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| fam3      = Old Kaya script
| fam3      = Old Kaya script
| print    = <!-- (the print basis/model of a braille script} -->
| print    = <!-- (the print basis/model of a braille script} -->
| sisters  = [[Writing systems in the Mutul|Mutulese glyph writing]]
| sisters  = [[Writing systems in the Mutul|Mutunese glyph writing]]
| children  = <!-- (For child writing systems) -->
| children  = <!-- (For child writing systems) -->
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| sample    = <!-- (Sample image, WITHOUT "Image:" prefix) -->
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[[Category: Kayahallpa]]
[[Category: Kayahallpa]]
The '''Kaya script''' ({{wp|Southern Quechua|Kayasimi}}: ''Kaya siq'i llumpa'') is an {{wp|abugida}} (alphasyllabary), based on the ancient {{wp|Maya script|Tz'ib'najal script}}, used in [[Kayahallpa]]. It originated from Glyphic Mutli-Kaya writing, a method of transcribing {{wp|Southern Quechua|the common language of Kayahallpa}} with [[Mutli]] {{wp|logographic}} characters. Its development from Tz'ib'najal began around the 16th century CE, and it had developed into Old Kaya by the 18th century CE, which featured a {{wp|semi-syllabary}} structure with a limited number of logograms. By the early 20th century, with the introduction of the 1912 Kayahallpan Writing Reform, it abandoned all logogrammatic and syllabic characteristics to become a fully {{wp|phonogram (linguistics)|phonogrammatic}} alphasyllabary. As such, in modern publications, every letter corresponds to a sound in the spoken standard language.
The '''Kaya script''' ({{wp|Southern Quechua|Kayasimi}}: ''Kaya siq'i llumpa'') is an {{wp|abugida}} (alphasyllabary), based on the ancient {{wp|Maya script|Tz'ib'najal script}}, used in [[Kayahallpa]]. It originated from Glyphic Mutli-Kaya writing, a method of transcribing {{wp|Southern Quechua|Kaya Simi}} with [[Mutli]] {{wp|logographic}} characters. Its development from Tz'ib'najal began around the 16th century CE, and it had developed into Old Kaya by the 18th century CE, which featured a {{wp|semi-syllabary}} structure with a limited number of logograms. By the early 20th century, with the introduction of the 1912 Kayahallpan Writing Reform, it abandoned all logogrammatic and syllabic characteristics to become a fully {{wp|phonogram (linguistics)|phonogrammatic}} alphasyllabary. As such, in modern publications, every letter corresponds to a sound in the spoken standard language.
 
For the last three-hundred years, it has also been used for writing the many other autochtonous languages of Kayahallpa, with additional characters added to represent unique sounds where necessary.


