User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 11:50, 19 November 2021
| Kamak | |
|---|---|
| Native to |  Qazhshava |
| Region | Kamak Islands |
| Ethnicity | Kamaks |
| Latin Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | lateral | plain | labial | plain | labial | ||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨tl⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | |||
| ejective | pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | kʼʷ ⟨kwʼ⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | plain | s̻ ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨l⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | xʷ ⟨xw⟩ | χ ⟨xh⟩ | χʷ ⟨xhw⟩ | |||
| voiced | ʁ~ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ʁʷ~ɣʷ ⟨gw⟩ | ||||||||
| Sonorant | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||||
| Trill/Tap | ɾ~r ⟨r⟩ | |||||||||
- Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)
Vowels
| Front | Central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
| Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɤ ⟨ă⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
| Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
Writing System
class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| Cyrillic | Latin | Name | IPA | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A a | A a | /a/ | ||
| Б б | B b | // | ||
| В в | V v | // | ||
| Г г | G g | // | ||
| Гў гў | Gw gw | // | ||
| Д д | D d | // | ||
| Е е | E e | // | ||
| Ж ж | Zh zh | // | ||
| З з | Z z | // | ||
| И и | I i | // | ||
| Й й | Y y | // | ||
| К к | K k | // | ||
| Кў кў | Kw kw | // | ||
| К' к' | K' k' | // | ||
| Кў' кў' | Kw' kw' | // | ||
| Л л | L l | // | ||
| Лъ лъ | Lh lh | // | ||
| М м | M m | // | ||
| Н н | N n | // | ||
| О о | O o | // | ||
| П п | P p | // | ||
| П' п' | P' p' | // | ||
| Р р | R r | // | ||
| С с | S s | // | ||
| Т т | T t | // | ||
| Т' т' | T' t' | // | ||
| Тлъ тлъ | Tlh tlh | // | ||
| Тлъ' тлъ' | Tlh' tlh' | // | ||
| У у | U u | // | ||
| Ў ў | W w | // | ||
| Ф ф | F f | // | ||
| Х х | X x | // | ||
| Хў хў | Xw xw | // | ||
| Хъ хъ | Xh xh | // | ||
| Хъў хъў | Xhw xhw | // | ||
| Ц ц | C c | // | ||
| Ц' ц' | C' c' | // | ||
| Ч ч | Ch ch | // | ||
| Ш ш | Sh sh | // | ||
| Ъ ъ | H h* | // | ||
| Ы ы | Ĕ ĕ | // | ||
| Ӹ ӹ | Ă ă | // | ||
| Ь ь | Y y | // | ||
| Ю ю | Yu yu | // | ||
| Я я | Ya ya | // |
Grammar
Syntax
SVO (SOV when O is a pronoun) noun like adjectives possessee - possessor adjective - noun prepossitions
Pronouns
| Nom | Dat | Gen | Acc | Ins | Loc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | ka | ||||||
| Second | le | |||||||
| Third | Proximal | to | ||||||
| Distal | anto | |||||||
| Plural | First | kin | ||||||
| Second | lin | |||||||
| Third | Proximal | tomë | ||||||
| Distal | antomë | |||||||
Nouns
Number
Case
| Case | Word | Example | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | |||
| Dative | |||
| Genetive | |||
| Accusitive | |||
| Instrumental | |||
| Locative |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Verbs
"to be"
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Person
Direction
Questions
Derivation
| Affix | Used to create: | Example(s) |
|---|---|---|
| - | agents from verbs/nouns | |
| - | collective nouns | |
| - | adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
| - | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
| - | nouns from adjectives | |
| - | diminutives of nouns | |
| - | augmentatives of nouns | |
| - | locations (places related to the stem) | |
| - | inhabitants (of places) | |
| - | decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives) | |
| - | decendents (child of) | |
| - | languages/dialects |