Qazhshava and the Sekidean Union.
Phonology
consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||||
| voiced | b | d | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ~t͡ɕ | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | (d͡ʒ~d͡ʑ) | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | θ~s̪ | s ɬ | ʃ~ɕ | x | h | |
| voiced | v | ð~z̪ | z | ʒ~ʑ | ɣ | |||
| Aproximant | voiced | w | l | j | ||||
| Tap & Trill | voiced | ɾ | ||||||
vowels
| Short | Long | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Mid | Back | Front | Mid | Back | |
| Close | i ĩ y | ʉ̃ | u ũ | iː ĩː yː | ʉ̃ː | uː ũː |
| Close-Mid | ẽ ø | ɵ̃ | eː ẽː øː | ɵ̃ː | oː õː | |
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ ɔ̃ | ||||
| Open | a~ɑ ɑ̃ | aː~ɑː ɑ̃ː | ||||
Writing System
| А а | Á á | Ą ą | Ą́ ą́ | B b | C c | Ć ć | D d | Đ đ | E e | É é | Ę ę |
| Ę́ ę́ | F f | G g | H h | I i | Í í | Į į | Į́ į́ | J j | K k | Ḱ ḱ | L l |
| Λ ʌ | M m | Ḿ ḿ | N n | Ń ń | Ŋ ŋ | O o | Ó ó | Ǫ ǫ | Ǫ́ ǫ́ | Ö ö | Ő ő |
| Ǫ̈ ǫ̈ | Ǫ̋ ǫ̋ | P p | R r | S s | S̈ s̈ | T t | Ŧ ŧ | U u | Ú ú | Ų ų | Ų́ ų́ |
| Ü ü | Ű ű | Ų̈ ų̈ | Ų̋ ų̋ | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Z z | Z̈ z̈ |
Detailed table
| Letter | Name | IPA | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| A a | a | /a~ɑ/ | /ɐ/ when reduced. |
| Á á | ląŋe a | /aː~ɑː/ | |
| Ą ą | nazal a | /ã~ɑ̃/ | |
| Ą́ ą́ | ląŋe nazal a | /ãː~ɑ̃ː/ | |
| B b | be | /b/ | |
| C c | ce | /t͡s/ | |
| Ć ć | će | /t͡ʃ/ | |
| D d | de | /d/ | |
| Đ đ | đe | /ð~z̪/ | |
| E e | e | /ɛ/ | /e~ɪ/ when reduced |
| É é | ląŋe e | /eː/ | |
| Ę ę | nazal e | /ẽ/ | /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced |
| Ę́ ę́ | ląŋe nazal e | /ẽː/ | |
| F f | ef | /f/ | |
| G g | ge | /ɣ/ | |
| H h | has̈ | /h/ | |
| I i | i | /i/ | /e~ɪ/ when reduced |
| Í í | ląŋe i | /iː/ | |
| Į į | nazal i | /ĩ/ | /ẽ~ɪ̃/ when reduced |
| Į́ į́ | ląŋe nazal i | /ĩː/ | |
| J j | jot | /j/ | |
| K k | ka | /k/ | |
| Ḱ ḱ | ḱa | /x/ | |
| L l | el | /l/ | |
| Λ ʌ | eʌ | /ɬ/ | |
| M m | em | /m/ | |
| Ḿ ḿ | /m̩/ | ||
| N n | en | /n/ | |
| Ń ń | /n̩/ | ||
| Ŋ ŋ | eŋ | /ŋ/ | |
| O o | o | /ɔ/ | |
| Ó ó | ląŋe o | /oː/ | |
| Ǫ ǫ | nazal o | /ɔ̃/ | |
| Ǫ́ ǫ́ | ląŋe nazal o | /õː/ | |
| Ö ö | oe | /ø/ | |
| Ő ő | ląŋe oe | /øː/ | |
| Ǫ̈ ǫ̈ | nazal oe | /ɵ̃/ | |
| Ǫ̋ ǫ̋ | ląŋe nazal oe | /ɵ̃ː/ | |
| P p | pe | /p/ | |
| R r | er | /ɾ/ | |
| S s | es | /s/ | |
| S̈ s̈ | es̈ | /ʃ~ɕ/ | |
| T t | te | /t/ | |
| Ŧ ŧ | ŧe | /θ~s̪/ | |
| U u | u | /u/ | |
| Ú ú | ląŋe u | /uː/ | |
| Ų ų | /ũː/ | nazal u | |
| Ų́ ų́ | ląŋe nazal u | /ũː/ | |
| Ü ü | ui | /y/ | |
| Ű ű | ląŋe ui | /yː/ | |
| Ų̈ ų̈ | nazal ui | /ʉ̃/ | |
| Ų̋ ų̋ | ląŋe nazal ui | /ʉ̃ː/ | |
| V v | ve | /v/ | |
| W w | we | /w~◌ʷ/ | |
| X x | ix/iks | /ks/ | Used in foreing loanwords. |
| Y y | igrek | /y~ɨ/ | Used in foreing loanwords. |
| Z z | ze | /z/ | |
| Z̈ z̈ | z̈e | /ʒ~ʑ/ |
Grammar
Like other germanic languages, Veltic has grammatical cases, but unlike them it has evolved an instrumental and comitative:
And three genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:
- Masculine
- Feminine
- Neuter
| Definite article | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Instrumental | Comitative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Đer | Đé | Đem | Đę | Đų | Đǫ́ |
| Neuter | Đá | Đá | |||||
| Feminie | Đi | Đer | Đer | Đi | Đǫ̈ | ||
| Plural | Masculine | Đi | Đer | Đę | Đi | Đų | Đǫ̈ |
| Neuter | |||||||
| Feminie | |||||||
| Indefinite article | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Instrumental | Comitative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Ąj | Ą́j | Ąjm | Ąję | Ąjų | Ǫj |
| Neuter | Ąj | ||||||
| Feminie | Ąjer | Ąjer | Ǫ̈j | ||||
| Plural | Masculine | — | |||||
| Neuter | |||||||
| Feminie | |||||||
| PRO. | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Instrumental | Comitative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Kąj | Ką́j | Kąjm | Ąję | Kąjų | Kǫj |
| Neuter | Kąj | ||||||
| Feminie | Kąjer | Kąjer | Kǫ̈j | ||||
| Plural | Masculine | Kąj | Kąjer | Kąję | Kąj | Kąjų | Kǫj |
| Neuter | |||||||
| Feminie | |||||||