===Origin and history===
===Origin and history===
The Kaya script combines several influences into one: a limited set of Mutuleses glyphs for the basic characters and {{wp|Brahmic scripts|Southern Ochranese}} scripts for the script's functionality. Prior to the 1912 writing reform, there were {{wp|Hentaigana|numerous systems in use}} to phonetically transcribe the sounds of Kayasimi. After the reform, only one set of characters was declared permissible to use, and the use of non-standard characters is now restricted to certain artistic movements. Logographic glyphs, while widespread in the Mutul, are rare in the Kaya script.  
The Kaya script combines several influences into one: a limited set of Mutunese glyphs for the basic characters and {{wp|Brahmic scripts|Southern Ochranese}} scripts for the script's functionality. Prior to the 1912 writing reform, there were {{wp|Hentaigana|numerous systems in use}} to phonetically transcribe the sounds of Kayasimi. After the reform, only one set of characters was declared permissible to use, and the use of non-standard characters is now restricted to certain artistic movements. Logographic glyphs, while widespread in the Mutul, are rare in the Kaya script.  
===Characters and pronunciation===
===Characters and pronunciation===
[[File:Script Table.svg|400px|thumb|left|Table showing the basic characters of the Kaya script]]
[[File:Script Table.svg|400px|thumb|left|Table showing the basic characters of the Kaya script]]
In addition to the basic set of characters, they can be modified via {{wp|diacritics}} to show {{wp|aspirated consonant|aspiration}}, the presence of {{wp|ejective consonants}}, the presence of two of Kayasimi's three vowels (''u'' and ''i''), as well as the {{wp|Virama|lack of a vowel}} after a consonant. The vowel ''a'' is an {{wp|inherent vowel}}, so the base glyph ''p'', as shown in the table, is actually read out as ''pa''.
In addition to the basic set of characters, they can be modified via {{wp|diacritics}} to show {{wp|aspirated consonant|aspiration}}, the presence of {{wp|ejective consonants}}, the presence of two of Kayasimi's three vowels (''u'' and ''i''), as well as the {{wp|Virama|lack of a vowel}} after a consonant. The vowel ''a'' is an {{wp|inherent vowel}}, so the base glyph ''p'', as shown in the table, is actually read out as ''pa''.
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Numbers in Kaya script are represented in a {{wp|vigesimal}} (base-20) {{wp|positional notation|positional}} {{wp|numeral system}}, like in the [[Mutul]]. It also uses {{wp|Maya numerals|the same system}} as the Mutul, from which Kayans first borrowed knowledge of mathematics from. Widespread official and cultural opposition to the base-10 {{wp|Arabic numerals}}, viewed as a foreign influence, has prevented a shift away from Mutuleses numerals.
[[File:Maya.svg|200px|thumb|right|Numerals used in Kaya script]]
Numbers in Kaya script are represented in {{wp|Maya numerals|the same}} {{wp|vigesimal}} (base-20) {{wp|positional notation|positional}} {{wp|numeral system}} as that used in the [[Mutul]]. Numbers 0-10 are spoken with their Kaya Simi names, while numbers 11-20 may be in either the native word for that number or a Mutli loanword; this mixed counting system is at least 800 years old. Widespread official and cultural opposition to the base-10 {{wp|Arabic numerals|Western numerals}}, viewed as a foreign influence, has prevented a shift away from Mutunese numerals.

Latest revision as of 20:40, 29 September 2021

Kaya script
Kaya Siq'i Llumpa.svg
Type
Abugida
LanguagesKayasimi
Time period
1500s − present
Parent systems
Tz'ib'najal
  • Glyphic Mutli-Kaya
    • Old Kaya script
      • Kaya script
Sister systems
Mutunese glyph writing

The Kaya script (Kayasimi: Kaya siq'i llumpa) is an abugida (alphasyllabary), based on the ancient Tz'ib'najal script, used in Kayahallpa. It originated from Glyphic Mutli-Kaya writing, a method of transcribing Kaya Simi with Mutli logographic characters. Its development from Tz'ib'najal began around the 16th century CE, and it had developed into Old Kaya by the 18th century CE, which featured a semi-syllabary structure with a limited number of logograms. By the early 20th century, with the introduction of the 1912 Kayahallpan Writing Reform, it abandoned all logogrammatic and syllabic characteristics to become a fully phonogrammatic alphasyllabary. As such, in modern publications, every letter corresponds to a sound in the spoken standard language.

For the last three-hundred years, it has also been used for writing the many other autochtonous languages of Kayahallpa, with additional characters added to represent unique sounds where necessary.

Origin and history

The Kaya script combines several influences into one: a limited set of Mutunese glyphs for the basic characters and Southern Ochranese scripts for the script's functionality. Prior to the 1912 writing reform, there were numerous systems in use to phonetically transcribe the sounds of Kayasimi. After the reform, only one set of characters was declared permissible to use, and the use of non-standard characters is now restricted to certain artistic movements. Logographic glyphs, while widespread in the Mutul, are rare in the Kaya script.

Characters and pronunciation

Table showing the basic characters of the Kaya script

In addition to the basic set of characters, they can be modified via diacritics to show aspiration, the presence of ejective consonants, the presence of two of Kayasimi's three vowels (u and i), as well as the lack of a vowel after a consonant. The vowel a is an inherent vowel, so the base glyph p, as shown in the table, is actually read out as pa.

Numerals

Numerals used in Kaya script

Numbers in Kaya script are represented in the same vigesimal (base-20) positional numeral system as that used in the Mutul. Numbers 0-10 are spoken with their Kaya Simi names, while numbers 11-20 may be in either the native word for that number or a Mutli loanword; this mixed counting system is at least 800 years old. Widespread official and cultural opposition to the base-10 Western numerals, viewed as a foreign influence, has prevented a shift away from Mutunese numerals.